Struggle for democracy in myanmar
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Struggle for democracy in myanmar
The document summarizes the struggle for democracy in Myanmar. In 1962, a military coup ended Myanmar's brief period of democratic rule after independence from Britain in 1948. Elections held in 1990 saw Aung San Suu Kyi's party win, but the military refused to recognize the results and placed Sui Kyi under house arrest. The people of Myanmar demand a return to democracy and complain that the military rulers deprive them of political freedom, the right to vote and elect leaders, and freedom of speech and association. The military rulers react harshly to any dissent, imprisoning or attacking people who speak out. Aung San Suu Kyi has been the prominent leader fighting for democracy despite long periods of house
Myanmar democracy
The document provides background information on Myanmar, including its capital, population, languages, religions, and historical names. It discusses the history of Burma/Myanmar from independence from Britain to the current military junta, the struggle for democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi, human rights issues facing the country, and the diverse ethnic groups. The ruling military junta is accused of widespread human rights abuses and over half the budget is spent on the military. Pro-democracy groups like the National League for Democracy and National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma continue working for democratic change.
Phases of democracy
The earliest democracy began in Athens in 510 BC where initially they had a monarchy and later a tyranny system. In 800 BC an oligarchy system ruled but the Athenians wanted a just system so democracy was established. In Athens, 500 citizens were selected each year to make laws and all citizens could vote. However, only men could vote, not women, children or slaves. Most modern democracies follow an indirect democracy system with representatives rather than direct democracy.
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The document discusses different forms of government, including representative democracy, parliamentary democracy, proportional democracy, and authoritarianism democracy. Representative democracy involves citizens electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf, while proportional democracy involves citizens voting directly for political parties with representatives assigned based on the popular vote. Authoritarianism democracy concentrates political power in the hands of a small group like a monarch, oligarchy, or military dictatorship rather than citizens. The document suggests proportional democracy best serves citizens by allowing direct voting for parties to achieve an accurate representation of the public will in government.
Myanmar
Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country located along the Bay of Bengal between India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. It has a long history of British colonial rule until gaining independence in 1948. In 1962 a military coup turned the country into a dictatorship that severely limited political and economic freedom. While reforms have begun in recent years, Myanmar has struggled with poverty and human rights issues due to decades of isolation and mismanagement under military rule. Buddhism is the dominant religion in the majority Buddhist country.
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Struggle for democracy in myanmar
The document summarizes the struggle for democracy in Myanmar. In 1962, a military coup ended Myanmar's brief period of democratic rule after independence from Britain in 1948. Elections held in 1990 saw Aung San Suu Kyi's party win, but the military refused to recognize the results and placed Sui Kyi under house arrest. The people of Myanmar demand a return to democracy and complain that the military rulers deprive them of political freedom, the right to vote and elect leaders, and freedom of speech and association. The military rulers react harshly to any dissent, imprisoning or attacking people who speak out. Aung San Suu Kyi has been the prominent leader fighting for democracy despite long periods of house
Myanmar democracy
The document provides background information on Myanmar, including its capital, population, languages, religions, and historical names. It discusses the history of Burma/Myanmar from independence from Britain to the current military junta, the struggle for democracy led by Aung San Suu Kyi, human rights issues facing the country, and the diverse ethnic groups. The ruling military junta is accused of widespread human rights abuses and over half the budget is spent on the military. Pro-democracy groups like the National League for Democracy and National Coalition Government of the Union of Burma continue working for democratic change.
Phases of democracy
The earliest democracy began in Athens in 510 BC where initially they had a monarchy and later a tyranny system. In 800 BC an oligarchy system ruled but the Athenians wanted a just system so democracy was established. In Athens, 500 citizens were selected each year to make laws and all citizens could vote. However, only men could vote, not women, children or slaves. Most modern democracies follow an indirect democracy system with representatives rather than direct democracy.
