The couple had 8 girls through successive pregnancies and wanted a boy, so they considered IVF with selection of male embryos. However, the obstetricians refused because there was no medical need given the couple could naturally conceive. The document then discusses the ethics of gender selection, including perspectives from different cultures and religions. While some view it as acceptable if the need is medical, others argue it should only be considered if absolutely necessary, and sex selection for non-medical reasons poses risks of social harm and gender bias. The laws around sex selection vary in different countries.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
First Successful IVF: Birth of Louise Brown in 1978
Rapid developments in the field of ART
Moral panic
Ethics
Ethical issues
Ethical concerns
Moral issues
Social issues
Religion
Case study
IVF errors can occur due to clinical, administrative, or embryo lab issues. While rare, mistakes are inevitable. Errors are graded based on their severity from none/minimal to major. Strict systems like double witnessing, barcodes, and electronic tracing can help avoid errors. If errors do occur, clinics should disclose this to patients to promote a culture of transparency and trust.
This document provides guidelines for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) compared to double embryo transfer (DET) following in vitro fertilization (IVF). It finds that while the cumulative live birth rate is lower for eSET than DET, eSET significantly reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. The guidelines recommend eSET for good prognosis patients aged 35 or younger in their first or second IVF attempt with at least 2 good quality embryos. This is intended to minimize twin pregnancies while maintaining acceptable live birth rates overall.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONaswathy krishna
This document discusses various ethical issues related to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and organ transplantation. It provides an overview of ARTs including in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and cloning. For IVF, it describes the basic process and notes both advantages like helping infertility as well as risks like multiple pregnancies. It discusses the first IVF babies and the growth of the IVF industry. For surrogacy, it defines traditional and gestational types and notes debates around commercial surrogacy and parental rights. For cloning, it explains the different types and highlights both potential medical benefits and risks/concerns about human cloning. The document also covers organ transplantation, including what can be donated, types of
Infertility can be caused by issues with sperm production, erectile dysfunction, or structural abnormalities in males. In females, infertility may be due to problems with ovulation, fallopian tubes, uterine lining, or advanced age. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) help overcome infertility through techniques like artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and surrogacy. ART involves stimulating a woman's ovaries, retrieving eggs, fertilizing them with sperm, and transferring embryos into the uterus, potentially helping many couples achieve pregnancy.
The document is a lecture on the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility according to 2022 ESHRE guidelines. It discusses various treatment options including medical treatment with hormonal therapies, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and fertility preservation. Key recommendations include that ovarian suppression should not be used to improve fertility. Surgery and ART may be considered depending on the stage of endometriosis and patient factors. Extensive counseling is recommended when discussing fertility preservation options.
The couple had 8 girls through successive pregnancies and wanted a boy, so they considered IVF with selection of male embryos. However, the obstetricians refused because there was no medical need given the couple could naturally conceive. The document then discusses the ethics of gender selection, including perspectives from different cultures and religions. While some view it as acceptable if the need is medical, others argue it should only be considered if absolutely necessary, and sex selection for non-medical reasons poses risks of social harm and gender bias. The laws around sex selection vary in different countries.
Selection of an embryo from a large number of embryos and then placing it to the uterus is known as selective embryo transfer. This fertility preservation process is usually done after the process of IVF cycle and cancels the risks of spontaneous transfer of multiple embryos. Have a look at the detailed description of elective single embryo transfer in the following ppt.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART)
First Successful IVF: Birth of Louise Brown in 1978
Rapid developments in the field of ART
Moral panic
Ethics
Ethical issues
Ethical concerns
Moral issues
Social issues
Religion
Case study
IVF errors can occur due to clinical, administrative, or embryo lab issues. While rare, mistakes are inevitable. Errors are graded based on their severity from none/minimal to major. Strict systems like double witnessing, barcodes, and electronic tracing can help avoid errors. If errors do occur, clinics should disclose this to patients to promote a culture of transparency and trust.
This document provides guidelines for elective single embryo transfer (eSET) compared to double embryo transfer (DET) following in vitro fertilization (IVF). It finds that while the cumulative live birth rate is lower for eSET than DET, eSET significantly reduces the risk of multiple pregnancies. The guidelines recommend eSET for good prognosis patients aged 35 or younger in their first or second IVF attempt with at least 2 good quality embryos. This is intended to minimize twin pregnancies while maintaining acceptable live birth rates overall.
