Vehicle accidents are by all accounts appalling and frightening occasions occurring which cause various deaths. As the number of accidents per year is increasing tremendously and so the lives affected by accidents. There are traditional ways to help the needy or the victim that is informing the right authority but needs assistance or help from others, but this tends to take ample of time and due to it could cost lives. So there is a need to develop an accident detection system that would detect and alert the proper authorities about the accident. The sudden assistance to the alert would in return lead to saving as many lives as possible. Many researchers have analyzed this technique using Convolutional neural network, HDNN, RCNN, etc. This paper will give us an overview of various techniques or methods that are used to detect accidents.
VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION USING THE CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK APPROACHJANAK TRIVEDI
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution
Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle
classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS) to build a smart city. In this article, three different
vehicles: bike, car and truck classification are considered for around 3,000 bikes,
6,000 cars, and 2,000 images of trucks. CNN can automatically absorb and extract
different vehicle dataset’s different features without a manual selection of features.
The accuracy of CNN is measured in terms of the confidence values of the detected
object. The highest confidence value is about 0.99 in the case of the bike category
vehicle classification. The automatic vehicle classification supports building an
electronic toll collection system and identifying emergency vehicles in the traffic
CANNY EDGE DETECTION BASED REAL-TIME INTELLIGENT PARKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMJANAK TRIVEDI
The document describes a real-time intelligent parking management system that uses Canny edge detection. A Raspberry Pi-based module with a USB camera monitors 10 parking slots in real-time. It detects empty and occupied slots using Canny edge detection on the video feed and shares the information via a mobile app and LCD display. Sensors control the opening and closing of gates automatically upon vehicle entry and exit. The system provides up-to-date information on available parking slots to help manage traffic flow.
OpenCVand Matlab based Car Parking System Module for Smart City using Circle ...JANAK TRIVEDI
finding parking availability for a specific time period is
a very tedious job in urban areas. The Indian government now
focusing on t he smart city project, already they published city
name for a n upcoming smart city project. In smart city
application , intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays an
important role- in that finding parking place, specifically for the
car owner to avoid time computation, as well as congestion in
traffic is going to be very important. In this article, we propose
an intelligent car parking system for the smart city using Circle
Hough Transform (CHT).
Classification and Detection of Vehicles using Deep Learningijtsrd
The vehicle classification and detecting its license plate are important tasks in intelligent security and transportation systems. The traditional methods of vehicle classification and detection are highly complex which provides coarse grained results due to suffering from limited viewpoints. Because of the latest achievements of Deep Learning, it was successfully applied to image classification and detection of objects. This paper presents a method based on a convolutional neural network, which consists of two steps vehicle classification and vehicle license plate recognition. Several typical neural network modules have been applied in training and testing the vehicle Classification and detection of license plate model, such as CNN convolutional neural networks , TensorFlow, Tesseract OCR. The proposed method can identify the vehicle type, number plate and other information accurately. This model provides security and log details regarding vehicles by using AI Surveillance. It guides the surveillance operators and assists human resources. With the help of the original training dataset and enriched testing dataset, the algorithm can obtain results with an average accuracy of about 97.32 in the classification and detection of vehicles. By increasing the amount of the data, the mean error and misclassification rate gradually decreases. So, this algorithm which is based on Deep Learning has good superiority and adaptability. When compared to the leading methods in the challenging Image datasets, our deep learning approach obtains highly competitive results. Finally, this paper proposes modern methods for the improvement of the algorithm and prospects the development direction of deep learning in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Madde Pavan Kumar | Dr. K. Manivel | N. Jayanthi "Classification & Detection of Vehicles using Deep Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30353.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/software-engineering/30353/classification-and-detection-of-vehicles-using-deep-learning/madde-pavan-kumar
"Detecting road lane is one of the key processes in vision based driving assistance system and autonomous vehicle system. The main purpose of the lane detection process is to estimate car position relative to the lane so that it can provide a warning to the driver if the car starts departing the lane. This process is useful not only to enhance safe driving but also in self driving car system. A novel approach to lane detection method using image processing techniques is presented in this research. The method minimizes the complexity of computation by the use of prior knowledge of color, intensity and the shape of the lane marks. By using prior knowledge, the detection process requires only two different analyses which are pixel intensity analysis and color component analysis. The method starts with searching a strong pair of edges along the horizontal line of road image. Once the strong edge is detected the process continues with color analysis on pixels that lie between the edges to check whether the pixels belong to a lane or not. The process is repeated for different positions of horizontal lines covering the road image. The method was successfully tested on selected 20 road images collected from internet. Ery M. Rizaldy | J. M. Nursherida | Abdul Rahim Sadiq Batcha ""Reduced Dimension Lane Detection Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19136.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/19136/reduced-dimension-lane-detection-method/ery-m-rizaldy"
Deep Learning Approach Model for Vehicle Classification using Artificial Neur...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a deep learning approach using artificial neural networks for vehicle classification from images and video. It proposes using a hybrid deep neural network model along with non-negative matrix factorization and SVM compression for feature extraction to classify vehicles. The model aims to identify vehicle positions and types. It was tested on a standard dataset and aims to improve response time for vehicle detection and classification.
Identification and classification of moving vehicles on roadAlexander Decker
This document describes a system for automatically identifying and classifying vehicles in traffic video. The system uses image processing and machine learning techniques. Video frames are first processed to detect vehicles by subtracting background images. Features like width, length, area, and perimeter are then extracted from vehicle images. These features are input to a neural network classifier trained on sample vehicle data to classify vehicles as big or small. The system was tested on real traffic video from Saudi Arabia. It aims to automate traffic monitoring and reduce costs compared to manual methods.
Projection Profile Based Number Plate Localization and Recognition csandit
This paper proposes algorithms to localize vehicle
number plates from natural background
images, to segment the characters from the localize
d number plates and to recognize the
segmented characters. The reported system is tested
on a dataset of 560 sample images
captured with different background under various il
luminations. The performance accuracy of
the proposed system has been calculated at each sta
ge, which is 97.1%, 95.4% and 95.72% for
localisation & extraction, character segmentation a
nd character recognition respectively. The
proposed method is also capable of localising and r
ecognising multiple number plates in
images.
VEHICLE CLASSIFICATION USING THE CONVOLUTION NEURAL NETWORK APPROACHJANAK TRIVEDI
We present vehicle detection classification using the Convolution
Neural Network (CNN) of the deep learning approach. The automatic vehicle
classification for traffic surveillance video systems is challenging for the Intelligent
Transportation System (ITS) to build a smart city. In this article, three different
vehicles: bike, car and truck classification are considered for around 3,000 bikes,
6,000 cars, and 2,000 images of trucks. CNN can automatically absorb and extract
different vehicle dataset’s different features without a manual selection of features.
The accuracy of CNN is measured in terms of the confidence values of the detected
object. The highest confidence value is about 0.99 in the case of the bike category
vehicle classification. The automatic vehicle classification supports building an
electronic toll collection system and identifying emergency vehicles in the traffic
CANNY EDGE DETECTION BASED REAL-TIME INTELLIGENT PARKING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMJANAK TRIVEDI
The document describes a real-time intelligent parking management system that uses Canny edge detection. A Raspberry Pi-based module with a USB camera monitors 10 parking slots in real-time. It detects empty and occupied slots using Canny edge detection on the video feed and shares the information via a mobile app and LCD display. Sensors control the opening and closing of gates automatically upon vehicle entry and exit. The system provides up-to-date information on available parking slots to help manage traffic flow.
OpenCVand Matlab based Car Parking System Module for Smart City using Circle ...JANAK TRIVEDI
finding parking availability for a specific time period is
a very tedious job in urban areas. The Indian government now
focusing on t he smart city project, already they published city
name for a n upcoming smart city project. In smart city
application , intelligent transportation system (ITS) plays an
important role- in that finding parking place, specifically for the
car owner to avoid time computation, as well as congestion in
traffic is going to be very important. In this article, we propose
an intelligent car parking system for the smart city using Circle
Hough Transform (CHT).