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Myanmar
Myanmar, also known as Burma, is a Southeast Asian country located along the Bay of Bengal between India, Bangladesh, and Thailand. It has a long history of British colonial rule until gaining independence in 1948. In 1962 a military coup turned the country into a dictatorship that severely limited political and economic freedom. While reforms have begun in recent years, Myanmar has struggled with poverty and human rights issues due to decades of isolation and mismanagement under military rule. Buddhism is the dominant religion in the majority Buddhist country.
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Direct and indirect elections
This document discusses direct and indirect elections. Direct elections allow voters to directly cast ballots for political candidates or parties. Indirect elections involve voters selecting electors who then choose political leaders. Some advantages of direct elections are that it gives citizens direct choice over their representatives. Indirect elections are used in countries like Pakistan, India, and Turkey to select heads of state. Advocates argue it can select more qualified leaders, but critics say it is less democratic and opens the system to more political corruption.
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2. It defines democracy as a system of government where power lies with the people. The core principles of democracy include dignity of the individual, equality, political and social liberties.
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This document provides an introduction to democracy, including definitions and objectives. It discusses the meaning of democracy, noting that the word comes from the Greek words "demos" meaning people and "kratia" meaning rule. Abraham Lincoln's definition of democracy as "government of the people, by the people, for the people" is presented. The document outlines different forms of government including monarchy, dictatorship, military dictatorship, and communist government. It provides examples of each type and notes key features like the concentration of power and lack of democratic values in dictatorships and military rule. The objectives are to understand democracy, different government types, elections, and responsibilities in a democratic system.
Democratic rights
Elections and institutions need to be combined with a third element – enjoyment of rights – to make a government democratic. Even the most properly elected rulers working through the established institutional process must learn not to cross some limits. Citizens’ democratic rights set those limits in a democracy.
This is what we take up in this chapter. We begin by discussing some real life cases to imagine what it means to live without rights. This leads to a discussion on what we mean by rights and why do we need them. As in the previous chapters, the general discussion is followed by a focus on India. We discuss one by one the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. Then we turn to how these rights can be used by ordinary citizens. Who will protect and enforce them? Finally we take a look at how the scope of rights has been expanding.
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The document discusses different political party systems including one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides examples of countries that use each system and notes the pros and cons. It also covers the US political spectrum, differences between political planks and platforms, types of elections, and techniques used in political campaigning and persuasion.
Media Freedom
The document discusses media freedom and its importance in a democratic society. It provides arguments for why freedom of the press is essential to hold governments and institutions accountable, provide information to citizens, and protect democracy. It also acknowledges some of the potential disadvantages like media bias and influence over public opinion. The document examines examples of media freedom and its misuse in different countries like Pakistan and how press freedom is protected in the United States through the First Amendment.
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2. Authorizing federal oversight of voter registration and elections in states and local governments with a history of discrimination. This federal oversight ensured that African Americans in the South could finally exercise their right to vote free from intimidation and unfair barriers.
3. Dramatically increasing the number of registered African American voters and the number who turned out to vote. Within 5 years of the Voting Rights Act, voter registration and turnout among African Americans
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Burma presentation
Burma is ruled by a brutal military dictatorship that has committed many human rights abuses against civilians. Elections are not free and fair, with the National League for Democracy winning in 1990 but the dictatorship refusing the results. The dictatorship spends little on healthcare, education, or poverty alleviation, instead prioritizing the military. Organizations like Burma Campaign UK and NASUWT promote human rights and democracy in Burma through activities like donations, protests, and developing links between activists.
Regional parties and its implications in India
India as a country has undergone many changes since its attainment of independence 68 years ago. Economic, social and political aspirations of the people have also undergone tremendous changes. The various political parties, organizations, movements are the guiding force behind these changes. Especially Politics, inter alia, plays an important role in shaping the people’s perception of their country, of their development and well-being. The political party in power in a particular region and its ideology vastly determines the conditions of the people of that region. Hence the birth of any political party has direct connection with the well-being of its citizens.
Iranian politics in transition
The 2009 Iranian presidential election saw widespread protests claiming voter fraud after incumbent President Ahmadinejad was re-elected. Mass demonstrations erupted across Iran with protesters clashing with pro-government supporters. Since then, Iran has seen ongoing internal struggles between reformists seeking greater democracy and conservatives supporting the theocratic system, while also facing international pressure over its nuclear program.
