Water pollution is a major problem in Pakistan, with 93% of water resources being used for agriculture and industry. The main sources of water pollution are municipal sewage, contaminated drinking water supply lines, and untreated industrial waste. Over 2,000 million gallons of sewage and 80% of industrial waste are discharged directly into surface water daily. This widespread water pollution leads to 40% of deaths in Pakistan being from water-borne diseases and poses serious risks to both human and environmental health. Solutions proposed include strengthening laws and agencies to regulate polluters, improving waste water treatment, and encouraging public awareness campaigns.

1. Water Pollution in
pakistan
Prepared by : Arjmand Muneer

2. Water Resources in the world

3. Water Pollution
 Water pollution is any chemical, biological, or physical change in
water quality that has a harmful effect on living organism or makes
water unsuitable for desired uses.

4. Use of Water Resources in Pakistan
PAKISTAN
93%
5% 2%
1
2
3
1. Agriculture
2. Industry
3. Domestic/public

5. Types
Surface water pollution
> found on the exterior of the Earth's crust, oceans,
rivers and lakes
Groundwater Pollution
>found in soil or under rock structure or aquifers

6. Types
Microbiological pollution
>microorganisms that thrives on water and fishes that
can cause illness to land animals and humans
Oxygen Depletion pollution
>microorganisms that in water and feeds on
biodegradable substances

7. Sources of water pollution
•Municipal Sewage/household
• Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions
• Industrial Water Pollution
• Agriculture Water Pollution

8. 1. Municipal Sewage
About 2,000 million gallons of sewage is being discharged to
surface water bodies every day in Pakistan (Pak-SCEA 2006)
RESULT:
• NCS states that 40% of death
are related to water born diseases

9. 2. Drinking Water Supply Lines Conditions
Water is contaminated with:
• Lead
• Cyanides
• Mercury
• Hospital waste
• Pharma waste
Only 10% of collected sewage is effectively treated

10. 3. Industrial Water Pollution
Major Industrial Contributors to Water Pollution in Pakistan
• Petrochemicals
• Paper and pulp
• Food processing
• Sugar
• Textile
• Cement
• Fertilizer
produce more than 80% of the total industrial Waste

11. • Tanneries
• It may take hundreds or even
thousands of years for pollutants
such as toxic metals from the
tanneries to be flushed out of a
contaminated aquifer

12. • In Pakistan, only 1% of wastewater is treated by industries before
being discharged directly into rivers and drains

13. INDUSTRIAL WASTES PER CITY
• In K.P, 80,000 m3 of industrial effluents containing a very high level of
pollutants are discharged every day into the river Kabul
• In Karachi, Sindh Industrial Trading Estate (SITE) and Korangi
Industrial and Trading Estate (KITE), two of the biggest industrial
estates in Pakistan, there is no effluent treatment plant and the waste
containing hazardous materials, heavy metals, oil etc. is discharged
into rivers.
• In Multan, a fertilizer factory discharges its waste untreated to
cultivated land causing death of livestock and increasing health risk to
humans. (WB-CWRAS Paper 8, 2005)

14. • In Lahore, only 3 out of some 100 industries using hazardous
chemicals treat their wastewater. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD)
levels in water courses receiving these wastes are as high as 800mg/l
and Mercury levels over 5 mg/l
• In Faisalabad, one of the biggest industrial cities, there is little
segregation of domestic and industrial wastes

15. 4. Agriculture
• Fertilizers(nitrates and phosphates)
• Pesticide

16. 5. Others sources
• Bacteria from sewage or livestock operation
• Petroleum hydrocarbons like Diesel, Gasoline, Jet fuel, Motor oil,
Detergents

17. EFFECTS

18. Effects on Humans
40% deaths in Pakistan
annually
Diseases caused by:
Drinking contaminated
water
Swimming in polluted
water
Contact with chemically
polluted water

19. Effects on Environment
Toxic water
Thermal heating
Our sources of
water

20. Effects on Animals
200 turtles in Australia’s surround
waters die each year

21. Effects on Animals
200 turtles in Australia’s surround
waters die each year

22. SOLUTIONS
a. Nonpoint Sources
• Reduce runoff
Infiltration trenches, FOR Lawns,Use
Filters
• Buffer zone vegetation
land near lack
• Reduce soil erosion
Filtration plants
b. POINT SOURCES
• Pakistan’s Environmental
Protection Act.
• Environment protection agency
should monitor investigate and
control pollution
• National Drinking Water Policy
• Ensure water quality standards

23. Water treatment plants

24. What You Can Do

25. Turn off running water

26. Be cautious of what you flush down
your sink and toilet

27. Fertilize correctly

28. Participate in a clean up

29. Join a special society devoted to the
prevention of water pollution

30. Spread awareness

31. THANK YOU!!!