Classification and Detection of Vehicles using Deep Learningijtsrd
The vehicle classification and detecting its license plate are important tasks in intelligent security and transportation systems. The traditional methods of vehicle classification and detection are highly complex which provides coarse grained results due to suffering from limited viewpoints. Because of the latest achievements of Deep Learning, it was successfully applied to image classification and detection of objects. This paper presents a method based on a convolutional neural network, which consists of two steps vehicle classification and vehicle license plate recognition. Several typical neural network modules have been applied in training and testing the vehicle Classification and detection of license plate model, such as CNN convolutional neural networks , TensorFlow, Tesseract OCR. The proposed method can identify the vehicle type, number plate and other information accurately. This model provides security and log details regarding vehicles by using AI Surveillance. It guides the surveillance operators and assists human resources. With the help of the original training dataset and enriched testing dataset, the algorithm can obtain results with an average accuracy of about 97.32 in the classification and detection of vehicles. By increasing the amount of the data, the mean error and misclassification rate gradually decreases. So, this algorithm which is based on Deep Learning has good superiority and adaptability. When compared to the leading methods in the challenging Image datasets, our deep learning approach obtains highly competitive results. Finally, this paper proposes modern methods for the improvement of the algorithm and prospects the development direction of deep learning in the field of machine learning and artificial intelligence. Madde Pavan Kumar | Dr. K. Manivel | N. Jayanthi "Classification & Detection of Vehicles using Deep Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30353.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/software-engineering/30353/classification-and-detection-of-vehicles-using-deep-learning/madde-pavan-kumar
"Detecting road lane is one of the key processes in vision based driving assistance system and autonomous vehicle system. The main purpose of the lane detection process is to estimate car position relative to the lane so that it can provide a warning to the driver if the car starts departing the lane. This process is useful not only to enhance safe driving but also in self driving car system. A novel approach to lane detection method using image processing techniques is presented in this research. The method minimizes the complexity of computation by the use of prior knowledge of color, intensity and the shape of the lane marks. By using prior knowledge, the detection process requires only two different analyses which are pixel intensity analysis and color component analysis. The method starts with searching a strong pair of edges along the horizontal line of road image. Once the strong edge is detected the process continues with color analysis on pixels that lie between the edges to check whether the pixels belong to a lane or not. The process is repeated for different positions of horizontal lines covering the road image. The method was successfully tested on selected 20 road images collected from internet. Ery M. Rizaldy | J. M. Nursherida | Abdul Rahim Sadiq Batcha ""Reduced Dimension Lane Detection Method"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Special Issue | International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Information Technology , November 2018, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd19136.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/19136/reduced-dimension-lane-detection-method/ery-m-rizaldy"
Deep Learning Approach Model for Vehicle Classification using Artificial Neur...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a deep learning approach using artificial neural networks for vehicle classification from images and video. It proposes using a hybrid deep neural network model along with non-negative matrix factorization and SVM compression for feature extraction to classify vehicles. The model aims to identify vehicle positions and types. It was tested on a standard dataset and aims to improve response time for vehicle detection and classification.
Identification and classification of moving vehicles on roadAlexander Decker
This document describes a system for automatically identifying and classifying vehicles in traffic video. The system uses image processing and machine learning techniques. Video frames are first processed to detect vehicles by subtracting background images. Features like width, length, area, and perimeter are then extracted from vehicle images. These features are input to a neural network classifier trained on sample vehicle data to classify vehicles as big or small. The system was tested on real traffic video from Saudi Arabia. It aims to automate traffic monitoring and reduce costs compared to manual methods.
Projection Profile Based Number Plate Localization and Recognition csandit
This paper proposes algorithms to localize vehicle
number plates from natural background
images, to segment the characters from the localize
d number plates and to recognize the
segmented characters. The reported system is tested
on a dataset of 560 sample images
captured with different background under various il
luminations. The performance accuracy of
the proposed system has been calculated at each sta
ge, which is 97.1%, 95.4% and 95.72% for
localisation & extraction, character segmentation a
nd character recognition respectively. The
proposed method is also capable of localising and r
ecognising multiple number plates in
images.
A multi-objective evolutionary scheme for control points deployment in intell...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that hinder emergency in developing countries is the problem of monitoring a number of activities on inter-urban roadway networks. In the literature, the use of control points is proposed in the context of these countries in order to ensure efficient monitoring, by ensuring a good coverage while minimizing the installation costs as well as the number of accidents across these road networks. In this work, we propose an optimal deployment of these control points from several optimization methods based on some evolutionary multi-objective algorithms: the Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II); the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO); the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm-II (SPEA-II); and the pareto envelope based selection algorithm-II (PESA-II). We performed the tests and compared these deployments using pareto front and performance indicators like the spread and hypervolume and the inverted generational distance (IGD). The results obtained show that the NSGA-II method is the most adequate in the deployment of these control points.
Real time deep-learning based traffic volume count for high-traffic urban art...Conference Papers
This document proposes and tests a deep learning-based system for real-time traffic volume counting on high-traffic urban arterial roads. Video clips from 4 camera views along arterial roads with estimated annual average daily traffic over 50,000 vehicles were used to test the system. The system achieved average accuracy rates between 93.84-97.68% across the camera views for 5 and 15-minute video clips. It was also able to process frames in real-time at an average of 37.27ms per frame. The proposed system provides an accurate and efficient method for traffic authorities to conduct traffic volume surveys on busy urban roads.
FRONT AND REAR VEHICLE DETECTION USING HYPOTHESIS GENERATION AND VERIFICATIONsipij
The document describes a method for front and rear vehicle detection using hypothesis generation and verification. In the hypothesis generation stage, potential vehicles are identified using shadow, texture, and symmetry clues. In the hypothesis verification stage, Pyramid Histograms of Oriented Gradients features are extracted and dimensionally reduced using PCA. Genetic algorithm and linear SVM are then used to improve feature performance and classification accuracy, achieving over 97% correct classification on test images.
IRJET- An Overview on Indian its & Foreign its to Develop its in Nagpur CityIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in India and Nagpur City. It discusses ITS developments in other countries like the US, Japan, and Europe. The objectives are to study overall ITS development globally and compare it to Nagpur's ITS. Components of ITS like advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems are described. Literature on ITS projects in various Indian cities is reviewed. Finally, the document analyzes fuel consumption and emissions reductions from implementing automatic signal synchronization on a corridor in Nagpur. Results show 1.5-2% reduced fuel use and decreases in CO and NOx emissions compared to the current system. In conclusion, ITS can help optimize Nagpur's transportation
A novel character segmentation reconstruction approach for license plate reco...Journal Papers
The document discusses a novel approach for license plate recognition that involves character segmentation through partial reconstruction and complete reconstruction for recognition. It aims to develop a system that can handle multiple adverse factors like low resolution, blurring, complex backgrounds, etc. that affect license plate images. The proposed approach uses characteristics of stroke width in the Laplacian and gradient domain to segment character components with incomplete shapes. It then studies the angular information and aspect ratios of character components to further segment characters. Finally, it uses the same stroke width properties to reconstruct the complete shape of each character for improved recognition rates. Experimental results on several benchmark and real-world databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
IRJET- Prediction of Traffic Signs for Automated Vehicles using Convolutional...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for using convolutional neural networks to recognize traffic signs for automated vehicles. It begins with background on the problem of traffic accidents and how image recognition technology could help. The proposed system uses pre-processing like frame normalization and edge detection, followed by a convolutional neural network to match signs to a dataset. Fuzzy classification is then applied to improve accuracy. Challenges like processing time and accuracy are addressed by using more accurate filters and TensorFlow algorithms.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists involved in research to publish quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or experimentally proved review work are welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- Traffic Sign Detection, Recognition and Notification System using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a traffic sign detection, recognition, and notification system using Faster R-CNN. The system takes video input containing traffic signs and converts it to frames. Faster R-CNN with ROI pooling and a classifier is used to detect traffic signs. Color and shape information are then used to refine detections. A CNN classifier recognizes the signs. The system notifies drivers of detected signs via audio messages, helping drivers comply with signs even if ignored visually. The proposed detector detects all sign categories, and recognition accuracy on the German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark dataset exceeds 90% for 42 sign classes.
The document describes the development of a safety information system for unmanned railway level crossings in India using geographic information systems (GIS). Unmanned level crossings on the Shahdra-Shamli-Tapri railway route were surveyed using GPS to collect location data and characteristics. This data was stored and analyzed in a GIS database along with accident statistics from 2008-2013. A spatial map was created showing the railway lines, level crossings, roads, villages etc. as different layers. Queries could then identify accidental level crossings. The system aims to inform road users in advance about level crossing characteristics to increase safety awareness.
IRJET- Self Driving Car using Deep Q-LearningIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on developing a self-driving car prototype using deep reinforcement learning. The researchers used a deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm to train an agent to control a simulated car directly from sensor inputs like cameras. The DQN was able to successfully navigate the simulated environment and control the car without any knowledge of its dynamics. While the discrete state-space DQN achieved stable control, the researchers believe the work could be extended to use continuous action spaces to allow for varying speeds and improved reward functions. The document also provides background on deep learning, autonomous vehicles, and reviews related work applying reinforcement learning methods to autonomous driving tasks.
Automatic face and VLP’S recognition for smart parking systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
One of the concerning issues regarding smart city is Smart Parking. In Smart Parking, some
researchers try to provide solutions and breakthroughs on several research topics among security
systems, the availability of single space, an IoT framework, etc. In this study, we proposed a security
system on Smart Parking based on face recognition and VLP’s (Vehicle License Plates) identification. In
this research, SSIM (Structural Similarity) method as part of IQA has been applied due to its reliability and
simple computation for face detection and recognition process. From the test results of 30 data, obtained
the highest SSIM value 0.83 with the highest accuracy rate of 76.67%. That level of accuracy still has not
reached the implementation standard of 99.9%. So that it still needs to be improved in the future studies,
especially in the filtering noise section.
