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sugar-substitutes-pedo
This document discusses different types of sugar substitutes, including nutritive and non-nutritive sweeteners. Non-nutritive sweeteners like aspartame, saccharine, cyclamate, and sucralose are intensely sweet but provide no calories. Nutritive sweeteners provide calories and include sugars like glucose, fructose, lactose, as well as sugar alcohols like sorbitol, mannitol, and xylitol. While some non-nutritive sweeteners have disadvantages like potential cancer risks, nutritive sweeteners and sugar alcohols are less cariogenic than sucrose and may help prevent tooth decay.
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- 2. DEFINITION Sugar substituteis based on the concept of replacing sucrose in food stuff which are proved to be highly cariogenic
- 3. TYPES These are oftwo types: (C) Non nutritive sweeteners (B) Nutritive sweeteners
- 4. NON NUTRITIVE SWEETNERS These are intense sweeteners, non caloric sweeteners Much sweeter than sugar Yield little or no energy,provide no bulk Used in small quantities in drinks or blended with sugar substitutes in food & snacks
- 5. Approved products inmarket are ASPARTATE SACCHARINE CYCLANATE SUCRALASE ACESULFAME-K From dental point of view caloric sweeteners are very useful as they are not fermented to acid by oral bacteria
- 6. ASPARTATE White, crystalline, odourless,slightly water soluble non carbohydrate powder About 150 to 200 times sweeter than sucrose Used as low calorie sugar substitute in soft drinks,table sweeteners & other food products
- 9. SACCHARINE White, crystalline, odourless,slightly water soluble powder produced synthetically 500 times sweeter than sugar in dilute solution Its soluble sodium salt is used as a non caloric sugar substitute Also called as benzosulfimide or gluside Widely used in “diet” soft drinks, dietic foods,mouth washes,medicines & as a sweetener for table use since 1940
- 11. DISADVANTAGE May cause bladder cancer banned in USA & Canada
- 12. CYCLAMATE Anorganic sweetener 30 times sweeter than sucrose When ingested,absorbed into blood streams & excreted almost unchanged in urine
- 13. However part ofit is converted to Cyclohexylamine by microorganism in lower intestinal tract Banned in USA & Canada as it can cause cancer Cyclohexylamine can produce vasoconstriction & hypertensive effect by affecting sympathetic nervous system
- 14. NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS sugar Caloric sweetener, carbohydrate substitute Includes a large number of monosaccharide & disaccharides, various polyols & starch hydrolysates & hydrogenates Relative sweetness of these compounds is only occasionally more than equal to sucrose, in most instances it is lower
- 15. CLASSIFICATION NUTRITIVE SWEETENERS SUGAR SUGAR ALCOHOL o Glucose Sorbitol o Fructose Mannitol o Lactose Xylitol o Maltose
- 16. SUGARS Sugars other thansucrose used now a days in a large scale in various food items,reason for this is not dental but rather technological or economical Lactose used in most of baby foods Has lower cariogenicity than sucrose,glucose & fructose
- 17. Since people cannot tolerate its large amount so it has a little practical importance as a sugar substitute Now palatinose is used as a sugar substitute It is a disaccharides & “coupling sugar” & a mixture of various fructose –glucose polymers
- 18. SUGAR ALCOHOLS Not goodsubstrate for plaque bacteria & therefore produces only a minimal drop in plaque pH On metabolism it get oxidized to either to ketose or aldose
- 19. SORBITOL White, crystalline,water soluble powder Used as sugar substitute in diabetes Prepared from glucose by hydrogenation
- 20. About half assweet as sucrose & used alone or with other polyalcohols to provide a sweetener in dairy foods, especially in chewing gums Following absorption,dietary sorbitol is oxidised to fructose by “sorbitol dehydrogenase” & further metabolism is like fructose WHO recommended intake rate of sorbitol is up to 150mg/kg/day
- 21.
- 22. XYLITOL Well established thatit is non cariogenic & is used in chewing gums It is one of a sugar sweetner approved for use in food & other items in many countries It has specific as well as non specific effects on oral flora & especially on certain strains of mutans streptococci add to its caries preventive profile
- 23. PLAQUE 1.non fermentability byplaque organism 2.reduction in plaque quantity 3.selective reduction of mutans streptococci 4.introduction of mutans streptococcus strain with reduced virulence. It has some proposed actions 5.increased conc. Of ammonia in plaque
- 24. 6.accumulation of xylitol-5PO4in some plaque streptococci 7.participation in a futile metabolic cycle in some plaque organisms 8.reduced adhesion of plaque flora 9.reduced transmission of mutans streptococci
- 25. SALIVA 1.changes in quantity& quality of saliva ENAMEL 1.aids remineralisation