THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
THIS COVERS HONEY COMB, BRIGHTON HONEY COMB, HUCK A BACK, DISTORTED THREAD EFFECT AND OTHER WEAVES.. IT IS VERY MUCH USEFUL TO TEXTILE DIPLOMA AND DEGREE STUDENTS
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
Pile fabrics: Manufacturing methods include woven pile fabric formation & others methods such as knit pile fabric, tufted pile fabrics etc. A "Terry" or a "Terry Towel" as is generally known is a woven pile fabric formed by slack tension weave process. of weaving.
THIS COVERS HONEY COMB, BRIGHTON HONEY COMB, HUCK A BACK, DISTORTED THREAD EFFECT AND OTHER WEAVES.. IT IS VERY MUCH USEFUL TO TEXTILE DIPLOMA AND DEGREE STUDENTS
VDQ pulley (Variable Dia for Quality Pulley): It is a very important part of the machine. It controls the quality of the product. Altering the position of the tension pulley changes the G.S.M. of the fabric.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
The circular knitting machine consists three major sections viz, yarn supply, knitting element and fabric take down.The needles are the most important stitch forming elements. They are displaced vertically up and down and are mounted into the tricks or cuts of the knitting cylinder.
The sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles.The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam plates so that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means of cams acting on the needle butts.
Modern looms still weave by repeating in sequence the operations of shedding, picking, and beating. In weaving technology, modern looms means shuttle less loom. Air jet and Rapier both are performed automatically with high production and commonly used in Bangladesh.
Terry fabric is a knitted fabric with ring yarn or terry covering at one or both sides. It belongs to one of the fancy knitted fabrics. Terry fabric is characterized by soft touch, thick texture, excellent water absorption and heat retention. Terry fabric can be divided into single-sided and double-sided terry loop fabrics. The terry can form pattern effect on the knitting surface distributed according to some certain rules. Terry fabric after shearing or other process can be turned into fleece fabric or velvet fabric.
The circular knitting machine consists three major sections viz, yarn supply, knitting element and fabric take down.The needles are the most important stitch forming elements. They are displaced vertically up and down and are mounted into the tricks or cuts of the knitting cylinder.
The sinker is the second primary knitting element. It is a thin metal plate with an individual or a collective action operating approximately at right angles from the hook side of the needle bed, between adjacent needles.The knitting cams are hardened steels and they are the assembly of different cam plates so that a track for butt can be arranged. Each needle movement is obtained by means of cams acting on the needle butts.
Modern looms still weave by repeating in sequence the operations of shedding, picking, and beating. In weaving technology, modern looms means shuttle less loom. Air jet and Rapier both are performed automatically with high production and commonly used in Bangladesh.
The textile industry has one of the largest environmental impacts in the world. Owing to ecological concerns, it is necessary to find ways to reduce these environmental impacts. This is true of denim because it is made of cotton, which in most cases is a polluting crop dyed with indigo, a dye with a damaging degree of fixation which initiates huge ecological problems. Life-cycle assessments provide data from every stage of a product's life, from the cradle to the grave (i.e., from raw material extraction through cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, use, repair and maintenance, and disposal or recycling). These data can be considered one of the first ways to reduce environmental impacts. Therefore, it is important to know the life-cycle assessment of denim and how it affects the ecosystem. This chapter provides some ideas about the life-cycle assessment and its importance, the life cycle of denim, the life-cycle assessment tool, phases of the life-cycle assessment and a life-cycle assessment of denim with actual data.Dr. Denim is your family. Your friend. Your every day companion. Someone you can turn to in every situation. Just like a perfect pair of jeans. Dr. Denim creates affordable staples to live your lifein, whether heading for a casual lunch, a wedding, the meeting or even to bed. Denim is always there with you. Extend yourself with a fashionably functional wardrobe that never lets you down, that breaks borders and makes room for life. Every day is a denim day
Denim is a sturdy cotton warp-faced textile in which the weft passes under two or more warp threads. This twill weaving produces a diagonal ribbing that distinguishes it from cotton duck. While a denim predecessor known as dungaree has been produced in India for hundreds of years, denim itself was first produced in the French city of Nîmes under the name “serge de Nîmes”.[2]
The most common denim is indigo denim, in which the warp thread is dyed, while the weft thread is left white. As a result of the warp-faced twill weaving, one side of the textile is dominated by the blue warp threads and the other side is dominated by the white weft threads. This causes blue jeans to be white on the inside. The indigo dyeing process, in which the core of the warp threads remains white, creates denim's signature fading characteristics.