Statistics indicate that most road accidents occur due to a lack of time to react to instant traffic. This problem can be addressed with self-driving vehicles with the application of automated systems to detect such traffic events. The Autonomous Vehicle Navigation System (ATS) has been a standard in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and many Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) have been adopted to support these Advanced Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs). To develop these recognition systems for automated self-driving cars, it's important to monitor and operate in real-time traffic events. It requires the correct detection and response of traffic event an automated vehicle. In this paper proposed to develop such a system by applying image recognition to detect and respond to a road blocker by means of real-time distance measurement. To study the performance by measuring accuracy and precision of road blocker detection system and distance calculation, various experiments were conducted by using Shalom frame dataset and detection accuracy, precision of 99%, 100%, while distance calculation 97%, 99% has been achieved by this approach.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of smart traffic lights to prevent traffic congestion using fuzz...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
not been able to show the right time according to the existing traffic conditions. Time settings based on peak/off-peak traffic lights are not enough to handle unexpected situations. The fuzzy mamdani method makes decisions with several stages, the criteria used are the number of vehicles, the length of the queue and the width of the road to be able to optimize the time settings based on the real-time conditions required so that unwanted green signals (when there is no queue) can be avoided. The purpose of this research is to create a simulator to optimize traffic time management, so that the timers on each track have the intelligence to predict the right time, so that congestion at the intersection can be reduced by adding up to 15 seconds of green light from the previous time in the path of many vehicles.
Smart Car Parking System Using FPGA and E-ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart car parking system using FPGA and a mobile application. The system has three main parts: 1) an e-application that allows users to reserve parking spots in advance, 2) a number plate recognition system using image processing to identify vehicles, and 3) a parking area with sensors to detect available spots. The e-application collects vehicle and driver information to reserve spots by date and time. Number plate recognition identifies vehicles by separating, recognizing, and comparing characters on license plates to stored data. Sensors in the parking area detect available spots in real-time and guide drivers to their reserved spots.
The document discusses autonomous vehicles and the technologies that could enable their safe operation. It notes that over 30,000 fatalities in the US each year are caused by human error in vehicle operation. Research is examining how technologies like artificial neural networks and computer vision systems could allow machines to navigate vehicles more safely by identifying road features and controlling steering, acceleration and braking. However, some challenges remain like enabling depth perception and developing methods for machine braking without relying on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Filling research gaps could help optimize autonomous vehicle designs and lead to their integration while minimizing risks to human life.
A Novel Multiple License Plate Extraction Technique for Complex Background in...CSCJournals
License plate recognition (LPR) is one of the most important applications of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, location and extraction of the license plate is the key step. Hence finding the position of a license plate in a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an LPR system, and this in turn greatly affects the recognition rate and overall speed of the whole system. This paper mainly deals with the detecting license plate location issues in Indian traffic conditions. The vehicles in India sometimes bare extra textual regions such as owner’s name, symbols, popular sayings and advertisement boards in addition to license plate. Situation insists for accurate discrimination of text class and fine aspect ratio analysis. In addition to this additional care taken up in this paper is to extract license plate of motorcycle (size of plate is small and double row plate), car (single as well as double row type), transport system such as bus, truck, (dirty plates) as well as multiple license plates present in an image frame under consideration. Disparity of aspect ratios is a typical feature of Indian traffic. Proposed method aims at identifying region of interest by performing a sequence of directional segmentation and morphological processing. Always the first step is of contrast enhancement, which is accomplished by using sigmoid function. In the subsequent steps, connected component analysis followed by different filtering techniques like aspect ratio analysis and plate compatible filter technique is used to find exact license plate. The proposed method is tested on large database consisting of 750 images taken in different conditions. The algorithm could detect the license plate in 742 images with success rate of 99.2%.
Fuzzy Logic Model for Traffic CongestionIOSR Journals
Abstract: Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in the urban districts. This is mainly due to the
rapid increase in the number and the use of vehicles. Travel time, travel safety, environmental quality, and life
quality are all adversely affected by traffic congestion. Many traffic control systems have been developed and
installed to alleviate the problem with limited success. Traffic demands are still high and increasing. The main
focus of this report is to introduce a versatile fuzzy logic traffic flow model capable of making optimal traffic
predictions. This model can be used to evaluate various traffic-light timing plans. More importantly, it provides
a framework for implementing adaptive traffic signal controllers based on fuzzy logic technology. When
implemented it solved the problem of waiting time, travel cost, accident, traffic congestion.
Key words: Traffic Congestion, fuzzy logic, Traffic Density, fuzzy controller, conventional controller.
Top downloaded article in academia 2020 - International Journal of Informatio...Zac Darcy
The International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing. With the advances of Information Technology, there is an active multi-disciplinary research in the areas of IT, CSE, Modeling and Simulation with numerous applications in various fields. The International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) is an abstracted and indexed international journal of high quality devoted to the publication of original research papers from IT, Modeling, CSE and Control Engineering with some emphasis on all areas and subareas of computer science, IT, scientific modeling, simulation, visualization and control systems and their broad range of applications.
IRJET- Face Detection and Tracking Algorithm using Open CV with Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes a face detection and tracking algorithm using OpenCV with the Raspberry Pi. It discusses using the Haar cascade algorithm for face detection and tracking in real-time video streams from a Pi camera connected to a Raspberry Pi. The algorithm works in two modules - face detection using Haar features and integral images to quickly detect faces, followed by face tracking across subsequent video frames. The algorithm is tested on a Raspberry Pi to enable real-time face detection and tracking applications like security systems.
Intelligent Vehicular Safety System: A Novel Approach using IoT and CNN for A...IRJET Journal
This document describes an intelligent vehicular safety system that uses IoT and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for accident detection and rapid rescue. The system incorporates an MQ3 alcohol sensor to detect alcohol in a driver's system, an SW-420 vibration sensor to detect collisions, and uses the vehicle's front camera and CNN models to identify accidents in images. When an accident is detected, the vehicle's GPS location is sent via GSM to alert the nearest emergency services. If a driver is impaired, an alert is sent to emergency contacts. The system also monitors vehicle speed and alerts contacts if the speed limit is exceeded. The goal is to detect accidents quickly and facilitate rapid rescue to reduce accident fatalities.
IRJET- Identification of Crime and Accidental Area using IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a system to identify crime and accident-prone areas using IoT to improve traveler safety. The system would allow police to add accident and crime spots to a map based on location and assigned danger level. Using GPS, the system could notify travelers passing near high-risk areas via voice messages. The goal is to reduce accidents and crimes by making travelers aware of risky spots. The paper reviews existing accident detection systems and discusses how the proposed system aims to address their limitations such as always-on network requirements by leveraging IoT technologies like GPS and geofencing.
A multi-objective evolutionary scheme for control points deployment in intell...IJECEIAES
One of the problems that hinder emergency in developing countries is the problem of monitoring a number of activities on inter-urban roadway networks. In the literature, the use of control points is proposed in the context of these countries in order to ensure efficient monitoring, by ensuring a good coverage while minimizing the installation costs as well as the number of accidents across these road networks. In this work, we propose an optimal deployment of these control points from several optimization methods based on some evolutionary multi-objective algorithms: the Non dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II (NSGA-II); the multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO); the strength pareto evolutionary algorithm-II (SPEA-II); and the pareto envelope based selection algorithm-II (PESA-II). We performed the tests and compared these deployments using pareto front and performance indicators like the spread and hypervolume and the inverted generational distance (IGD). The results obtained show that the NSGA-II method is the most adequate in the deployment of these control points.
Real time deep-learning based traffic volume count for high-traffic urban art...Conference Papers
This document proposes and tests a deep learning-based system for real-time traffic volume counting on high-traffic urban arterial roads. Video clips from 4 camera views along arterial roads with estimated annual average daily traffic over 50,000 vehicles were used to test the system. The system achieved average accuracy rates between 93.84-97.68% across the camera views for 5 and 15-minute video clips. It was also able to process frames in real-time at an average of 37.27ms per frame. The proposed system provides an accurate and efficient method for traffic authorities to conduct traffic volume surveys on busy urban roads.
FRONT AND REAR VEHICLE DETECTION USING HYPOTHESIS GENERATION AND VERIFICATIONsipij
The document describes a method for front and rear vehicle detection using hypothesis generation and verification. In the hypothesis generation stage, potential vehicles are identified using shadow, texture, and symmetry clues. In the hypothesis verification stage, Pyramid Histograms of Oriented Gradients features are extracted and dimensionally reduced using PCA. Genetic algorithm and linear SVM are then used to improve feature performance and classification accuracy, achieving over 97% correct classification on test images.
