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This document discusses ultrasound techniques for breast and thyroid examinations. It provides information on transducer frequencies and piezoelectric crystals. Details are given on imaging protocols, normal anatomy, lesion characteristics, and differentiating benign from malignant findings. Common benign breast diseases are also outlined.
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Bone tumors introduction and general principles
This document discusses bone tumors. It covers the initial evaluation, presenting symptoms, history taking, physical examination, laboratory tests, investigations such as x-rays and scans, biopsy procedures and principles, classification, staging, principles of surgery including amputation vs limb salvage and achieving appropriate surgical margins, and treatment techniques such as curettage.
Orthopaedic oncology
Dr. Ledian Fezollari's document discusses bone tumors. It begins by stating that primary malignant bone tumors make up 1% of all cancers and the most common bone tumor is metastases from other sites. The WHO classification of bone tumors is mentioned. Clinical presentation depends on age, with most benign tumors in children and myeloma most common over age 70. Investigations include imaging like radiography, CT, MRI, and biopsy. Treatment depends on tumor type and stage, and may involve chemotherapy, surgery such as limb salvage or amputation, and radiotherapy.
Bone tumors
Dr. Ledian Fezollari discusses bone tumors in a document covering their classification, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment. Some key points:
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Soft tissue tumor.ppt
This document discusses soft tissue tumors, including:
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This document discusses uterine sarcoma, its classification, features, diagnosis, and management. The main points are:
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Soft tissue sarcoma is a rare and heterogeneous group of tumors that arise from mesenchymal tissues. It accounts for less than 1% of all cancers. The extremities are the most common primary site. Complete surgical excision with negative margins is the standard treatment, but adjuvant radiation and/or chemotherapy may be used depending on factors like tumor size, grade, and margins. Prognosis depends on tumor size, grade, depth, and whether there is local or distant spread.
Soft tissue sarcoma
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Mammary-Type Myofibroblastoma of the Elbow: A Case of a Rare Upper Extremity Tumor by Randle Ramsey* in Crimson Publishers: Orthopaedic research journals impact factorSarcoma
This document summarizes information about sarcomas:
1. Sarcomas are malignant tumors that arise from connective tissues like bone, cartilage, fat, muscle, and blood vessels. They can affect many parts of the body and come in different subtypes.
2. Diagnosis involves imaging tests, biopsy of the tumor, and histological examination. Staging evaluates tumor size, spread to lymph nodes and distant organs. Prognosis depends on grade, size, and extent of disease.
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Bone tumors :CLASSIFICATION ,EWING'S & OSTEOSARCOMA
This document discusses bone tumors, including Ewing sarcoma. It defines Ewing sarcoma as a small, round cell tumor that arises most commonly in bones of children and adolescents. It is highly malignant but also highly radiosensitive. The document provides details on the incidence, symptoms, signs, investigations, pathology, treatment including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, and prognosis of Ewing sarcoma. It also compares Ewing sarcoma to osteomyelitis and discusses other bone tumors such as osteosarcoma.
Primary Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma arising from Cervix
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Acs0308 Soft Tissue Sarcoma
This document provides an overview of soft tissue sarcoma (STS):
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Osteosarcoma (1)
Highly malignant tumor of mesenchymal origin.Spindle shaped cells that produce osteoid.2nd most common primary malignant bone tumor after MM.Incidence – 1 to 3 per million per year
Treated by chemo,amputation or rotationplasty
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Surgeon performed ultrasound
- 1. Surgeon-Performed Ultrasound Breast and Thyroid Center Chungmoo General hospital Cheonan Korea Jin Woo Ryu, M.D. [email_address]
- 2. 참고도서
- 3. Hertz (Hz) = cycles per second Megahertz (MHz) = millions of cycles per second The frequency of a transducer is labeled in Megahertz
- 4. . The tranduce r contains an element that is made of a piezo-electric(pressure-electric) crystal. When an electric charge is applied to the piezoelectric crystal , the crystal will expand and contract emitting a sound wave.
- 5. Thicker crystal produces bigger sound waves for more penetration ,Bigger sound waves travel farther , and less the resolution 7.5 MHz 3.5 MHz Thinner crystal produces small sound waves for less penetration, Smaller sound waves travel less , and better the resolution Ultrasound Transducer
- 7. STC: Sensitivity Time Control
- 9. Gain - Gain +,
- 11. Keeps Cooper ligament under tension, speeds the examination Probing direction
- 13. Nomal anatomy 1.Interobular stroma, connective tissue 4. Ribs 5. Skin 6. Mammary gland 8. Fat 10. Pectoral muscle 13. Pectoral fascia 15. Prepectoral fat
- 15. Echogenecity Hyperecho isoecho hypocho
- 21. Spiculation
- 22. Taller than Wide 1; Carcinoma arising from 1,anterior lobule, 2, from posterior lobules, 3; from terminal lobules Taller than wide carcinomas are primarily small lesions with maximum diameters less than 1.5 cm
- 24. Connective tissue sign 유방암 조직소견 중 그 변연에서 내부로 파고 들어가는 섬유성 결합조직이 특징이다 . 이것의 초음파 소견을 connective tissue sign 이라고 한다 .
- 25. Rough and heterogenous internal echoes
- 26. Thick boundary echoes Inflammmatory infiltates Lymphcystic host response …peritumoral inflammatory echogenic edema
- 27. Calcification
- 28. Posterior acoustic shadowing Lt: Mass with calcification Rt: scar … . obliteration of shadowing Cancer: attenuated Cyst: enhanced
Editor's Notes
- Breast Ultrasound requires the use of high end equipment utilizing high frequency linear transducers in order to provide superior resolution. These high-end equipment provide many technologies that improve and enhance the IQ enabling easy detection and characterisation of breast lesions and breast tissue changes.
- Enhanced image uniformity, improved continuity of structures, improved lateral resolution, reduction of speckle