This document discusses industry and water pollution in Pakistan. It provides background on key industries like textiles and cotton that are major contributors to Pakistan's economy and exports. It also examines the country's GDP and economic growth. The document then focuses on water pollution caused by industrial waste, particularly from sugar mills. It notes high levels of chemicals and other pollutants in waste water from sugar mills that contaminate surrounding water sources and impact communities. Preventative measures and enforcement of environmental regulations are needed to address industrial pollution of Pakistan's water resources.

1. 1

2. PROFILE
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3. TOPIC
Industry as a source of
economic growth in Pakistan….
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4. CONTENTS
 Industry Of Pakistan
 Economy Of Pakistan
 Industries In Pakistan
 Water………
 What Is Water Pollution?
 Effects of water pollution
 Prevention
 SEPA’s action on sugar mills
 References
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5. INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN
 Pakistan ranked as number 43-44 among the countries of
the world in nominal GDP, 26th in GDPwith purchasing
power parity and number 55 in the world in factory output.
 Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for about 24%
of GDP.
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6. CONT:
 Cotton textile production and apparel manufacturing
are Pakistan's largest industries, accounting for
about 66% of the merchandise exports and almost
40% of the employed labour force. Cotton and
cotton-based products account for 61% of export
earnings of Pakistan. The consumption of cotton
increased by 5.7% over the past five years while
the economic growth rate was 7%. By 2010 the
spinning capacity increased to 15 million spindles
and textile exports hit 15.5 billion. Other major
industries include cement, fertilizer, edible oil,
sugar, steel, tobacco, chemicals, machinery and
food processing.
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7. ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN
 The economy of Pakistan is the 25th
largest in the world in terms of purchasing
power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in terms
of nominal gross domestic product (GDP).
 Pakistan has a population of over 207
million (the world's 5th-largest), giving it a
nominal GDP per capita of 1,641 in
2018, which ranks 147th in the world for 2016.
However, Pakistan's undocumented economy
is estimated to be 36% of its overall economy,
which is not taken into consideration when
calculating per capita income.
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8. CONT:
 The economy is semi-industrialized, with centers of
growth along the Indus River.
 Primary export commodities include textiles, leather
goods, sports goods, chemicals, carpets/rugs and
medical instruments.
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9. THE ECONOMY TODAY
 Today the Nominal GDP (Gross Domestic
Product) of Pakistan is 283.0 billion USD with
annual growth rate of 5.79% which is better than
previous decades performance.
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10. INDUSTRIES IN PAKISTAN
 Automotive Industry
 Cement Industry
 Construction material making Industry
 Electricity, gas and water supply material making
Industry
 Fashion Industry
 Fertilizer Industry
 Fuel extraction industry
 Manufacturing Industry
 Mining and quarrying Industry
 Sports goods Industry
 Sugar Mills
 Technology
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11. INDUSTRY AS A SOURCE OF POLLUTION….
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Industrial pollution has been and continues to be a major
threat to the environment affecting the water we use, the
air we breathe and the soil we live on

12.  When any industry start its working process than
they need to discharge their waste, which causes
pollution such as solid waste as soil pollution, water
waste as water pollution, sound of machines as
noise pollution, toxins as radioactive pollution,
many other types.
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13. WATER………
 Water is one of the unique natural
resources present in as well as on
earth’s surface and life cannot exist in
absence of it. Although, there are
plenty of water resources on earth,
however, it is not always present with
permissible quality and quantity. The
availability of water for commercial and
personal purposes is limited.
 Water is mainly obtained from two
main sources (i.e., surface water and
groundwater).
 About 60% population of world has
no clean water for drinking. 13

14. WHAT IS WATER POLLUTION?
 Water pollution occurs when harmful
substances—often chemicals or
microorganisms—contaminate a
stream, river, lake, ocean, aquifer, or
other body of water, degrading water
quality and rendering it toxic to
humans or the environment.
 Water pollution is the
contamination of water bodies,
usually as a result of human
activities.
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15. 15