A lab dip is a swatch of fabric test dyed to hit a color standard. It is a process by which buyer's supplied swatch is matched with the varying dyes percentage in the laboratory with or without help of spectrophotometer.
Trimmings and Accessories Used in Apparel Industry:
In garments manufacturing, fabrics is not the only material to make a garments. Several equipments are used here for both decorative and functional purposes. Where some are called trimmings and others are called accessories. But there’s so many who don’t know actually what is the difference between trimmings and accessories. As its importance, now I will present a table, by which you can easily differentiate between trimmings and accessories.
Sewing is an important department in garments manufacturing industry. All the parts of a garment are joined here by making stitch with the help of needle and thread. Where, sewing process flow chart helps to make a complete garment easily. By maintaining sewing process flow chart, an order can be completed in timely.
Fashion marketing and management involve the core functions of selling products and managing supply. Those on the marketing and management end of the fashion industry are tasked with the unique challenge of merging their creative aptitude and business acumen in order to generate brand awareness, which in turn generates sales. Both fashion marketers and managers create and execute well-planned marketing strategies aimed at keeping their retailers relevant by positioning them as stylish and better than their competitors.
opening your boutique entails a combination of hard work, patience, passion and lots of creativity. It would be a dream come true for any fashion designer to see his or her masterpiece featured in a fashion show or sold out in the market.
It sounds fabulous to create a boutique filled with items that you made. Moreover, through your designs, you can connect and create a bond between you and your customers. However, the road towards a successful clothing line or brand you want isn’t always smooth and easy.
Fashion designers do not lack artistic talent when creating pieces of clothing, but not all have what it takes to turn their passion into a profitable business. There will be a lot of challenges and difficulties along the way, but it will all be worth it in the end.
Though there are so many fashion lines or brands in the market today, but you can still distinguish those brands that give the sense of a total package with high-rated quality, superiority, and excellence in their products.
There are so many things to take note before opening your boutique, establishing your clothing line or brand, and being successful in the clothing industry. Nevertheless, the following tips are some of the things you need to take note of while going through that path towards success.
Prospects and future of fashion designingTUSHAR IQBAL
Fashion designers create original clothing, accessories, and footwear. ... about future trends using trend reports published by fashion industry trade groups. .... excellent portfolios, and industry experience will have the best job prospects
Nylon Fibers
Most nylon manufactured today is nylon 6.6, a chemical composition that was developed by DuPont in 1935. A thermoplastic material, the fiber is produced by combining equal parts diamine and dicarboxylic acid, which react and create nylon salt. This compound is high in carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen. The salt is heated and dehydrated to form the polymer, which is melted and spun to create the nylon fiber.
Rayon Fibers
One of the major differences between nylon and rayon is their chemical makeup. Rayon is made from organic matter. A cellulose fiber, meaning it's derived from wood, rayon is made from a high-grade wood pulp called "dissolving cellulose." The pulp is refined with a caustic soda or lye solution before it's streamed through a spinneret, a device that resembles a shower head. The fibers solidify in an alkali-based bath to produce fine silken fibers
This Introduction to Fashion Marketing course from London College of Fashion is ideal if you've no previous marketing experience or some experience in a non-fashion sector and want to learn how marketing principles work in the context of fashion.