IRJET- An Overview on Indian its & Foreign its to Develop its in Nagpur CityIRJET Journal
This document provides an overview of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) in India and Nagpur City. It discusses ITS developments in other countries like the US, Japan, and Europe. The objectives are to study overall ITS development globally and compare it to Nagpur's ITS. Components of ITS like advanced traffic management systems and advanced traveler information systems are described. Literature on ITS projects in various Indian cities is reviewed. Finally, the document analyzes fuel consumption and emissions reductions from implementing automatic signal synchronization on a corridor in Nagpur. Results show 1.5-2% reduced fuel use and decreases in CO and NOx emissions compared to the current system. In conclusion, ITS can help optimize Nagpur's transportation
A novel character segmentation reconstruction approach for license plate reco...Journal Papers
The document discusses a novel approach for license plate recognition that involves character segmentation through partial reconstruction and complete reconstruction for recognition. It aims to develop a system that can handle multiple adverse factors like low resolution, blurring, complex backgrounds, etc. that affect license plate images. The proposed approach uses characteristics of stroke width in the Laplacian and gradient domain to segment character components with incomplete shapes. It then studies the angular information and aspect ratios of character components to further segment characters. Finally, it uses the same stroke width properties to reconstruct the complete shape of each character for improved recognition rates. Experimental results on several benchmark and real-world databases demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
IRJET- Prediction of Traffic Signs for Automated Vehicles using Convolutional...IRJET Journal
This document describes a system for using convolutional neural networks to recognize traffic signs for automated vehicles. It begins with background on the problem of traffic accidents and how image recognition technology could help. The proposed system uses pre-processing like frame normalization and edge detection, followed by a convolutional neural network to match signs to a dataset. Fuzzy classification is then applied to improve accuracy. Challenges like processing time and accuracy are addressed by using more accurate filters and TensorFlow algorithms.
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science is an open access peer-reviewed international forum for scientists involved in research to publish quality and refereed papers. Papers reporting original research or experimentally proved review work are welcome. Papers for publication are selected through peer review to ensure originality, relevance, and readability.
IRJET- Traffic Sign Detection, Recognition and Notification System using ...IRJET Journal
This document presents a traffic sign detection, recognition, and notification system using Faster R-CNN. The system takes video input containing traffic signs and converts it to frames. Faster R-CNN with ROI pooling and a classifier is used to detect traffic signs. Color and shape information are then used to refine detections. A CNN classifier recognizes the signs. The system notifies drivers of detected signs via audio messages, helping drivers comply with signs even if ignored visually. The proposed detector detects all sign categories, and recognition accuracy on the German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark dataset exceeds 90% for 42 sign classes.
The document describes the development of a safety information system for unmanned railway level crossings in India using geographic information systems (GIS). Unmanned level crossings on the Shahdra-Shamli-Tapri railway route were surveyed using GPS to collect location data and characteristics. This data was stored and analyzed in a GIS database along with accident statistics from 2008-2013. A spatial map was created showing the railway lines, level crossings, roads, villages etc. as different layers. Queries could then identify accidental level crossings. The system aims to inform road users in advance about level crossing characteristics to increase safety awareness.
IRJET- Self Driving Car using Deep Q-LearningIRJET Journal
This document describes a study on developing a self-driving car prototype using deep reinforcement learning. The researchers used a deep Q-network (DQN) algorithm to train an agent to control a simulated car directly from sensor inputs like cameras. The DQN was able to successfully navigate the simulated environment and control the car without any knowledge of its dynamics. While the discrete state-space DQN achieved stable control, the researchers believe the work could be extended to use continuous action spaces to allow for varying speeds and improved reward functions. The document also provides background on deep learning, autonomous vehicles, and reviews related work applying reinforcement learning methods to autonomous driving tasks.
Automatic face and VLP’S recognition for smart parking systemTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
One of the concerning issues regarding smart city is Smart Parking. In Smart Parking, some
researchers try to provide solutions and breakthroughs on several research topics among security
systems, the availability of single space, an IoT framework, etc. In this study, we proposed a security
system on Smart Parking based on face recognition and VLP’s (Vehicle License Plates) identification. In
this research, SSIM (Structural Similarity) method as part of IQA has been applied due to its reliability and
simple computation for face detection and recognition process. From the test results of 30 data, obtained
the highest SSIM value 0.83 with the highest accuracy rate of 76.67%. That level of accuracy still has not
reached the implementation standard of 99.9%. So that it still needs to be improved in the future studies,
especially in the filtering noise section.
Statistics indicate that most road accidents occur due to a lack of time to react to instant traffic. This problem can be addressed with self-driving vehicles with the application of automated systems to detect such traffic events. The Autonomous Vehicle Navigation System (ATS) has been a standard in the Intelligent Transport System (ITS) and many Driver Assistance Systems (DAS) have been adopted to support these Advanced Autonomous Vehicles (IAVs). To develop these recognition systems for automated self-driving cars, it's important to monitor and operate in real-time traffic events. It requires the correct detection and response of traffic event an automated vehicle. In this paper proposed to develop such a system by applying image recognition to detect and respond to a road blocker by means of real-time distance measurement. To study the performance by measuring accuracy and precision of road blocker detection system and distance calculation, various experiments were conducted by using Shalom frame dataset and detection accuracy, precision of 99%, 100%, while distance calculation 97%, 99% has been achieved by this approach.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of smart traffic lights to prevent traffic congestion using fuzz...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
not been able to show the right time according to the existing traffic conditions. Time settings based on peak/off-peak traffic lights are not enough to handle unexpected situations. The fuzzy mamdani method makes decisions with several stages, the criteria used are the number of vehicles, the length of the queue and the width of the road to be able to optimize the time settings based on the real-time conditions required so that unwanted green signals (when there is no queue) can be avoided. The purpose of this research is to create a simulator to optimize traffic time management, so that the timers on each track have the intelligence to predict the right time, so that congestion at the intersection can be reduced by adding up to 15 seconds of green light from the previous time in the path of many vehicles.
Smart Car Parking System Using FPGA and E-ApplicationIRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart car parking system using FPGA and a mobile application. The system has three main parts: 1) an e-application that allows users to reserve parking spots in advance, 2) a number plate recognition system using image processing to identify vehicles, and 3) a parking area with sensors to detect available spots. The e-application collects vehicle and driver information to reserve spots by date and time. Number plate recognition identifies vehicles by separating, recognizing, and comparing characters on license plates to stored data. Sensors in the parking area detect available spots in real-time and guide drivers to their reserved spots.
The document discusses autonomous vehicles and the technologies that could enable their safe operation. It notes that over 30,000 fatalities in the US each year are caused by human error in vehicle operation. Research is examining how technologies like artificial neural networks and computer vision systems could allow machines to navigate vehicles more safely by identifying road features and controlling steering, acceleration and braking. However, some challenges remain like enabling depth perception and developing methods for machine braking without relying on vehicle-to-vehicle communication. Filling research gaps could help optimize autonomous vehicle designs and lead to their integration while minimizing risks to human life.
A Novel Multiple License Plate Extraction Technique for Complex Background in...CSCJournals
License plate recognition (LPR) is one of the most important applications of applying computer techniques towards intelligent transportation systems (ITS). In order to recognize a license plate efficiently, location and extraction of the license plate is the key step. Hence finding the position of a license plate in a vehicle image is considered to be the most crucial step of an LPR system, and this in turn greatly affects the recognition rate and overall speed of the whole system. This paper mainly deals with the detecting license plate location issues in Indian traffic conditions. The vehicles in India sometimes bare extra textual regions such as owner’s name, symbols, popular sayings and advertisement boards in addition to license plate. Situation insists for accurate discrimination of text class and fine aspect ratio analysis. In addition to this additional care taken up in this paper is to extract license plate of motorcycle (size of plate is small and double row plate), car (single as well as double row type), transport system such as bus, truck, (dirty plates) as well as multiple license plates present in an image frame under consideration. Disparity of aspect ratios is a typical feature of Indian traffic. Proposed method aims at identifying region of interest by performing a sequence of directional segmentation and morphological processing. Always the first step is of contrast enhancement, which is accomplished by using sigmoid function. In the subsequent steps, connected component analysis followed by different filtering techniques like aspect ratio analysis and plate compatible filter technique is used to find exact license plate. The proposed method is tested on large database consisting of 750 images taken in different conditions. The algorithm could detect the license plate in 742 images with success rate of 99.2%.
Fuzzy Logic Model for Traffic CongestionIOSR Journals
Abstract: Traffic congestion has become a serious problem in the urban districts. This is mainly due to the
rapid increase in the number and the use of vehicles. Travel time, travel safety, environmental quality, and life
quality are all adversely affected by traffic congestion. Many traffic control systems have been developed and
installed to alleviate the problem with limited success. Traffic demands are still high and increasing. The main
focus of this report is to introduce a versatile fuzzy logic traffic flow model capable of making optimal traffic
predictions. This model can be used to evaluate various traffic-light timing plans. More importantly, it provides
a framework for implementing adaptive traffic signal controllers based on fuzzy logic technology. When
implemented it solved the problem of waiting time, travel cost, accident, traffic congestion.