ETHICAL ISSUES IN REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGY AND ORGAN TRANSPLANTATIONaswathy krishna
This document discusses various ethical issues related to assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and organ transplantation. It provides an overview of ARTs including in vitro fertilization (IVF), surrogacy, and cloning. For IVF, it describes the basic process and notes both advantages like helping infertility as well as risks like multiple pregnancies. It discusses the first IVF babies and the growth of the IVF industry. For surrogacy, it defines traditional and gestational types and notes debates around commercial surrogacy and parental rights. For cloning, it explains the different types and highlights both potential medical benefits and risks/concerns about human cloning. The document also covers organ transplantation, including what can be donated, types of
Infertility can be caused by issues with sperm production, erectile dysfunction, or structural abnormalities in males. In females, infertility may be due to problems with ovulation, fallopian tubes, uterine lining, or advanced age. Assisted reproductive technologies (ART) help overcome infertility through techniques like artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, and surrogacy. ART involves stimulating a woman's ovaries, retrieving eggs, fertilizing them with sperm, and transferring embryos into the uterus, potentially helping many couples achieve pregnancy.
The document is a lecture on the treatment of endometriosis-associated infertility according to 2022 ESHRE guidelines. It discusses various treatment options including medical treatment with hormonal therapies, surgery, assisted reproductive technologies (ART), and fertility preservation. Key recommendations include that ovarian suppression should not be used to improve fertility. Surgery and ART may be considered depending on the stage of endometriosis and patient factors. Extensive counseling is recommended when discussing fertility preservation options.
GnRH antagonist in Ovarian stimulation for IVF/ET, Prof. Usama M.Fouda umfrfouda
GnRH antagonists provide an alternative to GnRH agonists for ovarian stimulation in IVF by causing immediate suppression of gonadotropin release. Advantages include avoiding the initial flare effect seen with agonists and a lower risk of OHSS. Antagonists are given in either single or multiple dose protocols when follicles reach a certain size. While antagonists require less gonadotropin and have a shorter duration, asynchronous follicle development and higher early cycle estrogen levels are disadvantages. Pregnancy rates are now comparable between antagonist and agonist protocols, though the risk of OHSS is about half with antagonists.
Impact of Early Pregnancy---Lecture-2024ERWINPEJI2
Early pregnancy leads to physical changes in the body to support fetal growth and comes with certain health risks. It also often causes a shift in priorities as the focus turns to parenthood, potentially limiting educational and career opportunities and disrupting future plans. Additionally, early pregnancy can bring social consequences like stigma, relationship changes, and negative societal perceptions.
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta moderated a panel in “Milan”, the conference of all of the Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of West Bengal, held in Kolkata in February, 2022
1) The document discusses several types of IVF treatment with reduced stimulation including natural cycle IVF, modified natural cycle IVF, minimal stimulation IVF, and in-vitro maturation. These methods use lower doses of fertility drugs or no drugs at all to help reduce side effects, risks, and costs compared to conventional IVF.
2) It also discusses pre-implantation genetic screening which screens embryos for genetic abnormalities before transfer to help increase success rates, especially for older women. Techniques include biopsy of embryos followed by analysis using methods like aCGH, qPCR, or next generation sequencing.
3) Finally, the document discusses laser assisted hatching, a technique where an embryo's outer layer is
Immunological issues in recurrent implant failureArunSharma10
1. Despite growing evidence of the involvement of immunological alterations in recurrent implantation failure (RIF), there are no existing evidence-based guidelines focusing on immunological factors of RIF.
2. Antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the most frequent acquired risk factors for RIF. Antiphospholipid antibodies may induce a procoagulant state at the placenta through several mechanisms, leading to defective placentation and a relevant pathogenic mechanism in RIF.