Social project work-political parties
1. Political parties are necessary in modern democracies to organize candidates, form coherent policy platforms, and establish stable governments.
2. Political parties face challenges like a lack of internal democracy, misuse of money and power, and not offering meaningful choices to voters.
3. Reforms like funding limits, anti-defection laws, and organizing internal elections aim to address these challenges and improve how parties function in democracies.
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The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) was established in 1977 to fight for women's rights and equality in Afghanistan. RAWA believes that freedom and democracy must be achieved through the people of a country fighting for it, not being donated. Currently, RAWA continues to advocate for women's rights and hold events to raise awareness about the situation in Afghanistan, where religion dictates law and women are often regarded as property with little recognition. To support their efforts, readers are encouraged to subscribe to RAWA's mailing list to stay informed about their work worldwide.
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Nationalism In Japan
After Japan opened up to foreign trade and influence, Emperor Meiji took power and pursued a nationalist agenda to modernize and strengthen Japan. He centralized political power, adopted a new constitution, established a public education system, accelerated industrialization, and sent students abroad to learn Western ways so Japan could compete globally while preserving traditional Japanese values and culture. This allowed Meiji to effectively unite the Japanese people behind nationalist ideals of a modern yet culturally distinct Japan.
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Direct and indirect elections
This document discusses direct and indirect elections. Direct elections allow voters to directly cast ballots for political candidates or parties. Indirect elections involve voters selecting electors who then choose political leaders. Some advantages of direct elections are that it gives citizens direct choice over their representatives. Indirect elections are used in countries like Pakistan, India, and Turkey to select heads of state. Advocates argue it can select more qualified leaders, but critics say it is less democratic and opens the system to more political corruption.
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Are there effect of the size of political parties to the Democracy Index values as reported by the Economist Intelligence Unit....find out about Nigeria and other African countries
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2. It defines democracy as a system of government where power lies with the people. The core principles of democracy include dignity of the individual, equality, political and social liberties.
3. Preparing students for democracy is a key goal of education. Education for democracy involves developing personality, leadership skills, vocational efficiency, and democratic citizenship through understanding and internalizing democratic philosophies.
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The document outlines three major types of government: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy. It then discusses the key characteristics of democracy, including equality under the law, majority rule and minority rights, free and open elections, and competing political parties. Finally, it lists several conditions that favor the development and survival of democracy, such as active citizen participation, a strong economy, an educated public, a strong civil society, and social consensus around democratic values.
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This document discusses the violation of women's human rights in India. It begins by establishing that the Indian constitution guarantees equal rights for both men and women. However, in practice women face wide discrimination and are often considered subordinate to men in Indian society. Some key violations discussed include preferential treatment and nutrition of boys over girls, leading to health issues for women. Women also face lack of access to education, political representation, property rights, and equal pay for equal work. While laws have aimed to improve women's status, true equality remains far from reality with crimes against women like rape, dowry deaths, trafficking, and sexual harassment continuing to increase. Overall, the document analyzes how women's fundamental rights are regularly violated in India despite legal
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This document provides an introduction to democracy, including definitions and objectives. It discusses the meaning of democracy, noting that the word comes from the Greek words "demos" meaning people and "kratia" meaning rule. Abraham Lincoln's definition of democracy as "government of the people, by the people, for the people" is presented. The document outlines different forms of government including monarchy, dictatorship, military dictatorship, and communist government. It provides examples of each type and notes key features like the concentration of power and lack of democratic values in dictatorships and military rule. The objectives are to understand democracy, different government types, elections, and responsibilities in a democratic system.
Democratic rights
Elections and institutions need to be combined with a third element – enjoyment of rights – to make a government democratic. Even the most properly elected rulers working through the established institutional process must learn not to cross some limits. Citizens’ democratic rights set those limits in a democracy.
