Download the original presentation for animation and clear understanding. This Presentation describes the concepts of Engineering Drawing of VTU Syllabus. However same can also be used for learning drawing concepts. Please write to me for suggestions and criticisms here: hareeshang@gmail.com or visit this website for more details: www.hareeshang.wikifoundry.com.
Download the original presentation for animation and clear understanding. This Presentation describes the concepts of Engineering Drawing of VTU Syllabus. However same can also be used for learning drawing concepts. Please write to me for suggestions and criticisms here: hareeshang@gmail.com or visit this website for more details: www.hareeshang.wikifoundry.com.
introduction of engineering graphics ,projection of points,lines,planes,solids,section of solids,development of surfaces,isometric projection,perspective projection
introduction of engineering graphics ,projection of points,lines,planes,solids,section of solids,development of surfaces,isometric projection,perspective projection
Download link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318852873_Engineering_Drawing_-_I
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22512.56328
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance size, etc.
Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
introduction of engineering graphics ,projection of points,lines,planes,solids,section of solids,development of surfaces,isometric projection,perspective projection
introduction of engineering graphics ,projection of points,lines,planes,solids,section of solids,development of surfaces,isometric projection,perspective projection
Download link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/318852873_Engineering_Drawing_-_I
DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.22512.56328
An engineering drawing is a type of technical drawing, used to fully and clearly define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance size, etc.
Its purpose is to accurately and unambiguously capture all the geometric features of a product or a component. The end goal of an engineering drawing is to convey all the required information that will allow a manufacturer to produce that component.
The lecture is in support of:
(1) The Design of Building Structures (Vol.1, Vol. 2), rev. ed., PDF eBook by Wolfgang Schueller, 2016
(2) Building Support Structures, Analysis and Design with SAP2000 Software, 2nd ed., eBook by Wolfgang Schueller,
The SAP2000V15 Examples and Problems SDB files are available on the Computers & Structures, Inc. (CSI) website: http://www.csiamerica.com/go/schueller
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
1. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
ENGINEERING DRAWING
&
GRAPHICS
SURFACE DEVELOPMENT
2. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
A development is the unfold / unrolled flat / plane figure of a 3-D object.
It is also called a pattern where the plane may show the true size of each area of
the object.
When the pattern is cut, it can be rolled or folded back into the original object as
shown in figure.
Surface development is a full size layout of an object drawn on a plane.
Some objects are made of flat sheet metal. When the sheet is cut as per this
layout, folded and joined together, it takes the shape of an object.
AN OBJECT HOLLOW AND MADE-UP OF THIN SHEET. CUT OPEN IT FROM ONE
SIDE AND UNFOLD THE SHEET COMPLETELY. THEN THE SHAPE OF THAT
UNFOLDED SHEET IS CALLED DEVELOPMENT OF LATERAL SURFACES OF THAT
OBJECT OR SOLID.
3. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
APPLICATIONS:
The knowledge of development of surfaces is very useful in the sheet metal
industry, where products like utensils, cans, buckets, hoppers, domes, etc. are
manufactured.
Imagine an industry where domestic refrigerators are manufactured. The ultimate
shape of a refrigerator is made from the sheet metal. Its door is first made on a
plain sheet and then cut and folded to form the door.
To make a funnel out of a sheet, what should be the shape of the sheet which,
when folded, forms the final shape of the funnel?
A tailor first prepares a development drawing on a cloth to cut and stitch the
correct shape and size of a shirt.
A development gives the shape and plane area of the material which enables the
cost to be estimated.
Development should be such as to allow the minimum waste of material when the
shape is cut out.
4. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
EXAMPLES:-
Boiler Shells & chimneys, Pressure Vessels, Shovels, Trays,
Boxes & Cartons, Feeding Hoppers, Large Pipe sections,
Body & Parts of automotive, Ships, Aero-planes and many
more.
5. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Types of development
1-Parallel line development: In this parallel lines are used to construct the
expanded pattern of each three-dimensional shape. The method divides the
surface into a series of parallel lines to determine the shape of a pattern.
6. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Types of development
2- Radial line development: In this, lines radiating from a central point to
construct the expanded pattern of each three-dimensional shape is used.
These shapes each form part of a cone and lines radiating from the vertex of
the cone generate the expanded pattern of the curved surface as shown in
the following explorations.
7. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Types of development
3-Approximate development: In this, the shapes obtained are only
approximate. After joining, the part is stretched or distorted to obtain the
final shape.
4- Triangulation method: This is generally used for polyhedron, single
curved surfaces, and warped surfaces.
8. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Types of development
Parallel line development: In this parallel lines are used to construct the
expanded pattern of each three-dimensional shape. The method divides the
surface into a series of parallel lines to determine the shape of a pattern.
Radial line development: In this, lines radiating from a central point to
construct the expanded pattern of each three-dimensional shape is used.
These shapes each form part of a cone and lines radiating from the vertex of
the cone generate the expanded pattern of the curved surface as shown in
the following explorations.
Triangulation method: This is generally used for polyhedron, single curved
surfaces, and warped surfaces.
