This unit covers Types of stresses & strains,
Hooke’s law, stress-strain diagram,
Working stress,
Factor of safety,
Lateral strain,
Poisson’s ratio, volumetric strain,
Elastic moduli,
Deformation of simple and compound bars under axial load,
Analysis of composite bar with varying cross section.
Strength of Materials Lecture - 2
Elastic stress and strain of materials (stress-strain diagram)
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology.
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
This unit covers Types of stresses & strains,
Hooke’s law, stress-strain diagram,
Working stress,
Factor of safety,
Lateral strain,
Poisson’s ratio, volumetric strain,
Elastic moduli,
Deformation of simple and compound bars under axial load,
Analysis of composite bar with varying cross section.
Strength of Materials Lecture - 2
Elastic stress and strain of materials (stress-strain diagram)
Mehran University of Engineering and Technology.
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
ppt about simple stress and strains. use full for B.E. in 3 semester. all content of chapter are covered in this ppt. i hope this is useful fore some peoples.if you like then plz click lick.
The relationship between stress and deformation will be covered in this section, and some of the important elastic material properties such as Young’s modulus and the modulus of rigidity will be defined.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This is a ppt which will give u a better understanding of fracture toughness of a material in short time. It also has great exposure to testing method that we do in our laboratory class in undergraduate courses. So good luck with slide.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
Mechanics of Solids or Solid mechanics is the branch of mechanics which studies about the behavior of solid materials under the action of Forces and Temperature changes.
Structural Integrity Analysis: Chapter 3 Mechanical Properties of MaterialsIgor Kokcharov
Structural Integrity Analysis features a collection of selected topics on structural design, safety, reliability, redundancy, strength, material science, mechanical properties of materials, composite materials, welds, finite element analysis, stress concentration, failure mechanisms and criteria. The engineering approaches focus on understanding and concept visualization rather than theoretical reasoning. The structural engineering profession plays a key role in the assurance of safety of technical systems such as metallic structures, buildings, machines, and transport. The third chapter explains the engineering tests and fundamentals of mechanical properties of materials.
ppt about simple stress and strains. use full for B.E. in 3 semester. all content of chapter are covered in this ppt. i hope this is useful fore some peoples.if you like then plz click lick.
The relationship between stress and deformation will be covered in this section, and some of the important elastic material properties such as Young’s modulus and the modulus of rigidity will be defined.
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
This is a ppt which will give u a better understanding of fracture toughness of a material in short time. It also has great exposure to testing method that we do in our laboratory class in undergraduate courses. So good luck with slide.
This presentation is for mechanical engineering/ civil engineering students to help them understand the different type of destructive mechanical testing of materials. The tensile testing, hardness, impact test procedures are explained in detail.
Mechanics of Solids or Solid mechanics is the branch of mechanics which studies about the behavior of solid materials under the action of Forces and Temperature changes.
Structural Integrity Analysis: Chapter 3 Mechanical Properties of MaterialsIgor Kokcharov
Structural Integrity Analysis features a collection of selected topics on structural design, safety, reliability, redundancy, strength, material science, mechanical properties of materials, composite materials, welds, finite element analysis, stress concentration, failure mechanisms and criteria. The engineering approaches focus on understanding and concept visualization rather than theoretical reasoning. The structural engineering profession plays a key role in the assurance of safety of technical systems such as metallic structures, buildings, machines, and transport. The third chapter explains the engineering tests and fundamentals of mechanical properties of materials.
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension Object .docxSANSKAR20
Experiment 4 - Testing of Materials in Tension
Object: The object of this experiment is to measure the tensile properties of two polymeric
materials, steel and aluminum at a constant strain rate on the Tension testing machine.
Background: For structural applications of materials such as bridges, pressure vessels, ships,
and automobiles, the tensile properties of the metal material set the criteria for a safe design.
Polymeric materials are being used more and more in structural applications, particularly in
automobiles and pressure vessels. New applications emerge as designers become aware of
the differences in the properties of metals and polymers and take full advantage of them. The
analyses of structures using metals or plastics require that the data be available.
Stress-Strain: The tensile properties of a material are obtained by pulling a specimen of
known geometry apart at a fixed rate of straining until it breaks or stretches to the machines
limit. It is useful to define the load per unit area (stress) as a parameter rather than load to
avoid the confusion that would arise from the fact that the load and the change in length are
dependent on the cross-sectional area and original length of the specimen. The stress,
however, changes during the test for two reasons: the load increases and the cross-sectional
area decreases as the specimen gets longer.
Therefore, the stress can be calculated by two formulae which are distinguished as
engineering stress and true stress, respectively.