16. CONT:
 Infested with chemical waste, our water bodies
have turned into a pool of poison. The
contamination of water bodies in simplest words
means water pollution. Thereby the abuse of lakes,
ponds, oceans, rivers, reservoirs etc is water
pollution.
 Pollution of water occurs when substances that will
modify the water in negative fashion are discharged
in it. This discharge of pollutants can be direct as
well as indirect.
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17. CONT:
 The major human activities have been used for
polluting fresh water bodies. About 5 million deaths
per year are attributed due to waterborne diseases.
It is estimated that 70% of industrial wastes in
developing countries are disposed of untreated into
waters where they contaminate existing water
supplies.
 The UN also estimates that the amount of
wastewater produced annually is about 1,500 km3,
i.e. six times more water than exists in all the rivers
of the world.
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18. EFFECTS OF POLLUTION OF
WATER
 Diseases: In humans, drinking or consuming polluted water
in any way has many disastrous effects on our health. It
causes typhoid, cholera, hepatitis and various other
diseases.
 Destruction of Ecosystems: Ecosystems are extremely
dynamic and respond to even small changes in the
environment. Water pollution can cause an entire ecosystem
to collapse if left unchecked.
 Eutrophication: Chemicals in a water body, encourage
the growth of algae. These algae form a layer on top of the
pond or lake. Bacteria feed on this algae and this decreases
the amount of oxygen in the water body, severely affecting
the aquatic life there.
 Effects the food chain: Disruption in food chains happens
when toxins and pollutants in the water are consumed by
aquatic animals (fish, shellfish etc) which are then
consumed by humans.
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19. PREVENTION
 The best way to prevent large-scale water pollution is to try
and reduce its harmful effects. There are various small
changes we can make to protect ourselves from a scary future
where water is scarce.
 Save Water: Conserving water is our first aim. Water wastage
is a major problem globally and we are only now waking up to
the issue. Simply small changes you can make domestically
will make a huge difference.
 Better treatment of sewage: So treating waste products before
disposing of it in a water body helps reduce water pollution on
a large scale. Agriculture or other industries can reuse this
wastewater by reducing its toxic contents.
 Use environmentally friendly products: By using soluble
products that do not go on to become pollutants, we can
reduce the amount of water pollution caused by a household.
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20. 20
SUGAR
MILLS

21. SUGAR MILLS
 At the time of independence there were only two
sugar mills in the country, with 7,932 tons of annual
production, however, now there are 77 sugar mills
in the country, which produce four million metric ton
sugar annually.
 There are 10 sugar mills out of total 77, which have
distillery units, of which three exist in Badin and
Thatta districts that contaminate underground
water.
 Water pollution affecting the people living in
neighboring villages. Moreover, the water in old
wells of the area has turned poisonous and the
locals are unable to use them for domestic use. 21

22. 22
 Direct mixing of waste water into surface water.

23. 23
 Except
colour,
pH,
conduc
tivity
and
temper
ature
all
values
are in
mg/l
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF SUGAR INDUSTRY
WASTE WATER
S. no Parameters Parameter
1 Colour Dark yellow
2 Odour Fishery
3 pH 5.5
4 DO 1.5
5 BOD 970 mg/l
6 COD 3,682 mg/l
7 Oil and grease 12 mg/l
8 Temperature 40 °C
9 Electrical conductivity 2.23 S cm
−1
10 Total dissolved solid 1,480 mg/l
11 Suspended solid 790
12 Dissolved solid 1,650
13 Chloride 250
14 Calcium 361 mg/l
15 Magnesium 268 mg/l
16 Sulphate 419 mg/l
17 Iron 12.8 mg/l
18 Lead 0.065 mg/l
19 Zinc 0.26 mg/l
20 Copper 0.135 mg/l
21 Potassium 113 mg/l
22 Phosphate 5.9 mg/l