Key words: Traffic Congestion, fuzzy logic, Traffic Density, fuzzy controller, conventional controller.
Top downloaded article in academia 2020 - International Journal of Informatio...Zac Darcy
The International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) is an open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes articles which contribute new results in all areas of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing. With the advances of Information Technology, there is an active multi-disciplinary research in the areas of IT, CSE, Modeling and Simulation with numerous applications in various fields. The International Journal of Information Technology, Modeling and Computing (IJITMC) is an abstracted and indexed international journal of high quality devoted to the publication of original research papers from IT, Modeling, CSE and Control Engineering with some emphasis on all areas and subareas of computer science, IT, scientific modeling, simulation, visualization and control systems and their broad range of applications.
IRJET- Face Detection and Tracking Algorithm using Open CV with Raspberry PiIRJET Journal
This document describes a face detection and tracking algorithm using OpenCV with the Raspberry Pi. It discusses using the Haar cascade algorithm for face detection and tracking in real-time video streams from a Pi camera connected to a Raspberry Pi. The algorithm works in two modules - face detection using Haar features and integral images to quickly detect faces, followed by face tracking across subsequent video frames. The algorithm is tested on a Raspberry Pi to enable real-time face detection and tracking applications like security systems.
Intelligent Vehicular Safety System: A Novel Approach using IoT and CNN for A...IRJET Journal
This document describes an intelligent vehicular safety system that uses IoT and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for accident detection and rapid rescue. The system incorporates an MQ3 alcohol sensor to detect alcohol in a driver's system, an SW-420 vibration sensor to detect collisions, and uses the vehicle's front camera and CNN models to identify accidents in images. When an accident is detected, the vehicle's GPS location is sent via GSM to alert the nearest emergency services. If a driver is impaired, an alert is sent to emergency contacts. The system also monitors vehicle speed and alerts contacts if the speed limit is exceeded. The goal is to detect accidents quickly and facilitate rapid rescue to reduce accident fatalities.
IRJET- Identification of Crime and Accidental Area using IoTIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a system to identify crime and accident-prone areas using IoT to improve traveler safety. The system would allow police to add accident and crime spots to a map based on location and assigned danger level. Using GPS, the system could notify travelers passing near high-risk areas via voice messages. The goal is to reduce accidents and crimes by making travelers aware of risky spots. The paper reviews existing accident detection systems and discusses how the proposed system aims to address their limitations such as always-on network requirements by leveraging IoT technologies like GPS and geofencing.
Research on object detection and recognition using machine learning algorithm...YousefElbayomi
This document discusses research on using machine learning and deep learning for object detection. It examines applications in autonomous vehicles, image detection for agriculture, and credit card fraud detection. For autonomous vehicles, deep learning is discussed for object identification and perception, though speed and real-world performance need improvement. Image detection for agriculture uses feature extraction and machine learning for automatic fruit identification. Credit card fraud detection uses ensemble methods like LightGBM, XGBoost and CatBoost on preprocessed transaction data to identify fraudulent transactions. The document evaluates different approaches and their challenges for these applications of object detection.
After 1970, road accidents were increased suddenly, mainly due to the increase in the number of
vehicles on the road. The 11% of the world's accidents are happening in India, so we need to think more towards
reducing the accidents and reducing the number of deaths for which the Mobile Communicative Prototype can
play the important role. A survey on 100 peoples is carried out for checking the awareness and rating of the
automobile safety devices. Mobile Communicative Prototype is designed and developed in the project lab and
experimentally investigated the responses. Only after a few seconds of accident, the alert system delivered the
message of the accident to the emergency number, so that the people injured in the accident can get medical help
immediately. The cost of the retrofitting is approximately 100USD, which is very low 1-2% of the cost of the
vehicle. It is also stated that the energy consumption of the retrofit is very low. This can also help in reducing the
speed of vehicles.
IRJET - Automobile Black Box System for Vehicle Accident AnalysisIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using an automobile black box system to analyze vehicle accidents. It proposes using sensors like temperature, humidity, and gas sensors mounted on a Raspberry Pi 3 to continuously monitor vehicle and driver conditions. Video and location data would also be collected from external cameras and GPS. All sensor data would be stored on an SD card for retrieval after an accident occurs. The goal is to analyze accidents more accurately by objectively recording what happened leading up to the accident. This could help prevent future accidents by identifying risky driver behaviors from the collected data.
This document summarizes research on analyzing driving safety risks using naturalistic driving data. Key points:
- Researchers analyzed potential crash data from over 6,000 drivers, which included vehicle status, driving environment, road type, weather, and driver details. About 6% of drivers were identified as high-risk and 18% as high/moderate risk.
- Factors found to have a strong relationship with high-risk driving included speed during braking, age, personality traits, and environmental conditions.
- The results indicate that identifying and predicting high-risk drivers could help greatly in developing proactive driver training programs and safety countermeasures.
1. The document proposes an automated system to detect motorcyclists without helmets using CCTV footage and generate e-challans.
2. It uses YOLOv3 object detection to classify moving objects as motorcycles, locate the head, and classify as helmeted or not. Number plates of non-helmeted riders are extracted using OCR.
3. If no helmet is detected, an e-challan is automatically generated with offender details by searching a central database and sent via message, mail or post. This reduces human intervention compared to manual monitoring.
Automatic Traffic Rules Violation Control and Vehicle Theft Detection Using D...IRJET Journal
The document describes a proposed system to automatically detect traffic rule violations and stolen vehicles using deep learning techniques. Video from CCTV cameras placed around the city would be input to the system. It would use YOLOv5 and CNN models to detect vehicles, identify violations like speeding or wrong lane use, and detect stolen vehicles by recognizing license plates. If a violation or stolen vehicle is detected, the system would extract the license plate number and notify the nearby police station so further action can be taken. The goal is to help control traffic and reduce accidents through automatic monitoring that does not require much human resources or involvement.
Smart Traffic Congestion Control System: Leveraging Machine Learning for Urba...IRJET Journal
This document proposes a smart traffic congestion control system that leverages machine learning technologies like CNNs, YOLOv4, LSTM, and PPO to optimize traffic flow in urban environments. The system aims to dynamically adjust signal timings in real-time using data analysis and predictive modeling from cameras and sensors. Convolutional neural networks are used for congestion detection from camera images, while YOLOv4 performs object detection to ensure safety. LSTM networks capture temporal traffic data for predictions, and PPO optimizes signal timings based on current conditions. The system has potential to revolutionize traffic management by intelligently reducing congestion through data-driven decision making.
This document discusses various methods that have been proposed for detecting vehicle accidents using video analysis and machine learning techniques. It reviews 17 different research papers that tested approaches using convolutional neural networks, bidirectional LSTM, Gaussian mixture models, and other algorithms to analyze frames from videos in order to identify accidents. The papers evaluated methods for detecting vehicle collisions, extracting vehicle trajectories, recognizing abnormal traffic events, and alerting emergency services when accidents were identified. Overall, the document provides an overview of the state-of-the-art in using computer vision and deep learning for automatic accident detection from video footage.
This document summarizes an embedded system-based robotic vehicle protection project using STISIM driving simulation software. Key aspects include:
- The project uses sensors like temperature, fuel level, speed and limit switches connected to an ATMEGA microcontroller to monitor a vehicle. If any abnormal readings are detected, the microcontroller transmits the data via GSM to a monitoring PC.
- STISIM driving simulation software is used to simulate the vehicle, sensors and monitoring system for testing purposes. It provides a real-time simulated experience.
- In the event of an accident, theft or abnormal behavior, the system can locate the vehicle using GPS, stop it using relays, and provide data to police for
This document summarizes an embedded system-based project for vehicle protection using STISIM driving simulation software. The project uses sensors to monitor a vehicle's temperature, fuel level, speed, and other parameters. If any parameters exceed safe thresholds, the microcontroller will send an alert to authorities using GSM. The monitoring unit receives the alerts using a modem connected to a PC. STISIM simulation software is used to provide a realistic driving experience to help prevent accidents and investigate incidents. The overall goal is to increase vehicle and road safety through monitoring and accident prevention/investigation capabilities.
IRJET - Accident Intimation System using Image ProcessingIRJET Journal
The document proposes an accident intimation system using image processing to detect accidents from traffic surveillance camera footage using a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm. If an accident is detected, a simple mail transfer protocol (SMTP) server would notify the nearest hospital to reduce delays in medical attention. The system aims to decrease accidental deaths by quickly detecting accidents and alerting hospitals without human intervention.