This is what we take up in this chapter. We begin by discussing some real life cases to imagine what it means to live without rights. This leads to a discussion on what we mean by rights and why do we need them. As in the previous chapters, the general discussion is followed by a focus on India. We discuss one by one the Fundamental Rights in the Indian Constitution. Then we turn to how these rights can be used by ordinary citizens. Who will protect and enforce them? Finally we take a look at how the scope of rights has been expanding.
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The document discusses different political party systems including one-party, two-party, and multi-party systems. It provides examples of countries that use each system and notes the pros and cons. It also covers the US political spectrum, differences between political planks and platforms, types of elections, and techniques used in political campaigning and persuasion.
Media Freedom
The document discusses media freedom and its importance in a democratic society. It provides arguments for why freedom of the press is essential to hold governments and institutions accountable, provide information to citizens, and protect democracy. It also acknowledges some of the potential disadvantages like media bias and influence over public opinion. The document examines examples of media freedom and its misuse in different countries like Pakistan and how press freedom is protected in the United States through the First Amendment.
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The Voting Rights Acts of 1965 had a tremendously positive effect on African Americans' participation in government by:
1. Abolishing discriminatory voter registration laws and practices in many states, such as literacy tests and poll taxes, that had previously prevented many African Americans from registering to vote.
2. Authorizing federal oversight of voter registration and elections in states and local governments with a history of discrimination. This federal oversight ensured that African Americans in the South could finally exercise their right to vote free from intimidation and unfair barriers.
3. Dramatically increasing the number of registered African American voters and the number who turned out to vote. Within 5 years of the Voting Rights Act, voter registration and turnout among African Americans
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Democracy first emerged in ancient Greek city-states like Athens in 508 BC, where male citizens voted directly on laws. Modern democracy began taking shape in the 17th-18th centuries through events like the English Glorious Revolution, which established the rule of law, and the French Revolution, which overthrew the monarchy and declared liberty and equality for all. Today, a country is considered democratic if it holds free and fair elections, protects civil liberties, and enforces the rule of law.
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Burma is ruled by a brutal military dictatorship that has committed many human rights abuses against civilians. Elections are not free and fair, with the National League for Democracy winning in 1990 but the dictatorship refusing the results. The dictatorship spends little on healthcare, education, or poverty alleviation, instead prioritizing the military. Organizations like Burma Campaign UK and NASUWT promote human rights and democracy in Burma through activities like donations, protests, and developing links between activists.
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India as a country has undergone many changes since its attainment of independence 68 years ago. Economic, social and political aspirations of the people have also undergone tremendous changes. The various political parties, organizations, movements are the guiding force behind these changes. Especially Politics, inter alia, plays an important role in shaping the people’s perception of their country, of their development and well-being. The political party in power in a particular region and its ideology vastly determines the conditions of the people of that region. Hence the birth of any political party has direct connection with the well-being of its citizens.
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2. Political parties face challenges like a lack of internal democracy, misuse of money and power, and not offering meaningful choices to voters.
3. Reforms like funding limits, anti-defection laws, and organizing internal elections aim to address these challenges and improve how parties function in democracies.
Rawa
The Revolutionary Association of the Women of Afghanistan (RAWA) was established in 1977 to fight for women's rights and equality in Afghanistan. RAWA believes that freedom and democracy must be achieved through the people of a country fighting for it, not being donated. Currently, RAWA continues to advocate for women's rights and hold events to raise awareness about the situation in Afghanistan, where religion dictates law and women are often regarded as property with little recognition. To support their efforts, readers are encouraged to subscribe to RAWA's mailing list to stay informed about their work worldwide.
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Aung san suu kyi
Aung San Suu Kyi is a Burmese politician and Nobel Peace Prize winner who has campaigned for democracy and human rights in Myanmar for decades. She served 15 years under house arrest for her opposition to authoritarian military rule. Suu Kyi leads Myanmar's National League for Democracy party and became the first State Counsellor of Myanmar in 2016, serving as the country's de facto leader. She advocates for non-violent democratic reform through courage, determination, and pragmatic leadership.