24.  Due to the increasing pollution, the area’s wildlife,
birds and cattle have suffered a significant drop in
population because of the poisonous water, which
immediately kills these animals and birds.
 There are around 800 villages near these
poisonous drainages and the residents who depend
on cultivation, livestock and fishing have been the
main victims of this toxic waste.
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25.  The effluents from
sugar mills are
discharging water
without treatment into
fresh water bodies
which makes poor
water quality.
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26. CONT:
 Due to growing population the water bodies like rivers,
streams, reservoirs and oceans are getting polluted after
each day passing. The major cause of water pollution is
the surrounding human and biological activities
associated with pure water present in nature. It is highly
regarded that the basic duty of every person should be
to conserve water resources so as the generation of
waste water will be reduced.
 Factories are consumers of huge volume of freshwater;
their wastewater contains high level of contaminants
such as, suspended solids, organic and inorganic matter
and chemicals. Most chemicals used in sugar
processing are toxic; if not well treated might ultimately
find their course into the streams which make poor
quality of fresh water bodies
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27.  The poisonous waste is also „killing‟ the ecosystem of the
freshwater lakes, the residents complained that drinking water
of wells had been turned brackish and poisonous due to
chemical waste of the sugar mills.
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28. 28
Lead
 Which is present in
waste water, and
causes a big issue of
health as well as
environment.

29. CONT:
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 The sugar mills generate effluent
which makes environmental
problems related to water and land
pollution. The wastewater
generated from sugar mills infiltrate
into subsoil and leaches into
ground water forming contaminated
pool which disturb the groundwater
quality by changing its chemical
composition property.
 The untreated wastewater
discharging from these industries
contaminates surface and ground
water. It also damages eco-system
of water bodies.

30. CONT:
 This polluted water is utilized by human for drinking,
domestic, agriculture and industrial purposes. The
activities of sugar mills require huge quantum of
fresh water for milling processes and subsequently
releasing of bulk effluent into the environment.
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31. 31

32. SEPTEMBER 15, 2014
 KARACHI: The Sindh Environmental Protection
Agency (Sepa) is yet to take action on a last
year report that highlights high levels of
pollution being caused by sugar mills.
 “The effluent discharge from the sugar mills is
highly polluted. The dissolved oxygen level is far
below the normal limit that shows it may cause
death of biotic life in drains especially fish.
Likewise, the biological oxygen demand (BOD) and
chemical oxygen demand (COD) are very high than
the WHO permissible limits. This explains huge
reduction in the dissolved oxygen (DO) level.
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33. CONCLUSION
 The present study has shown that sugar mill effluent
has slightly elevated levels of toxic heavy metals and
is not fit for irrigation or for other methods of disposal
without carrying proper remedial measures.
 Sugar mills have no flow meters installed at the inlet
and outlet of each unit operation of the mill and
process houses to gauge water consumption or waste
water generation.
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34. REFERENCES
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Pakistan
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Pakistan
 https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/sources-and-causes-of-water-
pollution.php
 https://www.google.com.pk/search?q=industry+as+a+source+of+water+p
ollution&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjbhvLZ2MndAhW
FiIsKHS7LBCgQ_AUIDigB&biw=1366&bih=662#
 http://www.environmentalpollution.in/water-pollution/six-main-sources-of-
water-pollution/142
 https://www.water-pollution.org.uk/industrial-water-pollution/
 https://www.thenews.com.pk/archive/print/101904-hazardous-waste-
from-sugar-mills-affecting-locals-and-their-livelihood
 http://www.ijesd.org/vol6/622-T0026.pd
 https://www.dawn.com/news/1132002
 WHO, Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality, vol. 1, Geneva, 2004
 SIDA Report, “Environmental impact assessment,” Regional Plan for left
Bank of Indus, Delta and Coastal Zone, Sindh Irrigation and Drainage
Authority, Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan, 2013. 34

35. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Thankful to
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