There are three main types of resistance training: isometric, isotonic, and isokinetic. Isometric training involves contracting muscles without movement through static positions. Isotonic training uses weights and allows muscle movement through a range of motion with constant resistance. Isokinetic training uses machines to provide resistance equal to the force exerted through a full range of motion at a controlled speed. Each method has advantages like targeting specific muscles or joints and disadvantages such as limited range of motion or expensive equipment requirements.

1. Training for strength - types of resistance training (isometric, isotonic, isokinetic)

2. Isometric

3. Isometric resistance training involves contracting a muscle against a resistance that does not move Isometric muscle contractions result in a force being developed in the muscle but the muscle fibres do not change in length Because there is no change in muscle length , isometric contractions are specific to particular joint angles Therefore coaches need to select angles that are specific to the sport for which the person is training This type of training is particularly useful for sports that require isometric contractions – such as downhill skiing, judo, gymnastics, dancing , rock climbing and any other sports that require the same position to be held for some time Isometric

5. pushing against a wall pulling against an immovable object holding a heavy shopping bag gripping a squash racquet Examples of Isometric Contractions

6. Cheap Uses no expensive equipment Specific muscle weaknesses can be developed (you can focus on weak muscles) Relatively few injuries occur using this method Is useful for developing strength in specific areas Advantages of Isometric Contractions

7. Isometric contractions develop strength at one angle only, so it is fairly time consuming to develop strength at a number of angles in the one joint Disadvantages of Isometric Contractions

8. Isotonic

9. Isotonic resistant training occurs when the weight remains constant throughout the range of movement In Isotonic Contractions the muscle length changes as the weight is taken through the full range of movement and tension is developed within the muscle Isotonic Contractions are also known as dynamic contractions An isotonic contraction revolves around the use of repetition maximum which is the maximum load a muscle can lift a given number of times before becoming fatigued During an isotonic contraction the weight does not change as it is moved through a range of motion, only the tension of the muscle changes This is the most common form of strength training which uses free weights such as barbells, dumbbells Isotonic Contractions can be eccentric or concentric Isotonic Isotonic

11. Eccentric Contractions occur when tension is developed in the muscle as the muscle lengthens during contraction An example would be if you are moving in the same direction as the weight or resistance and you slow its passage so that it moves slower than it would naturally with gravity. Eccentric Contractions

12. Contractions occur when tension is developed within the muscle as the muscle shortens during contraction An example is if you are moving against the weight or resistance. E.g. the weight wants to fall to the floor but you are lifting it up. Concentric Contractions

13. easy to do cheap can imitate movements specific to a sport so overload is easy to administer the Repetition Maximum can be altered along with the number of repetitions and speed of lift to develop different types of strength Advantages of Isotonic Contractions

14. During an isotonic contraction the muscle doesn’t work through a full range of motion poor technique can lead to injury Disadvantages of Isotonic Contractions

15. Isokinetic

16. Isokinetic resistance training allows a person to work at a constant speed against a resistance or weight that changes as the muscular force changes throughout the movement range This method of strength training uses machines such as nautilus designed to develop strength through a full range of motion These machines ensure that the muscles are worked evenly at all stages of the movement Isokinetic

17. Isokinetic Contractions develop strength through a full range of motion The machines can vary the level of resistance and control the speed of movement so as to move closer to the actions required in a particular sport strength is developed relatively safely commonly used in rehabilitation Advantages of Isokinetic Contractions

18. machines are expensive does not develop ligament and tendon strength as much as isotonic training because the machines provide the stability of the resistance Disadvantages of Isokinetic Contractions

19. Images of Isokinetic Machines

28. http://www.btetech.com/primusrs.htm