The document provides information about tenses in English verbs. It discusses the key features and uses of the present, past and future tenses, including the simple, continuous, perfect and perfect continuous forms of each tense. It provides examples to illustrate how each tense is formed and used in sentences. The document is intended to explain the different verb tenses in English grammar.

1. JUMBLE-RAMBLE!
• Arrange the following words to its correct spelling.
C-B-I-M-L-E-D CLIMBED
P-L-Y-E-D-A PLAYED
G-E-V-A GAVE
U-N-R RUN
O-W-G-R-N GROWN

2. REGULAR &
IRREGULARVERBS
Prepared by:
MR. GENAVE M. DINGSON

3. What is a Tense?
• Tense (noun): a verb-based method used to indicate the time, and
sometimes the continuation or completeness, of an action or state in
relation to the time of speaking.
•All English verbs are either regular or irregular, depending on how they are
conjugated. The majority are regular verbs, which means that “-d” or “-
ed” is added to their base form (the infinitive of the verb without to) to
create both the past simple tense and past participle.
•The past simple tense and past participles of irregular verbs, on the other
hand, have many different forms that do not adhere to a distinct or
predictable pattern. Much of the time, their past tense and past participle
forms are completely different from one another. Unfortunately, this means
that there is no way of determining how to conjugate irregular verbs—
we just have to learn each one individually.

4. What is a regular verb?
Regular verbs are defined as having both their past simple tense and past
participle forms constructed by adding the suffixes “-d” or “-ed” to the end
of the word. For most regular verbs, this is the only change to the word’s
spelling.
Here are some examples of common regular verbs:

5. •In some cases, though, we have to modify the verb slightly further in order to
be able to add “-d” or “-ed.”
•For instance, with verbs that end in a “short” vowel followed by a consonant,
we double the final consonant in addition to adding “-ed”;* when a verb ends
in a consonant + “y,” we replace the “y” with “i” and add “- ed”; and when a
verb ends in “-ic,” we add the letter “k” in addition to “-ed.”
For example:

6. What is an irregular verb?
•Irregular verbs, by their very definition, do not have spelling rules
that we can follow to create the past simple tense and past
participles. This means that the only way of knowing how to spell
these forms is to memorize them for each irregular verb
individually. Below are just a few examples of some common irregular
verbs.

7. As you can see, irregular verbs can have endings that
are dramatically different from their base forms;
often, their past simple tense and past participles
forms are completely different, too. Again, the only
way to learn these variations is to memorize them.

8. TENSES OFVERBS
Prepared by:
MR. GENAVE M. DINGSON

9. PRESENTTENSE

10. Simple present
The simple present tense describes events happening now. It’s also useful for describing a direct action
that’s not exclusive to the past or future.
Sentences in present tense often have the most straightforward structure because they use the root formof
the verb or a conjugation of the verb to be. The root form of the verb is the form you will find if you look up
a verb in our dictionary.
We often use the simple present tense to state facts:
Cats eat mice and birds.
In this sentence, the simple present tense is used to state the fact that cats regularly eat mice and birds.
When you use the verb be in the simple present tense, it must agree with the subject of the sentence. For
example:
 I am tall.
 You are my best friend.
 She is my older sister.
 We are hungry.
 They are late for work.

11. Present continuous
The present continuous tense describes an ongoing activity that is
happening now, in the present. It is formed by combining the
verb to be and the present participle of the verb (ending in –ing):
The baby is laughing at Shelly’s monkey puppet.
In this example, the verb tense is used to state that the baby is
currently in the process of laughing at Shelly’s silly puppet and will
likely continue to do so for a while yet.

12. Present perfect
The present perfect tense describes a past event that’s still
happening in the present. It is formed by combining the
word has or have (depending on the subject) with the past participle
of the verb.
Let’s look at this sentence: The baby has played this game before.
In this example, the verb tense states that a past event is related to
the present. In this case, the sentence is saying that the baby is
currently playing a game that they have also played at another time
in the past.

13. Present perfect continuous
The present perfect continuous tense describes an ongoing action
that began in the past and is still occurring in the present. It is
formed by combining the phrase has been or have been (depending
on the subject) with the present participle of the verb.
Shelly has been babysitting for years.
In this example, the verb tense is used to say that Shelly started
babysitting children in the past, continued to babysit for years,
and still continues to babysit now.

14. PAST TENSE

15. PAST TENSES
Simple Past Tense: Used to indicate an action that happened in the
past. It often comes with an adverb of time. Sometimes it can be
used without an adverb of time. Used for past habits.
for example-
•I went to school.
•You worked very hard in exams.
•She did not

16. PAST TENSES
Past Continuous Tense: The past continuous tense is a very
important tense in English. We use it to express what we were in the
middle of doing at a particular moment in the past.
I, she, he, it- was playing in the garden.
They, We - were playing in the garden
for example-
•I was cooking last night for my sister’s children.
•They were not playing scrabble when I checked on them.

17. PAST TENSES
Past Perfect Tense: The past perfect tense is easy to understand
and to use in a sentence. This tense talks about an event which
happened in the past. If two actions happened in the past, the past
perfect tense is used to display the action that took place earlier.
I, he, she, it, we, they - had arrived at the station
for example-
•We were too late when the movie started.
•I thought I had seen the movie before, but I was wrong.

18. PAST TENSES
Past Perfect Continuous Tense: Used to denote an event that started
before a certain point in the past and continued up to sometime in
the past.
I, he, she, we, it, you, they - had been sleeping on the couch when I
arrived.
for example-
•Sita was very tired. She had been dancing.
•Had the student been roaming outside the classroom?

19. FUTURE TENSE

20. Future Tense
Simple Future Tense: The period of time after speaking a sentence
is considered future tense.
This tense is used to express future events and happenings.
Rule – Will/Shall + Verb (Ist form)
I, He, she, it, we, you, they - will/shall play the piano tomorrow.
Examples:
• Sita will ask the questions tomorrow.
• They will never speak about this.

21. Future Tense
Future Continuous Tense: It is used to express an action that is
going or continuing in the future. e.g. He will be distributing
promotion letters in the office tomorrow at 12 o'clock. In the
example, the action will commence in the future (tomorrow) and
action is assumed to be continued till sometime in the future.
I, he, she, you, it, they, we- will be arriving at the airport tomorrow.
Examples:
• I will be playing football on the ground tomorrow.
• She will be writing a letter.

22. Future Tense
Future Perfect Tense: It is used to express an action that will
happen/occur in future and will be completed by a certain time in
future. We use the future perfect to say that something will be
finished by a particular time in the future.
I, he, we, she, they, it - will have dinner at 10 pm
Examples:
• She will have forgotten him by then.
• She will not have written a letter.

23. Future Tense
Future Perfect Continuous Tense: It is used to talk about actions
that will start at a fixed point of time in the future and will go on for
some time in the future.
The future perfect continuous focus on the duration of an activity that
will be in progress before another time or event in the future.
Examples:
• Tomorrow at 4 pm, I will be on my way to Kolkata.
• It is also used to talk about planned actions or actions expected
to happen.
• Relatives will be staying at Aunt Mina’s house.