Vehicle security system using ARM controllerIOSRJECE
Road accidents are a human tragedy. This involves high human suffering and pecuniary costs in terms of untimely sudden death, injuries and loss of inherent income. In this paper, a system is proposed where the main objective is to detect road signs from a moving vehicle and also enables intelligent detection of an accident at any place and reports about the accident on predefined numbers of dear one .The system will use one signal transmitter in each and every symbol or message board at road side and whenever any vehicle passes from that symbol the receiver situated inside the vehicle i.e. In-Car System will receive the signals and display proper message or the symbol details on display connected in car. Road Traffic Sign Detection is a technology by which a vehicle is able to recognize the traffic signs which are on the road e.g. ”speed limit” or ”school” or ”turn ahead”. This infrastructure is expected to deliver multiple road safety and driving assistance applications
IRJET - Unmanned Traffic Signal Monitoring SystemIRJET Journal
This document describes a proposed unmanned traffic signal monitoring system that uses image processing and computer vision techniques. A camera would be installed alongside traffic lights to capture images of the road. Image processing would be used to calculate traffic density in real-time based on the images in order to dynamically switch the traffic light signals according to vehicle congestion. The system aims to reduce traffic congestion by minimizing the time green lights are on for empty roads. It would also detect ambulances using ZigBee transmission and switch all traffic lights to green to clear a path for emergency vehicles.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes an accident detection and emergency response system utilizing IoT (Internet of Things). The system uses sensors on a smartphone to detect if an accident has occurred. It then determines the user's location using GPS and sends this location to nearby hospitals and the user's emergency contacts. This allows emergency services to quickly locate and assist the injured user. The system was developed using Android Studio and utilizes Java and XML programming languages. It analyzes how IoT can help improve intelligent transportation systems by enabling real-time accident detection and emergency response.
IRJET- Smart Vehicle with Crash Detection and Emergency Vehicle Dispatch with...IRJET Journal
This document describes a smart vehicle system that detects vehicle crashes and dispatches emergency services. The system has two main parts: 1) crash detection and location identification, and 2) efficient traffic control for emergency vehicles. The first part uses sensors to detect crashes and obtain location and passenger health data from GPS and pulse sensors, sending this information via GSM to emergency services. The second part uses RFID to control traffic signals and prioritize lanes for approaching emergency response vehicles to reach the crash site more quickly. The overall goal is to minimize response times and reduce transportation accident deaths.
IRJET- Accident Information Mining and Insurance Dispute ResolutionIRJET Journal
This document proposes a system to provide a centralized database for road accident information to help with insurance claims. The system would collect data from police reports on accident victims, medical forms, and other documents. It would apply k-means clustering to analyze the data and identify high-risk locations, accident ratios in different areas, and common causes of accidents. The results would be made available to users and police authorities. Association rule learning using the Apriori algorithm would also be used to determine common factors associated with accidents. The goal is to help reduce accidents by 24% by predicting risks and notifying users.
Abstract—This paper provides a brief overview of the Intelligent Traffic Management System based on Artificial
Neural Networks (ANN). It is being utilized to enhance the present traffic management system and human resource
reliance. The most basic problem with the current traffic lights is their dependency on humans for their working.
The technologies used in the making of this automated traffic lights are Internet of Things, Machine Learning and
Artificial Intelligence. The basic steps used in Internet of Things are reported along with different ANN trainings.
This ANN model can be used for the minimization of traffic on roads and less waiting time at traffic lights. As a
result, we can make traffic lights more automated which in turn eventually deceases our dependency on human
resources
A novel real time video and data capture of vehicular accident in intelligent...IJCNCJournal
- The document proposes a novel scheme for real-time video and data capture of vehicular accidents in intelligent transportation systems.
- The scheme involves an in-vehicle system that alternates between two video files every 5 minutes to record video using a small storage size. When an accident is detected, it stops recording and saves the video.
- It also proposes a real-time video and data capture scheme where the vehicle streams video and sensor data to a remote ITS server in real-time. The server records this information using the same approach as the in-vehicle system to efficiently store accident data.
Similar to Survey of accident detection systems (20)
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This document discusses the importance of leadership in leading an organization towards improvement and development. It states that leadership is responsible for providing a clear vision and strategy to successfully achieve that vision. Effective leadership can impact the success of an organization by controlling its direction and motivating employees. Leadership is different from traditional management in that it guides employees towards organizational goals through open communication and motivation, rather than simply directing work. The paper concludes that only leadership can lead an organization to change according to its evolving environment, while management may simply follow old rules. Leadership is key to adapting to new market needs and trends.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
The document summarizes research on a nano composite polymer gel electrolyte containing SiO2 nanoparticles. Key points:
1. Polyvinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene polymer was used as the base polymer mixed with propylene carbonate, magnesium perchlorate, and SiO2 nanoparticles to synthesize the nano composite polymer gel electrolyte.
2. The electrolyte was characterized using XRD, SEM, and FTIR which confirmed the homogeneous dispersion of SiO2 nanoparticles and increased amorphous nature of the electrolyte, enhancing its ion conductivity.
3. XRD showed decreased crystallinity and disappearance of polymer peaks upon addition of SiO2. SEM revealed
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
Digital Twins Computer Networking Paper Presentation.pptxaryanpankaj78
A Digital Twin in computer networking is a virtual representation of a physical network, used to simulate, analyze, and optimize network performance and reliability. It leverages real-time data to enhance network management, predict issues, and improve decision-making processes.
Accident detection system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
The Rapid growth of technology and infrastructure has made our lives easier. The
advent of technology has also increased the traffic hazards and the road accidents take place
frequently which causes huge loss of life and property because of the poor emergency facilities.
Many lives could have been saved if emergency service could get accident information and
reach in time. Our project will provide an optimum solution to this draw back. A piezo electric
sensor can be used as a crash or rollover detector of the vehicle during and after a crash. With
signals from a piezo electric sensor, a severe accident can be recognized. According to this
project when a vehicle meets with an accident immediately piezo electric sensor will detect the
signal or if a car rolls over. Then with the help of GSM module and GPS module, the location
will be sent to the emergency contact. Then after conforming the location necessary action will
be taken. If the person meets with a small accident or if there is no serious threat to anyone’s
life, then the alert message can be terminated by the driver by a switch provided in order to
avoid wasting the valuable time of the medical rescue team.
Build the Next Generation of Apps with the Einstein 1 Platform.
Rejoignez Philippe Ozil pour une session de workshops qui vous guidera à travers les détails de la plateforme Einstein 1, l'importance des données pour la création d'applications d'intelligence artificielle et les différents outils et technologies que Salesforce propose pour vous apporter tous les bénéfices de l'IA.
Blood finder application project report (1).pdfKamal Acharya
Blood Finder is an emergency time app where a user can search for the blood banks as
well as the registered blood donors around Mumbai. This application also provide an
opportunity for the user of this application to become a registered donor for this user have
to enroll for the donor request from the application itself. If the admin wish to make user
a registered donor, with some of the formalities with the organization it can be done.
Specialization of this application is that the user will not have to register on sign-in for
searching the blood banks and blood donors it can be just done by installing the
application to the mobile.
The purpose of making this application is to save the user’s time for searching blood of
needed blood group during the time of the emergency.
This is an android application developed in Java and XML with the connectivity of
SQLite database. This application will provide most of basic functionality required for an
emergency time application. All the details of Blood banks and Blood donors are stored
in the database i.e. SQLite.
This application allowed the user to get all the information regarding blood banks and
blood donors such as Name, Number, Address, Blood Group, rather than searching it on
the different websites and wasting the precious time. This application is effective and
user friendly.
Height and depth gauge linear metrology.pdfq30122000
Height gauges may also be used to measure the height of an object by using the underside of the scriber as the datum. The datum may be permanently fixed or the height gauge may have provision to adjust the scale, this is done by sliding the scale vertically along the body of the height gauge by turning a fine feed screw at the top of the gauge; then with the scriber set to the same level as the base, the scale can be matched to it. This adjustment allows different scribers or probes to be used, as well as adjusting for any errors in a damaged or resharpened probe.
We have designed & manufacture the Lubi Valves LBF series type of Butterfly Valves for General Utility Water applications as well as for HVAC applications.
This presentation is about Food Delivery Systems and how they are developed using the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) and other methods. It explains the steps involved in creating a food delivery app, from planning and designing to testing and launching. The slide also covers different tools and technologies used to make these systems work efficiently.
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
1
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
Survey of accident detection systems
Raj Shah1, Heena Shaikh2 , Devashish Shetty3, Dr. Tatwadarshi
Nagarhalli4
1(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: 17301045raj@viva-technology.org
2(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: 17305006heena@viva-technology.org
3(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University, India)
Email:17301059devashish@viva-technology.org
4(Department of Computer Engineering, Mumbai University,
India) Email: tatwadarshipn@viva-technology.org
Abstract: Vehicle accidents are by all accounts appalling and frightening occasions occurring which
cause various deaths. As the number of accidents per year is increasing tremendously and so the lives
affected by accidents. There are traditional ways to help the needy or the victim that is informing the
right authority but needs assistance or help from others, but this tends to take ample of time and due to it
could cost lives. So there is a need to develop an accident detection system that would detect and alert the
proper authorities about the accident. The sudden assistance to the alert would in return lead to saving
as many lives as possible. Many researchers have analyzed this technique using Convolutional neural
network, HDNN, RCNN, etc. This paper will give us an overview of various techniques or methods that
are used to detect accidents.