Approximate development: In this, the shapes obtained are only
approximate. After joining, the part is stretched or distorted to obtain the
final shape
9. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a CIRCULAR CYLINDER
10. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a PENTAGON PRISM
11. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a SQUARE & HEXAGON PRISM
12. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a CONE PYRAMID
13. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a SQUARE PYRAMID
14. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a PENTAGON PYRAMID
15. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a NANOGON PYRAMID
16. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a PENTAGON PYRAMID
17. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Draw the development of a CYLINDER
18. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 1.
A cylinder made up of Aluminum sheet with base circle diameter 65 mm and height/length 75
mm is kept on its base on the ground.
The cylinder is cut at 45 degrees to make an ellipse, the lower edge of cut is 25 mm above the
base. Develop the surface of the cone.
19. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 2(a). A cone made up of Aluminum sheet with base circle diameter 80 mm and
height/length 75 mm is kept on its base on the ground. Develop the surface of the cone.
Problem 2(b). A cone with base circle diameter 80 mm and axis length is 75 mm is kept on its
base on the ground. The cone is cut at 25mm to make a circle. Develop the surface of the
cone.
20. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 3.
A cone made up of Aluminum sheet with
base circle diameter 65 mm and axis length
75 mm is kept on its base on the ground.
A circular hole of 30 mm diameter is cut
through the cone such that its axis remains
perpendicular to V.P.; 10 mm to the right of
the axis of cone and 25 mm above the base
of cone.
Develop the surface of the cone.
21. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 1. Procedure:
Step-1 Draw a horizontal x-y line of some suitable length.
Step-2 Draw a circle of radius 32.5 mm below the x-y line at some suitable distance from it.
Divide this circle into 12 equal divisions as shown in the figure. Give notations on it. It is top
view of the cone.
Step-3 From the center of the circle in the top view, draw a vertical center line of length 75
mm from the x-y line as shown in the figure. And from these notations of the circle draw
vertical projectors up to x-y line, and then converge all these projectors at the end of the
center line i.e. apex of the cone (point o’) as shown into the figure. It is a triangular shape.
And Give the notations on it.
Step-4 Draw a horizontal center line at the distance 25 mm above the x-y line, and a vertical
center line at the distance 10 mm on the right of the vertical center line as shown in the
figure. From the intersection of the above two center lines, draw a circle of radius 15 mm.
Step-5 Give the cutting points name at the intersection of the previously drawn circle with
the vertical projectors of the circle in front view, i.e., 1’, 2’, 3’ etc. as shown into the figure.
22. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 1. Procedure:
Step-6 Now find out the angle covered by the cone when it is opened completely, by the
equation , where L = Length of the last generator i.e., o’-a’ or o’-g’. = Angle subtended by
the two extreme generators of the cone, when it is opened completely. r = Radius of the
base circle of the cone. From this equation find out the value of in degree.
Step-7 Draw a line parallel to and equal to the length of the last generator i.e., o’-g’, at
some suitable distance from the front view. Give that line the name O-A as shown in the
figure. With O as center and radius equal to OA, draw an arc such that the angle subtended
by the arc should be equal to , which you have found out from the previous equation. This
is the full development of the vertical surface of the cone.
Step-8 Divide this developed surface of the cone in 12 equal divisions, angle wise, as
shown in the figure. And give the notations in capital letters. i.e., A, B, C etc.
Step-9 Now in the front view, from the cutting points on the small circle of radius 15 mm,
draw horizontal lines, parallel with x-y line, such that these lines should meet with the last
generator i.e., o’-g’, in the front view.
23. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 1. Procedure:
Step-10 Then measure the distances of the end points of previously drawn respective lines
from the point o’, and transfer these distances in the developed surface of the cone on
respective generators, as shown in the figure.
Step-11 Now Connects all the points in sequence with medium dark smooth curve, as
shown in the figure, and draw the boundary of the cone with dark curve with the use of a
compass. This is the Development of the vertical surface of the cone.
Step-12 Give the dimensions by any one method of dimensions and give the notations as
shown into the figure.
24. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 4
The square pyramid with the length
of side of base 30 mm and length of
axis 60 mm as shown in the figure.
Develop the surface of the pyramid.
25. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
Problem 5 Development of Surfaces of Solids – The cylinder of diameter of base 50 mm and
axis height 60 mm is resting on its base on H.P. as shown in the figure below. Develop the
surface of the cylinder.
26. MEHRAN UNIVERSITY
OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, JAMSHORO
B.E MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
BATCH-F16, 1ST
YEAR,1ST
SEMESTER
SYLLABUS
• Introduction & Basics: Introduction to graphic language, Essential drawing
instruments and their correct use. Line types and lettering. Basic drafting techniques
and standards. Curves used in engineering.
• Orthographic Projections:
• Orthographic multi view projection of some simple and composite solids.
• Sections: Sectioning and projection of auxiliary views.
• Surface Development: Surface development of simple solids such as cylinder, cone,
prism and pyramid, surface development of intersecting solids.
• Isometric Projections: Isometric projection / drawings of piping.
• Freehand/Sketching : Sketching and basic rules of sketching.
• Detail, assembly and Working Drawings: Preparing detail, assembly and working
drawings of various machine and engine parts such as, keys, cotters, foundation bolts,
screws, pulleys, couplings, bearings riveted joints and nut and bolts. Fundamentals of
geometric dimensioning and tolerancing.
• Computer Aided Drawing: Computer aided drafting (CAD). Auto CAD Software