This document discusses different types of research methods, with a focus on survey methods. It provides information on the key characteristics and types of surveys, including: - Surveys can be descriptive or causal in nature, and involve collecting primary data through verbal or written communication with a sample of individuals. - Common types of surveys include cross-sectional, longitudinal, trend, cohort, and panel studies. Cross-sectional surveys examine variables at a single point in time, while longitudinal surveys collect data over a period of time. - Methods of conducting surveys include census/complete enumeration, sampling, and newer methods like fax and internet/email surveys which can reduce costs. The document outlines advantages and disadvantages of different survey methods

1. survey

2. choosing a basic method of research
• survey
• observation
• experiment
"survey research is often descriptive in nature
but can be causal. observation research is
typically descriptive and experiment research is
almost causal. survey research involves an
interviewer (expect in mail and internet survey)
who interacts with respondent to obtain fact,
opinions and attitudes".....

3. SURVEYS
• Its used for collecting primary data based
on verbal or written communication with
representative sample of individuals....
• its method is a device for collecting data of
certain desired characteristic of universe
• researcher want to collect data on
phenomena that cannot be directly
observed

4. feature of survey
• survey method is a field study
• it seeks responses directly from the
respondents.
• it can cover a very huge population
• it an extensive as well as intensive study
• a survey cover a definite geographical
area

5. objective of survey
• to provide information to govt or planner
or business enterprises
• its used to explain a phenomenon
• survey are designed to make comparison
of demographic group.
• survey conducted to known cause and
effect relationship is useful for making
predictions

6. type of survey
• cross-sectional survey :-
in cross- sectional studies variables of interest in
sample of subject are examined once and the
relationship between them are determined
cross section survey are used to gather information on a
popluation at a single point in time

7. • longitudinal survey
longitudinal survey gather data from a period of time.
that means the respondents are questioned at different
moment in time .
the main objectives of longitudinal survey is to examine
continuity of response and to observe change that occur
in due course......

8. • trend studies :-
trend studies focuss on a particular population, which
is sampled and scrutinized repeatedly, while sample are
of the population, they are typically not composed of the
same people.

9. • cohort studies:--
cohort studies also focuss on a particular
population samplesd and studies more than onces . but
the focuss of cohort studies may be different...

10. • panel studies :--
the researcher tries find out why change in the
population are occuring by using the same sample of
people evertime . it involves collecting data from the
same sample of individual overstime.. that sample is
called a panel . its known as panel studies

11. method of survey
• census and sample survey:-
this method involves a complete
enumeration of all units of the popultion or unierse . all
thing in any fields of inquring constitutes a " universe" or
population . its the aggregate of all units possessing
certain specified characterstics on which the sample
seek to draws inferences

12. • merits
1. the data are collected from each and every item of
population
2. the result are more accurate and relible
3. intensive study is possible
4. collected data can be used for various survey and
analysis

13. • demerits:-
1. its requires more time, efforts and money
2. large number or enurmerators is needed to collect data
3. if the universal is infinite , its is not possible to conduct a
complete enurmeration survey

14. • sample survey
a sample is smaller representation of a large
unit or values . so a sample is that part of universe or
population which we select for the purpose of
investigation. the selected respondent constitutes
sample and selection process is called sampling and the
survey so conduct is sample survey

15. • fax survey
a questionnaires is inserted in a magazine. the
respondent are required to submit that filled
questionnaires by fax it to certain phone number ,
questionnaire can also be faxed to the respondent .
these can reduces cost of researcher too

16. • internet and e mail surveys:--
an internet survey is a self administered questionnaire
posted on web site. the respondent answer that
questionnaires . in the casue of e mail survey
questionnaires are sent to respondent through email is
relatively a new method which can be for collecting data

17. • merits