This document discusses key concepts related to markets and strategic planning including demand curves, product life cycles, segmentation, quality, and supply and demand. It defines a market and explains how supply and demand determine prices. Demand curves illustrate the relationship between price and quantity demanded. Product life cycles are broken into introduction, growth, maturity and decline phases. Segmentation allows companies to tailor products to specific customer groups. Quality is a multidimensional concept important for competitiveness. Portfolio models like the BCG Matrix are used to analyze industry competitiveness and guide planning. The interaction of industry supply and demand curves determines market prices.
Strategy Implementation, Strategic Analysis, Strategic analysis process, Strategic Choice, Steps in strategic choice, Factors affecting Strategic Choice, objective factors, subjective factors, Tools and Techniques of Strategic Analysis, The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, GE Planning Grid, GE 9 Cell, Strategic Decisions, Invest, Protect, Harvest, Market Attractiveness , Competitive Strength, Industry Structure Analysis – The Life-Cycle MODEL, Porters 5 Force Model, Competitive advantage, PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, The McKinsey 7 – S Framework, VRIO Analysis, VRIO of H&M, Value Chain, Benchmarking, Mergers and acquisitions (M&A)
Pitney Bowes is a 90+ year old company that has been undergoing a transformation by shifting focus from Mail Stream Management to Customer Communications Management. We have been leveragining Portfolio Analysis as a key tool to help us allocate resources in our strategic planning process. The session will cover the approach we’ve taken, how to analyze core vs. growth offerings across a diverse portfolio of Hardware, Software and Services and what has and has not worked so far.
Portfolio analysis as a foundation to long term strategy.
Combining market, competitive and performance data to allocate resources across a diverse set of offerings.
Strategic management
Process of determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives, and then implementing a plan of action for pursuing this mission and attaining these objectives
How to allocate finite resources to achieve long-term objectives
This slide is able to explain main concept of strategic management. And this is also suitable to student as well as others business people to know about some strategies.
This document reviews best practice in pricing processes to provide a reference against which current practices and proposals can be tested. Our objectives have been: to research the attributes of world-class pricing through publications and academic sources; to investigate how these attributes are applied in practice to products and services; to assess pricing processes in successful businesses.
In recent years a new attitude toward pricing has emerged. Deregulation and international free trade agreements have increased competition. Price promotion has eroded the power of brand loyalty. Pricing has assumed greater importance to most businesses.
As markets increasingly assume a global dimension, customers can more easily compare prices between one region or country and another, using the internet or a fax machine. They can often locate the same product, or an
acceptable substitute, from another source. Customers are more demanding and fickle, and their expectations increasingly difficult to fulfil.
Price inflation in western economies is now at its lowest for decades. Price increases are no longer accepted without protest from customers, if at all.
The Chairman of General Electric has predicted the onset of the ‘Value Decade’. Global price competition will strengthen because of: reduced product differentiation; global over-capacity for production; significantly diminished trade barriers; efficient information and distribution systems; providing customers with easy access to the prices of suppliers; a growing lack of customers’ loyalty to individual suppliers. Choice will be increasingly driven by price.
This is a challenging scenario that reinforces the need for an integrated strategy and concerted managerial action on pricing.
Pricing processes have lagged behind developments in the market place. They are often characterised by internal conflict between accountants wishing to maximise profit per unit and marketing specialists who seek to maximise
throughput. They are also affected by the potential for strained relations with good customers.
Some companies have downsized their operations to a level where diminishing returns cause them to question the benefits of continuing to focus upon reducing costs. As they switch their attention from cost cutting to adding
value, pricing naturally assumes increased weight in the marketing mix.
We have found many companies reluctant to discuss their own processes.
Some may wish to avoid betraying a lack of sophistication.
Business level strategies—Porter’s framework of competitive strategies, Conditions, risks and benefits of Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus strategies,
Strategic Analysis and choice—Corporate level analysis (BCG, GE Ninecell, Hofer’s product market evolution and Shell Directional policy Matrix)
Industry level analysis; Porter’s five forces model, Qualitative factors in strategic choice.
Strategy Implementation, Strategic Analysis, Strategic analysis process, Strategic Choice, Steps in strategic choice, Factors affecting Strategic Choice, objective factors, subjective factors, Tools and Techniques of Strategic Analysis, The Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix, GE Planning Grid, GE 9 Cell, Strategic Decisions, Invest, Protect, Harvest, Market Attractiveness , Competitive Strength, Industry Structure Analysis – The Life-Cycle MODEL, Porters 5 Force Model, Competitive advantage, PESTLE and Porter’s Five Forces Analysis, The McKinsey 7 – S Framework, VRIO Analysis, VRIO of H&M, Value Chain, Benchmarking, Mergers and acquisitions (M&A)
Pitney Bowes is a 90+ year old company that has been undergoing a transformation by shifting focus from Mail Stream Management to Customer Communications Management. We have been leveragining Portfolio Analysis as a key tool to help us allocate resources in our strategic planning process. The session will cover the approach we’ve taken, how to analyze core vs. growth offerings across a diverse portfolio of Hardware, Software and Services and what has and has not worked so far.