Keywords- Accident detection system, Convolutional neural network, HDNN, RCNN.
I. INTRODUCTION
In the report of NCBI [1], it is clearly stated that there have been 464,910 accidents claimed and also
it had been stated that there are daily 405 deaths and 1290 injuries thanks to road accidents. Also quite 30% of
those deaths are thanks to late medication or late awareness of the accident. The worldwide economic loss
caused by road traffic accidents annually is estimated at 518 billion US dollars [2]. With the increase in the
vehicles, the accidents due to vehicles have also been increased. As since the accident is detected through
traditional information and communication technologies, Ad hoc Networks and random forest Classifier [11].
But now with the help of machine learning and deep learning-based techniques, various models are being
implemented for the detection of vehicle accidents and their severity with the help of a considerable amount of
footage and images. Since accident rates are increasing rapidly, there is an urgent need for researchers to
develop a system that would detect such accidents through videos. This paper focuses on various techniques like
the deep learning-based RCNN model [6][7][8][12], CNN model [9][13]. Also, many different approaches
such as considering the manipulation in the edge detection [5], GPS module [14].
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
Md. Farhan Labib, et.al. [3], Analysis has been done, by using Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbors
(KNN), Naïve Bayes, and AdaBoost these four supervised learning techniques, the severity of
accidents into Fatal, Grievous, easy Injury and Motor Collision these four classes. Eventually, the
least complex execution is accomplished by AdaBoost. In this paper, the author characterized the
force of accidents into four categories Fatal, Grievous, Simple Injury, and Motor Collision. To sort
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
2
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
the seriousness of accidents in these four classes, eleven primary factors that influence the most
extreme number of accidents in Bangladesh are chosen as the features. Previously occurred, virtually
forty-three thousand traffic accidents knowledge in People's Republic of Bangladesh from 2001 to
2015 area unit used as our learning materials. Among these four techniques best performance is
achieved by AdaBoost and its accuracy was 80 percent. The machine learning concept remains
within the formative stage here. In the paper, the authors proposed a way to detect the likelihood of
accidents on the road by using vision-based techniques.
Nikhil Sharma, Rajat Rathi, et.al.[4], Loop detectors and automatic Vehicle Location sensors are
tools that may sensor real-life traffic but the installation of those tools on urban roads may be a myth.
As large-scale expertise in traffic, modelling isn't required therefore data driven techniques are
approximately faster to create. With a really large dataset of images, at some point it's
difficult to realize high accuracy and hence Researchers proposed to make some new layers of
net then integrate them with the old layer’s architecture net. this HDNN hybrid model of
CNN and SVM model. HDNN was applied on two datasets one among images of traffic
conditions and second of road accidents in India from different areas. The information set of
traffic pictures consists of categorical data, distributed in four categories: Dense Traffic, distributed
Traffic, Accidents and fireplace. On the dataset of traffic images, they applied convolutional layers
with activation function, the main purpose of convolution layers is to seek out features in images
using feature detectors. After every convolutional layer applied a pooling layer to preserve features
from any quiet distortions and Flatten layer which reduces all dimensions of input to at least one
dimension. Then the flattened matrix goes through a totally connected layer for classification of
traffic flow.
Elijah Blessing Rajsingh, Salaja Silas, et.al.[5] ,Accident images are the significant data for
analysing the severity of collision in road accidents.Edge detection algorithms locate the
significant change of pixel intensity so as to spot the objects in a picture. the sides are
typically the border line among different regions in a picture. The challenge of an edge
detection algorithm is to stipulate the important edges appropriately and have less possibility
of erroneously considering the non- edges as a foothold. Filtering eliminates the unwanted
noise from a picture and scale image coordinates. Image enhancement provides better contrast
and more detailed information about the image than the original image.Image enhancement is
performed by computing gradient magnitude. The desirable edge detection algorithms satisfy the
subsequent criteria Good detection: the probability of neglecting real edges must be minimal. Good
localization: the sting detected by the sting detection algorithm must be on the brink of the important
edges. Minimal response: it must return just one response for every true edge. Therefore the
performance of those algorithms were evaluated in terms of PSNR (Peak signal to noise ratio) and
MSE(Mean square error). Higher the PSNR value and lower the MSE value indicate the specified
edge detection algorithm. The experimental results show that the Sobel edge detection algorithm is
acceptable for edge detection in the accident images.
Kyu Beom Lee, Hyu Soung Shin [6] Object Detection and Tracking System (ODTS) along with a
notable deep learning organization, Faster Regional Convolution Neural Organization (Faster R-
CNN), for detection and chase algorithmic rule square measure attending to be introduced and
applied for automatic detection and watching of sudden events on CCTVs in tunnels, that square
measure possible to (1) Wrong-Way Driving (WWD), (2) Stop, (3) Person out of an automotive
vehicle in tunnel (4) hearth. ODTS accepts a video frame time as associate degree input to urge
Bounding Box (BBox) results by Object Detection and compares the BBoxs of this and former video
frames to assign a unique identification number to every moving and object to be detected. This
framework makes it conceivable to follow a moving object in time, which isn't normal to be
accomplished in conventional object detection frameworks. Deep learning model in ODTS was
prepared with a dataset of event images in tunnels to Average Precision (AP) estimations of 0.8479,
0.7161, and 0.9085 for target objects: Car, Person, and Fire, etc At that point, supported trained deep
learning model, the ODTS based tunnels surveillance accidents Identification framework was tried
3. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
3
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utilizing four accident recordings which including every accident. This object following technology
has been with success utilized for the tracing of targeted pedestrian and also the moving vehicle,
accident observation in traffic camera, criminal and security observation within the sure native space
of concern
Murugan. V, Vijaykumar V.R, and Nidhila. A. [7] , The object detection technique is Gaussian
Mixture Model (GMM) The outcome of the detection is the intended region of interest, i.e. moving
vehicles are the proposed region of interest, which were identified using background subtraction
framework. Identification of these regions of interest from the input frames defines the region
proposals in the region based CNN(Convolutional neural network). and the detected vehicles are
recognized as variant classes using an SVM classifier. The efficiency of this algorithm is evaluated
by determining the deviation in pixel values concerning ground truth pixels. Background subtraction
is one of the most promising algorithms, which is then followed by kalman tracking and
recognition by using the ANFIS classifier. Deep learning framework RCNN is used for the
recognition of various classes of vehicles. RCNN architecture includes three major phases i.
Capturing the region proposal. ii. CNN layers for feature extraction iii. Classifying the regions
to recognize the variant classes. Performance metric values acquired show the proficiency of the
RCNN with the state of art techniques.
Vipul Gaurav, Sanyam Kumar Singh, et.al.[8],the system provides a whole resolution to a distinctive,
police investigation and mitigating concerning accidents and additionally provides the feasibility study to
spot accident-prone areas across the Republic of India. The regression model outperformed its counterparts
to predict the number of potential accidents that will occur in ANy given state across the Republic of
India with an accuracy of 80- ninetieth. The image segmentation of the accidents is handled by the cloaked
R-CNN model that gives correct instance segmentation higher than the quick R-CNN model which will
provide solely linguistic segmentation and can't differentiate between the categories.The author
experimented with numerous image augmentation techniques and located watershed segmentation and
smart edge detection to be appropriate for distinctive the region of interest of any automotive accident
pictures or footage. They additionally created the use of electric shock sensors in extremely prone areas
wherever the frequency of accidents is extraordinarily high like Mumbai-Pune main road to observe the
shock generated throughout a collision and this acts as an additional validation step in predicting the
prevalence of road accidents with high severity.The alert system is predicated on the outputs of the image
segmentation, electricity sensors, and also the accident severity classification model that is integrable
with any monitor. This method offers America an inspiration that whereas detection of car Rcnn
incorporates a higher edge over quick Rcnn the accuracy or rcnn detects well as compared to quick Rcnn.
Bulbula Kumeda, Zhang Fengli, et.al.[9] , the detection of accidents and potential algorithms for self
acting image processing CNN is used. Tasks like determining the objects in an image, image localization,
and other pattern acknowledging tasks.Grouping of images using CNN techniques and categorize images
into classes that are Accident, Traffic, Flame, and low traffic. To identify the incidence of the accident,
various classes like drunk and drive, month, and weather during the accident, human factors, and light
conditions, etc are considered. Task perform,i.e used a traffic accident image dataset called Traffic-Net.
The CNN layer is the main block of CNN. The layer consists of neurons that appear for particular features
which will later make the neurons more active.
These determine the characteristics of the given image parameters like filters and kernel are
associated.Relu layer is known as the rectified linear unit which is the next step to the convolution layer.