(1) = P/Ao= Engineering Stress (lbs/in
2 or psi)
P = load (lbs)
Ao= original cross-sectional area (in
2)
(2) T= P/Ai = True Stress
Ai = instantaneous cross-sectional area (in
2)
Likewise, the elongation is normalized per unit length of specimen and is called strain. The
strain may be based on the original length or the instantaneous length such that
(3) =(lf - lo)/ lo = l / lo = Engineering Strain, where
lf= final gage length (in)
lo= original gage length (in)
(4) T= ln ( li / lo ) = ln (1 +) = True Strain, where
li = instantaneous gage length (in)
ln = natural logarithm
For a small elongation the engineering strain is very close to the true strain when l=1.2 lo,
then = 0.2 and T= ln 1.2 = 0.182. The engineering stress is related to the true stress by
(5) T= (1 + )
The true stress would be 20% higher in the case above where the specimen is 20% longer
than the original length. As the relative elongation increases, the true strain will become
significantly less than the engineering strain while the true stress becomes much greater than
the engineering stress. When l= 4.0 lo then = 3.0 but the true strain =ln 4.0 = 1.39.
Therefore, the true strain is less than 1/2 of the engineering strain. The true stress (T) = (1+
3.0) = 4, or the true stress is 4 times the engineering stress.
Tensile Test Nom ...
Terminology for Mechanical Properties The Tensile Test: Stress-Strain Diagram...manohar3970
Terminology for Mechanical Properties
The Tensile Test: Stress-Strain Diagram
Properties Obtained from a Tensile Test
True Stress and True Strain
The Bend Test for Brittle Materials
Hardness of Materials
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
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Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
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Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
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Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
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AKS UNIVERSITY Satna Final Year Project By OM Hardaha.pdf
stress strain
1. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
1
Stress-Strain
1. Tension and Compression Test
2. Stress-Strain Diagram
3. Stress-Strain Behavior of Ductile and Brittle
Materials
4. Hooke’s Law
5. Strain Energy
6. Poission’s Ratio
7. Shear Stress-Strain Diagram
8. *Failure of Materials Due to Creep and Fatigue
2. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
2
• Strength of a material can only be determined by
experiment
• One test used by engineers is the tension or
compression test
• This test is used primarily to determine the
relationship between the average normal stress
and average normal strain in common
engineering materials, such as metals, ceramics,
polymers and composites
3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST
3. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
3
Performing the tension or compression test
• Specimen of material is made into “standard”
shape and size
• Before testing, 2 small punch marks identified
along specimen’s length
• Measurements are taken of both specimen’s initial
x-sectional area A0 and gauge-length distance L0;
between the two marks
• Seat the specimen into a testing machine shown
below
3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST
4. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
4
Performing the tension or compression test
• Seat the specimen into a testing machine shown
below
3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST
• The machine will stretch
specimen at slow constant
rate until breaking point
• At frequent intervals during
test, data is recorded of the
applied load P.
5. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
5
Performing the tension or compression test
• Elongation δ = L − L0 is measured using either a
caliper or an extensometer
• δ is used to calculate the normal strain in the
specimen
• Sometimes, strain can also be read directly using
an electrical-resistance strain gauge
3.1 TENSION & COMPRESSION TEST
6. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
6
• A stress-strain diagram is obtained by plotting the
various values of the stress and corresponding
strain in the specimen
Conventional stress-strain diagram
• Using recorded data, we can determine nominal
or engineering stress by
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
P
A0
σ =
Assumption: Stress is constant over the x-section
and throughout region between gauge points
7. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
7
Conventional Stress-Strain Diagram
• Likewise, nominal or engineering strain is found
directly from strain gauge reading, or by
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
δ
L0
=
Assumption: Strain is constant throughout region
between gauge points
By plotting σ (Stress) against (Strain), we get a
conventional stress-strain diagram
8. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
8
Conventional stress-strain diagram
• Figure shows the characteristic stress-strain
diagram for steel, a commonly used material for
structural members and mechanical elements
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
9. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
9
Conventional stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
Elastic behavior.
• A straight line
• Stress is proportional to
strain, i.e., linearly elastic
• Upper stress limit, or
proportional limit; σpl
• If load is removed upon
reaching elastic limit,
specimen will return to its
original shape
10. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
10
Conventional stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
Figure 3-4
Yielding.
• Material deforms
permanently; yielding;
plastic deformation
• Yield stress, σY
• Once yield point reached, specimen continues to
elongate (strain) without any increase in load
• Note figure not drawn to scale, otherwise induced
strains is 10-40 times larger than in elastic limit
• Material is referred to as being perfectly plastic
11. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
11
Conventional stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
Figure 3-4
Strain hardening.
• Ultimate stress, σu
• While specimen is
elongating, its x-
sectional area will
decrease
• Decrease in area is fairly
uniform over entire gauge
length
12. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
12
Conventional stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
Figure 3-4
Necking.