Portfolio analysis as a foundation to long term strategy.
Combining market, competitive and performance data to allocate resources across a diverse set of offerings.
Strategic management
Process of determining an organization’s basic mission and long-term objectives, and then implementing a plan of action for pursuing this mission and attaining these objectives
How to allocate finite resources to achieve long-term objectives
This slide is able to explain main concept of strategic management. And this is also suitable to student as well as others business people to know about some strategies.
This document reviews best practice in pricing processes to provide a reference against which current practices and proposals can be tested. Our objectives have been: to research the attributes of world-class pricing through publications and academic sources; to investigate how these attributes are applied in practice to products and services; to assess pricing processes in successful businesses.
In recent years a new attitude toward pricing has emerged. Deregulation and international free trade agreements have increased competition. Price promotion has eroded the power of brand loyalty. Pricing has assumed greater importance to most businesses.
As markets increasingly assume a global dimension, customers can more easily compare prices between one region or country and another, using the internet or a fax machine. They can often locate the same product, or an
acceptable substitute, from another source. Customers are more demanding and fickle, and their expectations increasingly difficult to fulfil.
Price inflation in western economies is now at its lowest for decades. Price increases are no longer accepted without protest from customers, if at all.
The Chairman of General Electric has predicted the onset of the ‘Value Decade’. Global price competition will strengthen because of: reduced product differentiation; global over-capacity for production; significantly diminished trade barriers; efficient information and distribution systems; providing customers with easy access to the prices of suppliers; a growing lack of customers’ loyalty to individual suppliers. Choice will be increasingly driven by price.
This is a challenging scenario that reinforces the need for an integrated strategy and concerted managerial action on pricing.
Pricing processes have lagged behind developments in the market place. They are often characterised by internal conflict between accountants wishing to maximise profit per unit and marketing specialists who seek to maximise
throughput. They are also affected by the potential for strained relations with good customers.
Some companies have downsized their operations to a level where diminishing returns cause them to question the benefits of continuing to focus upon reducing costs. As they switch their attention from cost cutting to adding
value, pricing naturally assumes increased weight in the marketing mix.
We have found many companies reluctant to discuss their own processes.
Some may wish to avoid betraying a lack of sophistication.
Business level strategies—Porter’s framework of competitive strategies, Conditions, risks and benefits of Cost leadership, Differentiation and Focus strategies,
Strategic Analysis and choice—Corporate level analysis (BCG, GE Ninecell, Hofer’s product market evolution and Shell Directional policy Matrix)
Industry level analysis; Porter’s five forces model, Qualitative factors in strategic choice.
Price Advantage has written by Baker, Marn, Zawada. This is a book summary presentation which focused on basic concepts and new product pricing methods.
Artificial intelligence (AI) offers new opportunities to radically reinvent the way we do business. This study explores how CEOs and top decision makers around the world are responding to the transformative potential of AI.
Oprah Winfrey: A Leader in Media, Philanthropy, and Empowerment | CIO Women M...CIOWomenMagazine
This person is none other than Oprah Winfrey, a highly influential figure whose impact extends beyond television. This article will delve into the remarkable life and lasting legacy of Oprah. Her story serves as a reminder of the importance of perseverance, compassion, and firm determination.
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Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer solution manual.docxssuserf63bd7
https://qidiantiku.com/solution-manual-for-modern-database-management-12th-global-edition-by-hoffer.shtml
name：Solution manual for Modern Database Management 12th Global Edition by Hoffer
Edition：12th Global Edition
author：by Hoffer
ISBN：ISBN 10: 0133544613 / ISBN 13: 9780133544619
type：solution manual
format：word/zip
All chapter include
Focusing on what leading database practitioners say are the most important aspects to database development, Modern Database Management presents sound pedagogy, and topics that are critical for the practical success of database professionals. The 12th Edition further facilitates learning with illustrations that clarify important concepts and new media resources that make some of the more challenging material more engaging. Also included are general updates and expanded material in the areas undergoing rapid change due to improved managerial practices, database design tools and methodologies, and database technology.
2. MODULE 5
The Company and
The Market
5.2 The Demand Curve
5.3 The Competitive Reaction
5.4 Segmentation
5.5 Product Quality
5.6 Product Life Cycles
5.7 Portfolio Models
5.8 Supply
5.9 Markets and Prices
5.1 The Market
3. Learning Objectives
• To develop a framework for analysing market demand.