3. Other immunological factors associated with RIF include the expansion of peripheral natural killer cells, deregulation of uterine natural killer cells, interactions between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and paternal HLA molecules on trophoblast cells,
Medical Management of Male Factor InfertilitySandro Esteves
The document discusses medical management strategies for male infertility. It begins by stating that empirical medical treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia is generally not effective. Specific medical therapies are recommended for subclinical male genital tract infections and hypogonadism. Hormonal therapy with hCG is the treatment of choice for adult-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Aromatase inhibitors may help overweight or obese men with aromatase hyperactivity and oligozoospermia. Antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and antihistamines have shown promise in treating subclinical male genital tract infections and reducing sperm DNA damage.
Fertility preservation options are important for cancer patients of reproductive age undergoing treatment. For women, established options include embryo freezing for married patients and oocyte freezing for single patients, both of which require delaying cancer treatment. Ovarian tissue freezing can be done at any age or relationship status and does not delay treatment, but reimplantation success is currently low. For pre-pubertal patients, ovarian tissue or testicular tissue freezing are the only available options. Future methods may allow in vitro gamete maturation or stem cell derived gametes. Multidisciplinary care and individualized counseling are key to help patients preserve their fertility whenever possible before cancer treatment.
1) Embryo transfer is the final step in IVF where embryos are placed in the uterus. Careful technique is important for success.
2) Factors that can affect the success of embryo transfer include embryo selection, the timing of the transfer, cervical infections, endometrial thickness and pattern, and experience of the provider.
3) During the procedure, gentle technique, ultrasound guidance, and depositing embryos slightly below the uterine fundus can help maximize the chances of implantation and pregnancy. Meticulous attention to factors before, during, and after embryo transfer is crucial.
This document summarizes current evidence on medical add-ons used in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It discusses adjuvants used to improve ovarian response and implantation success, including DHEA, growth hormone, antioxidants, artificial oocyte activation, estrogen, and metformin. For each adjuvant, the proposed mechanisms of action and available evidence from studies are summarized. In general, the evidence for most add-ons is limited and inconclusive due to small study sizes and heterogeneity. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish efficacy and safety.
Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology include:
1. The 1978 birth of Louise Brown, the first "test-tube baby", using in vitro fertilization without ovarian stimulation.
2. Developments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that have improved treatment options for male factor infertility and genetic disorders.
3. Continued research on techniques such as cryopreservation of eggs/embryos, stem cell therapy, and cloning that could further advance reproductive medicine if proven successful and safe.
This document discusses various methods for sex selection, both pre-implantation and post-implantation. Pre-implantation methods include the Ericsson method, IVF/PGD, and sperm sorting. Post-implantation methods include sex-selective abortion and infanticide. The most reliable method is PGD during IVF, which can select gender with near 100% accuracy. However, sex selection raises ethical concerns and is legally regulated differently in various countries and regions.
THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY REGULATION RULES, 2010
Members of drafting committee11 members
1- Sr Advocate Supreme Court of India
2 – Public Interest Legal Support and Research
3 – Dept of Family Welfare, M of Fam Wel and Research
5 – experts from the field of Reproductive Medicine
DEBATE - SHORT CERVIX - OS TIGHTNING BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses cervical cerclage, a surgical procedure used to treat and prevent preterm birth. It provides guidelines on when cervical cerclage is indicated based on history of prior preterm births or short cervical length on ultrasound. Major professional organizations like ACOG, RCOG, and SOGC recommend offering cervical cerclage to women with a history of late second trimester losses or prior preterm births before 34 weeks who currently have a short cervix. Cerclage placement can reduce the risks of preterm birth, low birthweight, and perinatal mortality.
PGT Applications and Biopsy procedures - COOK Media workshop- Dubai 2014Metwalley Metwalley
This document discusses preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) techniques used to identify genetic defects in embryos prior to implantation, including preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) to detect chromosomal abnormalities and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to detect single gene disorders. It provides details on the techniques of polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarrays, and biopsy methods at different embryonic stages. Key factors in selecting a PGT procedure include the accuracy, sensitivity, speed of the technique as well as the testing required, number of cells needed, and equipment and skills available.
Infertility is a growing problem caused by factors like delayed childbearing, diseases, pollution, diet, lack of exercise, and prior contraceptive or abortion procedures. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) involves fertilizing an egg outside the body by mixing it with sperm in a laboratory dish. The fertilized egg is then transferred to the uterus. Key steps in IVF include ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, egg retrieval, fertilizing the eggs with sperm in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. IVF has allowed many infertile couples to conceive and has resulted in over 5 million births worldwide.
Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology include:
1. The 1978 birth of Louise Brown, the first "test-tube baby", using in vitro fertilization without ovarian stimulation.
2. Developments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that have improved treatment options for male factor infertility and genetic disorders.
3. Continued research on techniques such as cryopreservation of eggs/embryos, stem cell therapy, and cloning that could further advance reproductive medicine if proven successful and safe.
GnRH antagonist in Ovarian stimulation for IVF/ET, Prof. Usama M.Fouda umfrfouda
GnRH antagonists provide an alternative to GnRH agonists for ovarian stimulation in IVF by causing immediate suppression of gonadotropin release. Advantages include avoiding the initial flare effect seen with agonists and a lower risk of OHSS. Antagonists are given in either single or multiple dose protocols when follicles reach a certain size. While antagonists require less gonadotropin and have a shorter duration, asynchronous follicle development and higher early cycle estrogen levels are disadvantages. Pregnancy rates are now comparable between antagonist and agonist protocols, though the risk of OHSS is about half with antagonists.
Impact of Early Pregnancy---Lecture-2024ERWINPEJI2
Early pregnancy leads to physical changes in the body to support fetal growth and comes with certain health risks. It also often causes a shift in priorities as the focus turns to parenthood, potentially limiting educational and career opportunities and disrupting future plans. Additionally, early pregnancy can bring social consequences like stigma, relationship changes, and negative societal perceptions.
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta moderated a panel in “Milan”, the conference of all of the Obstetric and Gynaecological Societies of West Bengal, held in Kolkata in February, 2022
1) The document discusses several types of IVF treatment with reduced stimulation including natural cycle IVF, modified natural cycle IVF, minimal stimulation IVF, and in-vitro maturation. These methods use lower doses of fertility drugs or no drugs at all to help reduce side effects, risks, and costs compared to conventional IVF.
2) It also discusses pre-implantation genetic screening which screens embryos for genetic abnormalities before transfer to help increase success rates, especially for older women. Techniques include biopsy of embryos followed by analysis using methods like aCGH, qPCR, or next generation sequencing.
3) Finally, the document discusses laser assisted hatching, a technique where an embryo's outer layer is
Immunological issues in recurrent implant failureArunSharma10
1. Despite growing evidence of the involvement of immunological alterations in recurrent implantation failure (RIF), there are no existing evidence-based guidelines focusing on immunological factors of RIF.
2. Antiphospholipid syndrome is one of the most frequent acquired risk factors for RIF. Antiphospholipid antibodies may induce a procoagulant state at the placenta through several mechanisms, leading to defective placentation and a relevant pathogenic mechanism in RIF.
3. Other immunological factors associated with RIF include the expansion of peripheral natural killer cells, deregulation of uterine natural killer cells, interactions between maternal killer immunoglobulin-like receptors and paternal HLA molecules on trophoblast cells,
Medical Management of Male Factor InfertilitySandro Esteves
The document discusses medical management strategies for male infertility. It begins by stating that empirical medical treatment of idiopathic oligozoospermia is generally not effective. Specific medical therapies are recommended for subclinical male genital tract infections and hypogonadism. Hormonal therapy with hCG is the treatment of choice for adult-onset hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Aromatase inhibitors may help overweight or obese men with aromatase hyperactivity and oligozoospermia. Antioxidants, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and antihistamines have shown promise in treating subclinical male genital tract infections and reducing sperm DNA damage.
Fertility preservation options are important for cancer patients of reproductive age undergoing treatment. For women, established options include embryo freezing for married patients and oocyte freezing for single patients, both of which require delaying cancer treatment. Ovarian tissue freezing can be done at any age or relationship status and does not delay treatment, but reimplantation success is currently low. For pre-pubertal patients, ovarian tissue or testicular tissue freezing are the only available options. Future methods may allow in vitro gamete maturation or stem cell derived gametes. Multidisciplinary care and individualized counseling are key to help patients preserve their fertility whenever possible before cancer treatment.
1) Embryo transfer is the final step in IVF where embryos are placed in the uterus. Careful technique is important for success.
2) Factors that can affect the success of embryo transfer include embryo selection, the timing of the transfer, cervical infections, endometrial thickness and pattern, and experience of the provider.
