This document provides information on English grammar topics such as the use of will vs be going to, modals, regular past tense verb forms, and used to. It includes examples and explanations of these grammar structures. Key points covered include how will expresses future events based on present decisions or predictions, while be going to expresses intentions or predictions based on present evidence. Modal verbs like can, may, should are also defined. Rules for forming the regular past tense with 'ed' are outlined, noting the different pronunciations of 'ed' as /ɪd/, /t/ or /d/. The document concludes with examples of how used to is used to talk about past habits or actions.

1. SUPER CLASS
Teacher
Renan

2. (Will) vs (be Going to)
Will + infinitive Be going to + infinitive
A decision at the moment of
speaking:
Julie: There's no milk.
John: Really? In that case, I'll go and
get some.
A decision before the moment of
speaking:
Julie: There's no milk.
John: I know. I'm going to go and get
some when this TV programme
finishes.

3. (Will) vs (be Going to)
Will + infinitive Be going to + infinitive
A prediction based on opinion:
I think the Conservatives will win the
next election.
A prediction based on something we
can see (or hear) now:
The Conservatives are going to win
the election. They already have most
of the votes.

4. (Will) vs (be Going to)
Will + infinitive Be going to + infinitive
A future fact:
The sun will rise tomorrow.
For promises / requests / refusals /
offers:
I'll help you tomorrow, if you like.

5. Modals
Possibility CAN
I can meet with you
on Friday.
Ability CAN / BE ABLE TO
I can play the piano.
I am able to speak
English.
Permission CAN
I can have a dog in
my apartment.
Past Ability COULD
When I was a kid,
I could run for hours.

6. Modals
Permission MAY / CAN / COULD
May I borrow your
pen?
To express what you
want
WOULD LIKE
I would like to
learn English for
free.
Preference WOULD RATHER
I would
rather walk than
drive.

7. Modals
Advice SHOULD
You should call your
mother on her
birthday.
Warning HAD BETTER
You'd better study
before the test.
Not required DON'T HAVE TO
I don't have to wear
a suit to work.
Possibility /
Uncertainty about
the future
*adverb MAYBE
MAY / MIGHT
It might / may rain
this evening.
Maybe it will rain this
evening.

8. Modals
Legal Obligation /
Official
MUST
Police officer:
'You must wear a
seatbelt.'
Logical Conclusion MUST
The teacher's absent.
She must be sick.
Expectation BE SUPPOSED TO
We are
supposed turn our
cell phones off in
movie theaters.

9. ‘ed’ Rules

10. ‘ed’ Rules
Arrive + d =
Play + ed =
Study – y + ied =
Stop + p + ed =

11. ‘ed’ Rules
Arrive + d = Arrived
Play + ed =
Study – y + ied =
Stop + p + ed =

12. ‘ed’ Rules
Arrive + d = Arrived
Play + ed = Played
Study – y + ied =
Stop + p + ed =

13. ‘ed’ Rules
Arrive + d = Arrived
Play + ed = Played
Study – y + ied = Studied
Stop + p + ed =

14. ‘ed’ Rules
Arrive + d = Arrived
Play + ed = Played
Study – y + ied = Studied
Stop + p + ed = Stopped

15. Pronunciation of past regular verbs

16. Pronunciation of past
regular verbs
ed can be pronounced in three diferente forms
As /ɪd/
As /t/
As /d/

17. As /ɪd/
 All verbs ending in /t/ and /d/
want - /wɑnt/
hate - /heɪt/
need - /ni:d/
decide - /dɪsaid/

18. As /ɪd/
 All verbs ending in /t/ and /d/
wanted - /wɑntɪd/
hated - /heɪtɪd/
needed - /ni:dɪd /
decided - /dɪsaidɪd/

19. As /ɪd/
 All verbs ending in /t/ and /d/
You wanted that cake.
My friend hated the movie ‘Justice league’.
admit you needed my help.
I decided to buy an ‘airfryer’.

20. As /t/
• All verbs ending in /f/
• sniff
• laugh
• cough
• All verbs ending in /v/
• live
• love
• save
As /d/
ed
ed
ed ed
ed
ed
Comparisson I

21. As /t/
• All verbs ending in /s/
• miss
• kiss
• pass
• All verbs ending in /z/
• please
• cause
• sneeze
As /d/
ed
ed
ed ed
ed
ed
Comparisson II

22. As /t/
• All verbs ending in /p/
• stop
• help
• type
• All verbs ending in /b/
• rob
• grab
• rub
As /d/
ed
ed
ed bed
bed
bed
Comparisson III

23. As /t/
• All verbs ending in /k/
• walk
• hack
• fake
• All verbs ending in /g/
• hug
• drag
• log
As /d/
ed
ed
ed ged
ged
ged
Comparisson IV

24. As /t/
 All verbs ending in /ʃ/
washed - /wɑʃt/
smashed - /smæʃt/
fished - /fɪʃt/
pushed - /pʊʃt/

25. As /t/
• All verbs ending in /tʃ/
• watch
• hatch
• stretch
• All verbs ending in /dʒ/
• damage
• cage
• change
As /d/
ed
ed
ed ed
ed
ed
Comparisson V

26. As /t/
 All verbs ending in /θ/
breathed - /bri:θt/
loathed - /loʊθt/

27. As /d/
 All verbs ending in /m/, /n/, /r/, /l/ and vowel
diphthongs
slamed - /slæmd/
tanned - /tænd/
preferred - /pri:fərd/
smiled - /smaɪld/

28. What happened in the 19th
century?

29. What happened in the 20th
century?

30. What happened in the 20th
century?

31. What happened in the 20th
century?

32. Used to
I used to eat canned ham
I used to study at ‘Gurilândia’
I used to play Mortal Kombat
I used to listen to Linkin Park

33. Used to
I didn’t use to eat lettuce
I didn’t use to work at British and American
I didn’t use to play the ukelele
I didn’t use to listen to The Kooks
d
d
d
d

34. Programs you used to watch

35. Programs you used to watch

36. Programs you used to watch

37. Programs you used to watch

38. Programs you used to watch

39. Cartoons you used to watch

40. Cartoons you used to watch

41. Cartoons you used to watch

42. Cartoons you used to watch

43. Cartoons you used to watch

44. Cartoons you used to watch

45. Cartoons you used to watch

46. Cartoons you used to watch

47. Cartoons you used to watch

48. Cartoons you used to watch

49. Cartoons you used to watch

50. Cartoons you used to watch

51. Food you used to eat

52. The place you used to study

53. Games you used to do

54. Songs you used to listen

55. Things you used to do

56. References
http://www.grammarbank.com/modal-verbs.html
https://www.vagalume.com.br/
http://www.perfect-english-grammar.com/will-or-be-going-to.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_decades