• To analyse product life cycles.
• To show why prices vary.
• To assess the importance of product quality.
4. The MARKET
A market is a place where two parties can gather to
facilitate the exchange of goods and services. The parties
involved are usually buyers and sellers.
5. The market establishes the prices for goods and other services.
These rates are determined by supply and demand.
Supply is created by the sellers, while demand is generated by
buyers.
The MARKET
6. The DEMAND CURVE
a graphic representation of the relationship between
product price and the quantity of the product demanded.
7. If the quantity changes by a large relative amount when price
is changed, the demand curve is said to be ‘elastic’,
if the quantity is not affected much by changes in price it is
said to be ‘inelastic’
The DEMAND CURVE
Revenue1 = P1 × Q1
Revenue2 = P2 × Q2
8. The Latin phrase ceteris
paribus means
"other things being equal."
It’s typically used to describe
an economic situation of cause
and effect while assuming that
all other factors stay the same.
Ceteris Paribus
9. Demand Factors
DETERMINANTS OF MARKET SIZE:
• Product life cycle
• Business cycle
• Exogenous shocks
• GNP elasticity
• Exchange rates
DETERMINANTS OF MARKET SHARE:
• Price
• Marketing
11. The Competitive Reaction
The attempt to predict competitive reaction presents
many dilemmas, and the important point is to be aware
that such dilemmas exist, rather than attempt to
prescribe complex gaming rules.
Price setting can be used as a competitive tool and short
term revenue flows may be sacrificed in the pursuit of
wider strategic objectives.
12. The Competitive Reaction
A well known example is the ‘zero sum game’, where any
gain made by one party is at the expense of the other.
Game Theory
13. The Competitive Reaction
The Kinked Demand Curve
The idea of a sharp reduction in demand resulting from a price increase, and very
little increase in demand resulting from a price reduction.
14. The Competitive Reaction
Competitive Pricing
Price Leadership: the dominant firm in the industry announces its
price changes before all other firms, which then match the leader’s
price.
Limit Pricing: this is an attempt by a firm to erect an entry barrier by
charging a low price in order to deter entry.
Predatory Pricing: in this case a firm sets a price with the objective
of driving new entrants or existing firms out of business.
15. Segmentation
Segmentation allows a seller to closely tailor
his product to the needs, desires, uses and
paying ability of customers.
It allows sellers to concentrate on their
resources, money, time and effort on a
profitable market, which will grow in numbers,
usage and value.
16. Segmentation
Pricing in Segments
Price segmentation involves charging different prices to different
customers for a product or service that is the same or similar.
TIME OF PURCHASE LOCATION
18. Product Quality
Dimensions of Quality
performance
features
reliability
durability
overall perceived
quality
conformance
serviceability
aesthetics
19. Product Quality
Quality and Strategy
Managers must learn to think carefully about how their approach to quality
changes as a product moves from design to market, and they must devise
ways to cultivate these multiple perspectives. Attention must be focused on the
separate dimensions of quality; markets must be closely examined for any
untapped quality niches; and the organisation must be tailored to support the
desired focus.
Once these approaches have been adopted, cost savings, market share gains,
and profitability improvements can hardly be far behind.
21. Product Life Cycles
INTRODUCTION
the product is
invented and
introduced to the
market; it can take
some time for
information about
the product to be
disseminated
GROWTH
the product
becomes
increasingly well
known, markets are
penetrated and it
possibly replaces
other products
MATURITY
all markets are
exploited and there
is no further
increase in sales
DECLINE
the product is
superseded by
technological
progress, or
substitutes
appear
22. Portfolio Models
The BCG Relative Share Growth Matrix
A BCG matrix helps businesses
analyze both the current and
future competitive landscape of
their industry, and then plan
accordingly.
23. Supply
The supply curve for an industry shows the amount
which companies in total would be willing to sell at different prices, holding
other factors constant. The position and shape of the supply curve depends
on production costs
24. Supply
Shifting the Industry Supply Curve
The leftward shift in the supply curve caused by an increase in the price of oil.
A shift to the right would occur if the opposite happened, i.e. if the price of oil fell.
25. Markets and Prices
The interaction of demand and supply
produces prices, which serve as signals to seller and buyers.
26. REFERENCES
Book
• Scott, A. (2003) Strategic Planning
Web page
• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/m/market.asp
• economictimes.indiatimes.com/definition/segmentation
• https://blog.pricebeam.com/
• http://bancothethanhcong.com/topic/introduction-to-quality
• https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5693-bcg-matrix.html
Video
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fccVLVEnjLw (slide 6)
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=27scYCyhd5o (slide 14)