Model in a modern gown reflecting the current fashion trend at a Haute couture fashion show, Paris, 2011
Fashion is a popular style, especially in clothing, footwear, lifestyle, accessories, makeup, hairstyle and body.Fashion is a distinctive and often constant trend in the style in which people present themselves. A fashion can become the prevailing style in behaviour or manifest the newest creations of designers, technologists, engineers, and design managers
The Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) (Bengali: বাংলাদেশ রপ্তানি প্রক্রিয়াকরণ অঞ্চল কর্তৃপক্ষ) is an agency of the Government of Bangladesh and is administered out of the Prime Minister's Office. Its objective is to manage the various export processing zones in Bangladesh. BEPZA currently oversees the operations of eight export processing zones (EPZ). A ninth zone is scheduled to open in the future. Recently government has announced that in 15 years 100 new EPZ and SEZ will be established.
Traditional bundle vs singlepcs systemTUSHAR IQBAL
THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK
THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK
THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK
THE HIGHEST HAPPINESS THAT ACCOMPANIES THE SUCCESSFUL COMPLETION OF ANY TUSK WOULD BE INCOMPLETE WITH OUT THE EXPRESSION OF GRATITUDE TO ALL THOSE PEOPLE WHO HAVE HELPED ME THOROUGH OUT THIS PROJECT AS SUCCESS IS THE ABSTRACT OF HARD WORK.
its help to present your presentation on (AATCC ASTM AND SGS) .it has all the history and every details ,and also every test and every machine they use and used also it has .
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
2. DEPARTMENT OF FASHION DESIGN AND
TECHNOLAGY
KAZI IQBAL HOSSAIN
Department : fdt
Id : 2163401030
Batch : 13th
3. Recentdevelopmentin denimmanufacturing
Introduction: Traditionally the denim fabric is made of 100 per cent cotton indigo dyed warp and
white weft yarn of coarser counts. Comfort and fit are very important aspects of denim garments.
So, a lot of research has being done to make stretch denims. elastane fibers are incorporated into the
fabric.
Lycra and Spandex are used in weft yarn.
Ring and open-end core spun yarns are also used in denim to provide stretch property.
4. Spinning section
Blow room
Carding machine
The function of carding machine-
Removal of extraneous and dust
Elimination of short fibers
Removal of neps
Blending properly
5. Spinning section
Draw Frames
In draw-frames, slivers from different carding machines are brought together to form a homogenous
blend and parallelism of the fibers is further enhanced. The fiber hookends that are a part of the fiber
nature are flattened and fibers are further elongated.
Roving Frames
Spinning – Ring Frames
6. Windingsection
The last phase of the yarn production is the Winding Process. Here the cops produced by the ring
machines are joined together and transformed into the bobbin format of specific length . The
joining process is very important from the point of view of productivity of the subsequent phases
where bobbins will be used and final appearance of the fabric. During the winding process , the
yarns are monitored for every mm of the way by high technology sensors on the bobbin machines
and the faulty areas that may affect the texture of the fabric are eliminated. Any yarn defects
(unevenness, yarn count, thin & thick places etc.) are detected and removed during winding. Yarn
spinning is completed by winding process.
7. warpingsection
Two methods of warping are practiced. These are ball warping and direct warping. Ball Warping –
from the point of view of color quality and authentic appearance is the preliminary preparation for
the Rope Dyeing Systemwhich is the preferred system of denim production. The yarns that will be
used in the warping of the fabric are stacked in the ball warping machines Creel section and all
brought to the front of the machine to be transformed into Rope . The Rope thus produced and
Cones are warped as ropes at ball warping and prepared for Indigo rope dyeing process.
8. Weaving section
Nowadays, different functions and processing steps are integrated into the weaving preparatory
processes to increase quality, flexibility and economic viability. Denim fabrics are mostly woven on
high speed airjet looms. Various loom manufacturers are offering a number of modifications to
weave fault free high quality fabric.
Main parts of weaving machine:
Warp beam
Heddles
Reed
Shuttle
Drop pin
Fabric beam
9. Developmentof Weavingmachine
here sheds the light on how the weaving machine manufacturers and woven fabric producers might
strengthen the weaving industry by further advanced the rapier technology with the help of electro-
mechanics, electronics, microprocessors, information technology and their application to the
production of woven fabrics. Development in Filling Insertion
• Picking Speed
• Prewinder Switch-off Monitoring
• Light and Small Rapier Head
• Developments in Shedding Mechanism
• Controllable Shed Geometry
• Electronic Setting of Shed Crossing
• Shortest Drive Path
10. Developmentof Weavingmachine
Development in Let-off Mechanism
The electronic motor driven let-off supplies the loom with necessary wrap yarn,
maintaining the yarn tension constant from full beam to empty beam. Let-off
speed is automatically calculated in context with loom speed, weft density, wrap
beam diameter & close loop tension control.
