The document discusses the industries and economy of Pakistan, as well as the history and modern practices of wall chalking and graffiti. It provides statistics on Pakistan's GDP and the industrial sector's contribution to the economy. It then covers the origins and evolution of graffiti, from ancient times to modern styles using spray paint. The document notes that the Sindh government passed an ordinance in 2013 outlawing wall chalking and graffiti, with penalties of up to six months in prison.

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3. RAHUL KUMAR MAHESHWARI
Student Of 3rd At Center For Environmental Sciences
University Of Sindh, Jamshoro
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4. • Industry as a source of
economic growth in Pakistan….
• Industry as a source of pollution….
• Wall chalking
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5. • Industry of Pakistan
• Economy of Pakistan
• Industries In Pakistan
• Wall chalking
 Etymology
 History
 Modern-style graffiti
 Methods and production
 Sindh govt outlaws wall-chalking, graffiti
 Acknowledgement
• References
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6. • Pakistan ranked as number 43-44 among the
countries of the world in nominal GDP, 26th in GDP
with purchasing power parity and number 55 in the
world in factory output.
• Pakistan's industrial sector accounts for
about 24% of GDP.
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7. • The economy of Pakistan is the 25th largest in the world in
terms of purchasing power parity (PPP), and 42nd largest in
terms of nominal gross domestic product.
• Pakistan has a population of over 207 million (the world's 5th-
largest), giving it a nominal GDP per capita of 1,641 in
2018, which ranks 147th in the world for 2016.
• However, Pakistan's undocumented economy is estimated to be
36% of its overall economy, which is not taken into
consideration when calculating per capita income.
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8. • Today the Nominal GDP of Pakistan is 283.0 billion USD with
annual growth rate of 5.79% which is better than previous
decades performance.
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9. • Mining and quarrying
• Fuel extraction industry
• Manufacturing
• Automotive Industry
• Technology
• Construction
• Electricity cables, poles,
• Gas and water supply pipes
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11. • AS we decode messages inherent in wall chalking, we get to
know motives behind it. The major motive behind wall
chalking is 'catharsis'. Through wall chalking, the common
man who does not possess economic and political power
expresses his opinion and his emotions.
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12. • In order to understand this, it is important to
study society and culture where wall chalking is
frequently seen. In societies where political
instability is prevalent and institutions are not
properly built, wall chalking is frequently
witnessed. In Pakistan this is happening due to
lack of political stability.
• Then comes the form of dictatorial and authoritarian
societies. In such societies power accumulated by one
man is so immense that it tends to deprive people of
their representation and even if representation is there,
it is a fraud to hide authoritarian tricks. This is in fact
linked with democracy because even for bad
democracy, more democracy is the only situation.
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13. • Graffiti is writing or drawings that have been scribbled,
scratched, or painted, typically illicitly, on a wall or other
surface, often within public view. Graffiti range from simple
written words to elaborate wall paintings, and they have
existed since ancient times, with examples dating back
to Ancient Egypt, Ancient Greece, and the Roman Empire.
• In modern times, paint (particularly spray paint) and marker
pens have become the most commonly used graffiti materials.
In most countries, marking or painting property without the
property owner's permission is considered defacement
and vandalism, which is a punishable crime.
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14. • Graffiti may also express underlying social
and political messages and a whole genre of
artistic expression is based upon spray paint
graffiti styles.
• Controversies that surround graffiti continue to create
disagreement amongst city officials, law enforcement,
and writers who wish to display and appreciate work in
public locations. There are many different types and
styles of graffiti; it is a rapidly developing art form
whose value is highly contested and reviled by many
authorities while also subject to protection, sometimes
within the same jurisdiction.
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15. • Spray paint has many negative environmental effects. The paint
contains toxic chemicals, and the can
uses chlorofluorocarbons or volatile hydrocarbon gases to
spray the paint onto a surface.
• As an alternative, moss graffiti is starting to catch
on, which uses moss to create text or images. The moss is
glued onto a surface by means of beer, buttermilk,
or yogurt combined with sugar.
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16. • Both "graffiti" and its occasional singular form "graffito" are
from the Italian word graffiato ("scratched").
• "Graffiti" is applied in art history to works of art produced by
scratching a design onto a surface.
• This technique was primarily used by potters who would glaze
their wares and then scratch a design into it.
• In ancient times graffiti were carved on walls with a sharp
object, although sometimes chalk or coalwere used.
• The word originates from Greek γράφειν—graphein—meaning
“to write”.
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17. • The term graffiti referred to the inscriptions, figure drawings,
and such, found on the walls of ancient sepulchres or ruins, as
in the Catacombs of Rome or at Pompeii. Use of the word has
evolved to include any graphics applied to surfaces in a manner
that constitutes vandalism.
• Ancient tourists visiting the 5th-century citadel at Sigiriya in
Sri Lanka scribbled over 1800 individual graffiti there between
the 6th and 18th centuries.
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19. • The first known example of "modern style“ graffiti survives in
the ancient Greek city of Ephesus (in modern-day Turkey).
Local guides say it is an advertisement for prostitution. Located
near a mosaic and stone walkway, the graffiti shows a
handprint that vaguely resembles a heart, along with a
footprint, a number, and a carved image of a woman's head.
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20. • The modern-day graffiti artist can be found with an arsenal of
various materials that allow for a successful production of a
piece. This includes such techniques as scribing.
However, spray paint in aerosol cans is the number one
medium for graffiti. From this commodity comes different
styles, technique, and abilities to form master works of graffiti.
Spray paint can be found at hardware and art stores and comes
in virtually every color.
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22. • KARACHI: The Sindh provincial government on
Saturday promulgated an ordinance prohibiting wall
chalking and graffiti. Violators of the law may now
end up serving up to six months in prison.
• Sindh Law Minister Mehmood Yusuf Mandviwalla said
he expects the promulgation of the Prevention of
Defacement of Property Ordinance, 2013, signed by
Governor Sindh, Ishratul Ibad, will put a stop to the
menace of unauthorized wall-chalking in the province
and prevent aesthetics of the cities from being ruined by
unwanted graffiti.
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Dawn.comApril 27, 2013

23. • KARACHI: The Sindh Assembly on Monday
approved a bill against wall chalking on public and
private properties in the province, Express
News reported.
• The bill was approved by a unanimous vote.
• According to the clauses of the bill, anyone found guilty
of wall chalking will be jailed for six months and fined
Rs5,000.
• As per the ordinance, people were not allowed to
disfigure any wall, building or property with an intention
to attract public attention by painting and wall chalking.
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25. Thankful to
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26. • https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Industry_of_Pa
kistan
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_Pa
kistan
• "Graffiti". Oxford Dictionaries.
Retrieved 2011-12-05.
• ^ "Graffito". Oxford English Dictionary.
• Oxford University Press. 2006.
• https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graffiti
• Dawn.comApril 27, 2013
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