The fully connected layer which connects the entire series of all layers. In this way, CNN works for the
detection of accidents through a dataset. From the images, the training loss could be seen depicting the
converges of the cost function. Miao Chong, Ajith Abraham et.al.[10] , the purpose that industry has tried
to set up and build safer cars, however traffic accidents are inevitable. Thus for these issues several
approaches like a neural network, nesting logic formulation, log-linear model, fuzzy ART maps. Neural
networks trained by mistreatment the hybrid learning approaches, support vector machines, call trees, and
a synchronic hybrid model involving call trees and neural networks. In a hybrid learning approach, a
4. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) may be a feed forward neural network with one or additional hidden layers.
The network consists of an associate degree input layer of supply neurons, a minimum of one or additional
hidden layer of machine neurons, associate degree an output layer of machine neurons.The input layer
accepts input signals and redistributes these signals to all neurons in the hidden layer. The output layer
accepts a stimulus pattern from the hidden layer and generates the output pattern of the entire network.
Decision tree algorithm used a Classification and Regression Trees (CART) model which consists of a
hierarchy of univariate binary decisions. Hybrid decision trees integrate different learning models and give
efficient performance than the individual learning or decision-making models by decreasing their
individual limitations and exploiting their different mechanisms.
Nejdet Dogru, Abdulhamit Subasi [11],Real-time traffic management system which employs IoT
devices and sensors to collect real-time traffic information. The collected traffic data are then used to
analyze traffic density .ANNs motive to duplicate the behavior of a real neural network which consists
of large number of interconnected neurons.Support vector machines (SVMs) are recently developed and
attracting attention from researchers because of their notable accuracy and ability to manage with large
and high dimensional data sets. Random forest (RF) is a data mining tool to solve classification and
regression related mathematical problems.The performance of RF algorithm, in terms of its accuracy,
was found superior to ANN and SVM algorithms.
Helen Rose Mampilayil, Rahamathullah K.[12] ,The paper proposes a system which automatically
detects the one-way traffic rule violation without the assistance of human beings. The proposed
system can detect the 3 wheeler automobiles which violates the one-way traffic rule. Modules of the
proposed system are capturing the input stream, pre-processing the video, 3 wheeler vehicle
detection and tracking and finally the direction calculation. The input video stream from the digital
camera that's constant on the roadside. It is needed to initialize the route of the traffic so one can
detect the incorrect route of vehicles. In the pre-processing step the input video is transformed into
frames for video processing. Deep learning approach can be used to detect 3 wheeler vehicles and to
identify the one-way traffic rule violation. The trajectory factors of the vehicle are used to decide the
direction to which the vehicle is moving. If the route is opposite to the one-way traffic direction,
then it may be taken into consideration as rule violation.
Monagi H. Alkinani, Wazir Zada Khan, et.al.[13] , This paper talks about the reasons and consequences
of any other human volatile conduct known as Aggressive Driving behaviour (ADB). Aggressive driving
Behaviour (ADB) is an extensive organization of risky and competitive using patterns that result in
severe accidents. Human abnormal driving behaviours are affected by various factors including drivers
experience/inexperience of driving, age, and gender or illness. The study of these elements which
could result in deterioration in the driving skills and overall performance of a human driver is out of the
scope of this paper. After describing the history of deep learning and its algorithms, it presents an
in-depth research of latest deep learning-based systems, algorithms, and strategies for the detection of
Distraction, Fatigue/Drowsiness,and Aggressiveness of a human driver, achieves a complete knowledge
of HDIADB detection through offering an in depth comparative analysis of all the latest strategies.
Moreover, it highlights the essential requirements.
Siddharth Tripathi, Uthsav Shetty, et.al.[14] ,In this paper an intelligent device known as CBITS
has been proposed. It is like a Holistic method as it's far properly ready with a network of
sensors that offer real-time emission tiers as properly because it signals. .A Unique Vehicle
Identification Number can be assigned to each automobile via which the motors are recognized
through the tracking authorities. The collective statistics can be shared to the cloud the usage of the Wi-
Fi port of Raspberry Pi. CBITS is a relatively powerful, real-time, mild weight, reliable, low-power
consuming and a value effective device for the automobile-proprietors in addition to the tracking
government. GSM and GPS modules are used for sharing the location to the cloud. Raspberry Pi (B
Plus) is the motherboard used, which has 40 GPIO pins and four USB slots which makes the interfacing
easy. CBITS combines the different processes into one single and holistic device in addition to its
functionalities which show to be highly value-effective and fast responding. CBITS makes use of the
cloud-computing platform known as Thingspeak, beneath the class of Software as a Service (SaaS).
5. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
5
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III. ANALYSIS TABLE
Table 1 shows the analysis of survey of the existing system by stating the
Title of Paper, Technology Used, Dataset used and Accuracy.
Table 1 analysis survey of the existing system
Sr.
No.
Title of Paper Technology Used Datasets Accuracy
1 Road Accident
Analysis and
Prediction of
Accident Severity
by Using Machine
Learning in
Bangladesh[3]
AdaBoost ARI of BUET
(Accident Research
Institute of
Bangladesh
University of
Engineering and
Technology
80%
2 Traffic Density
Investigation &
Road Accident
Analysis in India
using Deep
Learning.[4]
HDNN Images of
four different
traffic
scenarios
0.7429(epoch1)
0.7830(epoch5)
3 Performance
Analysis of Edge
Detection
Algorithms for
Object Detection
in Accident
Images.[5]
Sobel edge detection Images of various
accidents
MSE:- 197.77
PSNR:- 50.368
4 An application
of a deep
learning
algorithm for
automatic
detection of
unexpected
accidents under
bad CCTV
monitoring
conditions in
tunnels.[6]
Faster R-CNN This dataset is
composed of 70,914
video images by
dividing 45 videos
into frames.
Ranging from 0.7
to 0.8
5 A Deep
Learning R-CNN
Approach for
Vehicle
Recognition in
Traffic
Surveillance
System[7]
R-CNN 3 types of dataset
with their frame
counts
80%-90%
6. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
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6 Accident
Detection,
Severity
Masked Rcnn Provided by the
Government of
80%-90%
Prediction,
Identification of
Accident Prone
Areas in India and
Feasibility Study
using Improved
Image
Segmentation,
Machine Learning
and Sensors[8]
India
7 Vehicle accident
and traffic
classification
usingDeep
Convolutional
Neural Network
[9]
CNN Traffic Net Approx 80%
90%
8 Traffic Accident
Analysis Using
Machine Learning
Paradigms[10]
ANN (Hybrid learning
approaches , support
vector machines,
decision trees)
GES (General
estimation system)
automobile
accident data.
85%-90%
9 Traffic
Accident
Detection Using
Random Forest
Classifier.[11]
Traditional
information and
communication
technologies, Ad hoc
Networks and
random forest
Classifier.
Bootstrap sample
and Out of bag
(OOB) dataset
88% to 89.91%
10 Deep learning
based Detection of
One Way Traffic
Rule Violation of
Three Wheeler
Vehicles.[12]
Deep Learning N.A Upto 85%
11 Detecting Human
Driver Inattentive
and Aggressive
Driving
Behaviour using
Deep
Learning: Recent
Advances,
Requirements and
Open Challenges.
[13]
Deep Learning (CNN,
DBN).
COCO datasets 92%
7. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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Units. [14]
The various algorithms and features used for accident detection are analyzed in the above table. It
includes the Machine Learning and Deep Learning-based technique used for Real-time object detection.
Even there is a various model which uses the IoT based technique which includes various hardware
components and software connectivity, From the analysis table above and studying it can be seen that
best algorithm object detection are CNN algorithm and RCNN gives better results and accuracy while
performing and hence using an RCNN or CNN based model would provide a better performance as
compared to other algorithms used for the same problem.
IV. CONCLUSION
Since there is a major growth in accidents of vehicles and deaths related to it, it is very vital to detect such
incidents. From the literature survey, we came to know various models use various machine learning and deep
learning-based techniques such as AdaBoost, HDNN, CNN, ANN with different features to detect the accident
and locate the incident in the footage. But the above-mentioned papers do not have good accuracy and alerting
systems to the nearby emergency unit. From different studies of paper, we came to know the Faster RCNN gives
better results and accuracy.
Acknowledgements
We would like to express a deep sense of gratitude towards the Computer Engineering Department of
VIVA Institute Of Technology for their constant encouragement and valuable suggestions. The work that
we are able to present is possible because of their timely guidance. We would like to pay gratitude to the
panel of examiners Prof. Sunita Naik, Prof. Dnyaneshwar Bhabad, & Prof. Vinit Raut for their time,
effort they put to evaluate our work and their valuable suggestions time to time. We would like to thank
Project Head of the Computer Engineering Department, Prof. Janhavi Sangoi for her support and
coordination. We would like to thank the Head of the Computer Engineering Department, Prof. Ashwini
Save for her support and coordination.
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12 Cloud Based
Intelligent Traffic
System to
Implement Traffic
Rules Violation
Detection and
Accident Detection
Holistic method
(Network of sensors).
GPS and GSM
module.
Accelerometer
and Force-
resistive sensors
Value > 5.0
N. A
8. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4(2021)
Article No. X
PP XX-XX
VIVA Institute ofTechnology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
8
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
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