Developments in Take-Up Mechanism
11. Finishingsection
Finishing section is consists of :
Desizing.
Mercerizing.
Stentering.
Shrinkage controlling.
Functional finishes : Functional finishes such as antibacterial finishes, UV- protection
finishes are applied on denim fabrics to improve functional performances of denim
fabrics. The use of nano-clay is also reported to impart old look, soft handle, flame
retardant and antibacterial properties to denim fabrics.
12. Finishingmethod
Discontinuous finishing method for weftelastic denim
The semi-continuous finishing method for weft- elastic denim
The fully continuous finishing method for weft- elastic denim
The latest fully continuous finishing method for weft- elastic denim
13. Developmentof finishingsection-(Monfortspossibilitiesfor finishing
denim)
Monforts offers a wide variety of processes and ranges for the finishing of denim.
For the finishing of grey denim fabric after cleaning and singeing, for example (e.g),
padders, foam applicators, minimum-liquor applicators, numerous versions of
stretching- and skewing-units, dryers and compressive shrinkage ranges. Processes
and ranges are offered for desizing, mercerising, bleaching, stripping, continuous
dyeing, washing, drying and coating in order to create special effects.
14. Washing
Washing of denim garments is one of the most important processes. This process
adds a lot of value to the final garment. In the washing process, fading effect is
imparted to the denim products. There are many methods to impart faded effects.
The traditionally washing is done using any of the methods or combinations such as
stone washing, washing with strong bleaching agents such as sodium hypochlorite,
potassium per magnet.
There are two types of denim washing :
• Wet process
• Dry process
15. WETPROCESS
Rinse wash
Enzyme bleaching wash
Softeners wash
Acid wash
Rubber ball wash
Garments wash
Heavy enzyme and stone wash
Sand wash
Tie wash
17. Developmentin washingof denimfabrics
These processes are not environment friendly. Alternative methods have been developed.
Cellulases enzymes are used in place of pumice stone to impart abraded effect. Laccase based
bleaching technique is developed. This enzyme only attacks indigo dyed yarn bit does affect nature
of white weft yarn. It can also be used to bleach fabrics containing elastane filaments without losing
stretch property.
Laser based techniques are used to give faded effect. Further this technique can also be used to
create motifs on the denim fabrics.
Ozone base denim washing treatments have been developed. In this process, ozone gas is used as
bleaching agent, which attacks indigo dyes and destroy to create faded look.
18. WorldDenimMarket
The world denim market is likely to grow continuously for the next few years. However, supply is
growing at a faster pace.
World Jeans Market- 51.6$ Billion in 2007 and 56.2$ billion in 2014
Expected to become 61.4$ billion by 2021
Global demand growing at 7%, supply at 10%
Global Denim fabric production in 2015- 4.1 billion mtrs.
Over 50 percent of denim production is based in Asia with China, India, Turkey, Pakistan and
Bangladesh.
Between EU, US and China, 75% of world jeans consumption.
19. Estimated Share of Jeans Purchase By Region
North America : 39%
Western Europe : 20%
Japan & Korea : 10%
Rest of the world : 31%
20. No. Of DenimMillsWorldwide
Region No. Of Denim Mills
Asia(China) 297
Asia(Other countries) 104
North America 9
Europe 41
Latin America 46
Africa 15
Australia 3
Total Denim Mills (World) 515
21. Conclusion
In conclusion, it is well accepted that denim is an evergreen fashion and liked by all
irrespective of gender, age and profession. A lot of innovation and research are to
be done on continuous basis to fulfill requirements of diverse consumers keeping
in mind its impact on society and environment.