3) During the procedure, gentle technique, ultrasound guidance, and depositing embryos slightly below the uterine fundus can help maximize the chances of implantation and pregnancy. Meticulous attention to factors before, during, and after embryo transfer is crucial.
This document summarizes current evidence on medical add-ons used in in vitro fertilization (IVF). It discusses adjuvants used to improve ovarian response and implantation success, including DHEA, growth hormone, antioxidants, artificial oocyte activation, estrogen, and metformin. For each adjuvant, the proposed mechanisms of action and available evidence from studies are summarized. In general, the evidence for most add-ons is limited and inconclusive due to small study sizes and heterogeneity. High-quality randomized controlled trials are still needed to establish efficacy and safety.
Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology include:
1. The 1978 birth of Louise Brown, the first "test-tube baby", using in vitro fertilization without ovarian stimulation.
2. Developments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that have improved treatment options for male factor infertility and genetic disorders.
3. Continued research on techniques such as cryopreservation of eggs/embryos, stem cell therapy, and cloning that could further advance reproductive medicine if proven successful and safe.
This document discusses various methods for sex selection, both pre-implantation and post-implantation. Pre-implantation methods include the Ericsson method, IVF/PGD, and sperm sorting. Post-implantation methods include sex-selective abortion and infanticide. The most reliable method is PGD during IVF, which can select gender with near 100% accuracy. However, sex selection raises ethical concerns and is legally regulated differently in various countries and regions.
THE ASSISTED REPRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY REGULATION RULES, 2010
Members of drafting committee11 members
1- Sr Advocate Supreme Court of India
2 – Public Interest Legal Support and Research
3 – Dept of Family Welfare, M of Fam Wel and Research
5 – experts from the field of Reproductive Medicine
DEBATE - SHORT CERVIX - OS TIGHTNING BY DR SHASHWAT JANIDR SHASHWAT JANI
This document discusses cervical cerclage, a surgical procedure used to treat and prevent preterm birth. It provides guidelines on when cervical cerclage is indicated based on history of prior preterm births or short cervical length on ultrasound. Major professional organizations like ACOG, RCOG, and SOGC recommend offering cervical cerclage to women with a history of late second trimester losses or prior preterm births before 34 weeks who currently have a short cervix. Cerclage placement can reduce the risks of preterm birth, low birthweight, and perinatal mortality.
PGT Applications and Biopsy procedures - COOK Media workshop- Dubai 2014Metwalley Metwalley
This document discusses preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) techniques used to identify genetic defects in embryos prior to implantation, including preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) to detect chromosomal abnormalities and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) to detect single gene disorders. It provides details on the techniques of polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, microarrays, and biopsy methods at different embryonic stages. Key factors in selecting a PGT procedure include the accuracy, sensitivity, speed of the technique as well as the testing required, number of cells needed, and equipment and skills available.
Infertility is a growing problem caused by factors like delayed childbearing, diseases, pollution, diet, lack of exercise, and prior contraceptive or abortion procedures. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) involves fertilizing an egg outside the body by mixing it with sperm in a laboratory dish. The fertilized egg is then transferred to the uterus. Key steps in IVF include ovarian stimulation to produce multiple eggs, egg retrieval, fertilizing the eggs with sperm in vitro, embryo culture, and embryo transfer. IVF has allowed many infertile couples to conceive and has resulted in over 5 million births worldwide.
Recent advances in assisted reproductive technology include:
1. The 1978 birth of Louise Brown, the first "test-tube baby", using in vitro fertilization without ovarian stimulation.
2. Developments like intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) that have improved treatment options for male factor infertility and genetic disorders.
3. Continued research on techniques such as cryopreservation of eggs/embryos, stem cell therapy, and cloning that could further advance reproductive medicine if proven successful and safe.
The document discusses patients' rights in Saudi Arabia. It outlines the ethical basis for patients' rights and defines key rights such as the right to treatment, access to care, choice of care, participation in decision making, privacy and confidentiality, seeking second opinions, and end-of-life care. It discusses these rights in the context of Islamic guidance and Saudi law. Specific patient rights addressed include consent to treatment, privacy, safety, participation in research studies, complaints procedures, and additional considerations for special groups like children, the elderly, and those with psychiatric or special needs. The document emphasizes informing both patients and healthcare providers about patients' rights.