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Democracy, dictatorship, and development were discussed. Democracy refers to government by the people through elections with freedoms, while dictatorship is rule by one person or party without freedoms. Development requires meeting people's basic needs, equality, jobs, education, and self-sufficiency. Democracy is argued to better promote development through equality, quality decisions, conflict resolution, and correcting mistakes. Some criticize democracy as ineffective or allowing poor leadership, but it is seen as generally empowering citizens and leading to stability and rights. Most developed countries today have democratic governments.
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The document provides background information on Myanmar, including that it borders several Southeast Asian countries and was formerly known as Burma. It discusses Myanmar gaining independence in 1948 but experiencing a military coup in 1962 that ended democratic rule. While elections were held in 1990, the military refused to recognize the election results and detained pro-democracy leaders, including Aung San Suu Kyi. Despite ongoing restrictions, Suu Kyi continued campaigning for democracy from house arrest and won the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts, though Myanmar is still working to establish a true democracy.
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1) Democracy refers to a system of government where people elect representatives and have freedoms like speech. Dictatorships concentrate power in one person or party without people's consent.
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Struggle for democracy in myanmar
- 2. What is democracy ? • Democracy is a form of government in which all eligible citizens participate equally—either directly or indirectly through elected representatives—in the proposal, development, and creation of laws. • It encompasses social, religious, cultural, ethnic and racial equality, justice, liberty and fraternity.
- 3. The symbol of democracy
- 4. What is non-democracy? • The term non-democratic refers to forms of government, or proposed implementations of such, which are diametrically opposed to democracy. • "Non-democratic" may refer to: • Authoritarianism • Democratic deficit • Fascism • Monarchy • Political repression • Totalitarianism
- 6. List of non-democratic countries • Myanmar • Saudi Arabia • Kuwait • Jordon • Morocco • Bhutan • Brunei • United Arab Emirates • Oman
- 7. Myanmar • Myanmar officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by Bangladesh, India, China, Laos . • One third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.
- 10. Flag of Myanmar
- 11. Why it is non-democratic? • The people of Myanmar elected Aung San Suu Kyi. But the military leaders of Myanmar refused to step down and did not accept the election's results. • Besides, the military put the elected pro-democracy leaders , including Aung San Suu Kyi,under house arrest . Aung San Suu Kyi continued her struggle for democracy .
- 12. •Her struggle has won international fame . She has also been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.Although the people of Myanmar are still struggling to bring a democratic government in their country.
- 13. Main complaints and demands of the people • In Myanmar as the military junta has cracked down on a lot of human rights and freedoms, so they cannot congregate, protest the government and travel both within the country and outside the country is very restricted. • In Myanmar, the people have no security of life.
- 14. •People are not free to express their opinions. Criticizing the government or rulers in Myanmar would lead to severe punishments. •There is no freedom for the people either to elect their government or to be elected. • Even if they find any government or ruler not to their benefit or well-being, they can not change it since there is no election.
- 15. Struggle of a brave woman •Aung San Suu Kyi AC is a Burmese opposition politician and chairperson of the National League for Democracy (NLD) in Burma.
- 16. •In the 1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats . •She had, however, already been detained under house arrest before the elections. • She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13 November 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners.
- 17. Suuki’ s struggles for the nation • Aung San Suu ki joined the struggle as she felt she could not stay away from this struggle for democracy. In a speech, she said, “I could not, as my father’s daughter remain indifferent to all that was going on.” • In September, 1988, National League for Democracy was formed with Aung San Suu Kyi as it’s General Secretary.
- 18. •She was influenced by the philosophy of non-violence – advocated by Mahatma Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr. – and some Buddhist concepts. She was put under house arrest on 20 July, 1989. •She was offered freedom if she agreed to leave the country, but she refused. •In 1990, her party won the general elections with a comfortable majority, despite the fact that she was under house arrest and had not contested the elections.
- 20. Conclusion
- 22. Group Members • S. Arvinth Suriyan (Group leader) •S. Ajay • S. Ashwin Arunachalam • K.G.Arvind