• At ultimate stress, x-
sectional area begins to
decrease in a localized
region
• As a result, a constriction
or “neck” tends to form in
this region as specimen
elongates further
• Specimen finally breaks at fracture stress, σf
13. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
13
Conventional stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
Figure 3-4
Necking.
• Specimen finally breaks
at fracture stress, σf
14. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
14
True stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
• Instead of using original cross-sectional area and
length, we can use the actual cross-sectional area
and length at the instant the load is measured
• Values of stress and strain thus calculated are
called true stress and true strain, and a plot of their
values is the true stress-strain diagram
15. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
15
True stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
• In strain-hardening range, conventional σ-
diagram shows specimen supporting decreasing
load
• While true σ- diagram shows material to be
sustaining increasing stress
16. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
16
True stress-strain diagram
3.2 STRESS-STRAIN DIAGRAM
• Although both diagrams are different, most
engineering design is done within elastic range
provided
1.Material is “stiff,” like most metals
2.Strain to elastic limit remains small
3.Error in using engineering values of σ and is
very small (0.1 %) compared to true values
17. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
17
Ductile materials
• Defined as any material that can be subjected to
large strains before it ruptures, e.g., mild steel
• Such materials are used because it is capable of
absorbing shock or energy, and if before
becoming overloaded, will exhibit large
deformation before failing
• Ductility of material is to report its percent
elongation or percent reduction in area at time of
fracture
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
18. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
18
Ductile materials
• Percent elongation is the specimen’s fracture
strain expressed as a percent
• Percent reduction in area is defined within
necking region as
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
Percent elongation =
Lf − L0
L0
(100%)
Percent reduction in area =
A0 − Af
A0
(100%)
19. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
19
Ductile materials
• Most metals do not exhibit constant yielding
behavior beyond the elastic range, e.g. aluminum
• It does not have well-defined yield point, thus it is
standard practice to define its yield strength using
a graphical procedure called the offset method
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
20. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
20
Ductile materials
Offset method to determine yield strength
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
1. Normally, a 0.2 % strain is
chosen.
2. From this point on the
axis, a line parallel to
initial straight-line portion
of stress-strain diagram is
drawn.
3. The point where this line
intersects the curve
defines the yield strength.
21. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
21
Brittle Materials
• Material that exhibit little or no yielding before
failure are referred to as brittle materials, e.g.,
gray cast iron
• Brittle materials do not have a well-defined
tensile fracture stress, since appearance of
initial cracks in a specimen is quite random
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
22. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
22
Brittle Materials
• Instead, the average fracture stress from a set of
observed tests is generally reported
3.3 STRESS-STRAIN BEHAVIOR OF DUCTILE & BRITTLE MATERIALS
23. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
23
• E represents the constant of proportionality, also
called the modulus of elasticity or Young’s
modulus
• E has units of stress, i.e., pascals, MPa or GPa.
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
• Most engineering materials exhibit a linear
relationship between stress and strain with the
elastic region
• Discovered by Robert Hooke in 1676 using
springs, known as Hooke’s law
σ = E
24. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
24
• As shown above, most grades
of steel have same modulus of
elasticity, Est = 200 GPa
• Modulus of elasticity is a
mechanical property that
indicates the stiffness of a
material
• Materials that are still have
large E values, while spongy
materials (vulcanized rubber)
have low values
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
25. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
25
IMPORTANT
• Modulus of elasticity E, can be used only if a
material has linear-elastic behavior.
• Also, if stress in material is greater than the
proportional limit, the stress-strain diagram ceases
to be a straight line and the equation is not valid
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
26. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
26
Strain hardening
• If a specimen of ductile material (steel) is loaded
into the plastic region and then unloaded, elastic
strain is recovered as material returns to its
equilibrium state
• However, plastic strain remains, thus material is
subjected to a permanent set
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
27. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
27
Strain hardening
• Specimen loaded beyond yield point A to A’
• Inter-atomic forces have to be overcome to
elongate specimen elastically, these same
forces pull atoms back together when load is
removed
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
• Since E is the same,
slope of line O’A’ is the
same as line OA
28. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
28
Strain hardening
• Load reapplied, atoms will be displaced until
yielding occurs at or near A’, and stress-strain
diagram continues along same path as before
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
• New stress-strain
diagram has higher
yield point (A’), a result
of strain-hardening
• Specimen has a
greater elastic region
and less ductility
29. 2005 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd
3. Mechanical Properties of Materials
29
Strain hardening
• As specimen is unloaded and loaded, heat or
energy may be lost
• Colored area between the curves represents lost
energy and is called mechanical hysteresis
3.4 HOOKE’S LAW
• It’s an important
consideration when
selecting materials to
serve as dampers for
vibrating structures and
equipment