المنظور الاسلامي للصحة والمرض وأحكام التداوي بالمحرمات أعدقها وقدمها البروفيسور محمد الركبان وأعاد تقديمها د. غياث محمد عباس في 20-3-2017م لطلاب الطب بكلية الفارابي بالرياض
والشكوك المجتمعية حول التقنية
قائمة
تجميد البويضات والحيوانات املنوية، نساء من
املغرب اقرتبت من هذا امللف الشائك لتنرش لكم
كل ما تريدون معرفته عن هذه التقنية يف السطور
القليلة القادمة
على اثر الجدل الإعلامي حول المثلية وبعيداً عن الإثارة , أطباء ضد الدكتاتورية تطرق إلى مسألة المثلية من حيث البعد البيولوجي والسيسيولوجي
البعد البيولوجي
البعد السوسيولوجي
نظرية التطور عند المسلمين (بروفيسور محمد علي البار
ويقدم فيها سردا تاريخيا لنظريات نشأة الخلق وخلق آدم وكيف ان نظرية التطور هي نظرية علمية وليس دينية لكن تم استغلالها لمحاربة الكنيسة
Ethical considerations in research during armed conflicts.pptxDr Ghaiath Hussein
My talk @AUBMC Salim El-Hoss Bioethics Webinar Series. In this webinar, we have discussed the following points:
1- How armed conflicts affect the planning and conduct of research?
2- What is ethically unique about research during armed conflicts?
3- How did my doctoral project approach these ethical issues both at the normative and the empirical levels?
4- What are the lessons learned from the conflicts in the middle east (Sudan, Syria, Yemen, etc.) and how do they differ from the situation in Ukraine?
Acknowledgement: This talk is based on my doctoral thesis (http://etheses.bham.ac.uk/8580/), which was fully funded by Wellcome Trust, UK.
Medically Assisted Dying in (MAiD) Ireland - Mapping the Ethical Terrain (May...Dr Ghaiath Hussein
This document outlines a presentation on mapping the ethical terrain of medically assisted dying (MAiD) in Ireland. It does not take a stance but provides a framework to guide conceptual discussion. It focuses on the decision, decision makers, and outcomes using Canada as an example country that has legalized MAiD. Key ethical questions are raised about patients' autonomy and consent, physicians' conflicting duties, and impacts on public perception and resource allocation. Data from Canada on MAiD providers and annual reported deaths is presented. The conclusion emphasizes the need for evidence from all stakeholders and learning from other jurisdictions' experiences before a decision is made.
Research or Not Research? This Is Not the Question for Public Health Emergencies
November 17, 2021 @ 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm EST
Speaker:
Ghaiath Hussein, Assistant Professor, Medical Ethics and Law, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
About this Seminar:
Public health emergencies, whether natural or man-made, local or global, in peacetime or during armed conflicts are always associated with the need to collect data (and sometimes biological samples) about and from those affected by these emergencies. One of the central questions in the relevant literature is whether the activities that involve the collection of data and/or biological samples are considered ‘research’, with the subsequent endeavour to define what ‘research’ is and whether they should be submitted for ethical approval or not. In this seminar, I will argue that this is not the central question when it comes to research/public health/humanitarian ethics. Using the findings of a systematic review on the research conducted in Darfur and findings from a qualitative project that aimed at defining what constitutes ‘research’ in public health emergencies I will, alternatively, present what I refer to as the ‘ethical characterization’ of these research-like activities and how they can be ethically guided.
Medically assisted dying in (MAiD) Ireland - mapping the ethical terrainDr Ghaiath Hussein
This document provides an outline for a presentation on medically assisted dying (MAiD) in Ireland. It aims to establish an ethical framework for conceptual discussion of MAiD by considering: the decision, the decision makers, and the outcome. It does not endorse any viewpoint. The presentation raises several ethical questions around patient autonomy and consent, concepts of life and death, the role of healthcare providers, and impacts on community and public trust. Examples are provided from Canada, where MAiD is legal, to illustrate challenges in practice. The document stresses the need for evidence from all stakeholders and learning from other jurisdictions' experiences before legalizing MAiD in Ireland.