This document discusses strabismus, or eye misalignment. It defines strabismus and describes the different types including the direction the eyes turn. It then covers the causes of strabismus which can be congenital or due to refractive error, mechanical restriction, or nerve palsy. The document classifies strabismus and discusses the evaluation process including patient history, eye examination, and tests to determine the angle and grade of binocular vision. Treatment options aim to correct vision, treat amblyopia, use exercises, and potentially surgery.
Aniseikonia [ophthalmology description for medical students ]Madhuri Kureti
concise description of aniseikonia which is a condition wherein the images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and /or shape
Gives a very brief review of how to evaluate a case of squint in day to day clinical practice. How to diagnose a basic abnormality of the movement of eye.
Aniseikonia [ophthalmology description for medical students ]Madhuri Kureti
concise description of aniseikonia which is a condition wherein the images projected to the visual cortex from the two retinae are abnormally unequal in size and /or shape
Gives a very brief review of how to evaluate a case of squint in day to day clinical practice. How to diagnose a basic abnormality of the movement of eye.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
5. CAUSES
• Congenital, common cause
• High refractive error
• Idiopathic
• Restrictive- due to mechanical restriction in thyroid eye
• Paralytic- paresis of EOM i.e cranial nerve 6
• Sensory
8. Cont..
• Loss of vision in one eye due to injury
• Diseases like corneal opacities, lenticular opacities, optic
atrophy, chorioretinitis (disease 0f the macula)
• Obstruction in pupillary area due to congenital ptosis
• Orbital asymmetry
• Abnormal intrapupillary distance (IPD) wide associated with
exophoria, small with esophoria.
• Faulty insertion of EOM
9. Clinical features
• Ocular deviation
• Ocular movements not limited in any direction
• Refractive error may or may not be associated.
• Suppression and amblyopia may develop.
13. evaluation
History
A careful history is important in the diagnosis
• Birth history, general health and developmental milestones.
• Age of onset of deviation
• Is the deviation constant or intermittent
• Is the deviation present for distance, near or both
• Is it unilateral or alternating
• Is it present when the patient is inattentive or fatigued
14. Cont..
• Is it associated with trauma or physical stress?
• Is there a family history of strabismus
• Are there any other medical problems, headaches, diplopia,
nausea
15. ocular examination
• VA
• For school children and adults, use landolts charts, snelles chart
• For 3-5yrs use matching optotypes, HOTV test, lea charts,
pictorial vision charts.
• For 2-3yrs use dot visual acuity, serial test, toy matching
• 1-2yrs use beads test, ivory balls, preferential looking tests
• 6weeks-1yr use a torch,
• 6weeks and below use indirect assessment eg blinking reflex,
pupillary reactions, visual revocked potential, optokinetic
nystagmus test.
16. 1. Inspection. Large degree squint (convergent or divergent) is obvious
on inspection.
2. Ocular movements. Both uniocular as well as binocular movements
should be tested in all the cardinal positions of gaze.
3. Pupillary reactions. These may be abnormal in patients with
secondary deviations due to diseases of retina and optic nerve.
4. Media and fundus examination. It may reveal associated disease of
ocular media, retina or optic nerve.
5. Testing of vision and refractive error.
17. 6. cover tests
i. direct cover test.
• confirms the presence of manifest squint.
• To perform it, the patient is asked to fixate on a point light.
Then, the normal looking eye is covered while observing the
movement of the uncovered eye.
• In the presence of squint the uncovered eye will move in
opposite direction to take fixation, while in apparent squint there
will be no movement.
• This test should be performed for near fixation (i.e., at 33 cm)
distance fixation(i.e., at 6 metres).
18. ii. alternate cover test
• It reveals whether the squint is unilateral or alternate and also
differentiates concomitant squint from paralytic squint (where
secondary deviation is greater than primary).
• It is a dissociation test which reveals the total deviation when
fusion is suspended.
• Rt eye is covered for several seconds, the occluder is quickly
shifted to opposite eye for two seconds, then back several times.
After the cover is removed, the examiner notes the speed and
smoothness of recovery as the eyes return to their dissociated
state.
19. 7. Estimation of angle of deviation
i. Hirschberg corneal reflex test.
• It is a rough but handy method to estimate the angle of manifest
squint.
• the patient is asked to fixate at point light held at a distance of 33
cm and the deviation of the corneal light reflex from the centre of
pupil is noted in the squinting eye.
• Roughly, the angle of squint is 15o and 45o when the corneal light
reflex falls on the border of pupil and limbus, respectively
20. ii. The prism and cover test (prism bar
cover test
i.e., PBCT).
• Prisms of increasing strength with apex towards the
deviation are placed in front of one eye and the patient
is asked to fixate an object with the other. The cover-
uncover test is performed till there is no recovery
movement of the eye under cover.
• This will tell the amount of deviation in prism dioptres.
Both heterophoria as well as heterotropia can be
measured by this test.
21. iii. krimsky corneal reflex test
. In this test the patient is asked to fixate on a point light
and prisms of increasing power (with apex towards the
direction of manifest squint) are placed in front of the
normal fixating eye till the corneal light reflex is centred
in the squinting eye. The power of prism required to
centre the light reflex in the squinting eye equals the
amount of squint in prism dioptres.
22. 8. Tests for grade of binocular vision and sensory
functions
• Normal binocular single vision consists of three grades.
Sensory anomalies include disturbances of binocular vision,
eccentric fixation, suppression, amblyopia, abnormal retinal
correspondence and diplopia.
A few common tests for sensory functions are as follows:
i. Worth’s four-dot test.
ii. Test for fixation.
iii. After-image test.
iv. Sensory function tests with synoptophore.
(v) Neutral density filter test.
23. TREATMENT
GOALS OF TREATMENT. These are to achieve good
cosmetic correction, to improve visual acuity and to
maintain binocular single vision.
i. Spectacles with full correction of refractive error
ii. Occlusion therapy- in cases of amblyopia
iii. Orthoptic exercises- fusion exercises.
iv. Squint surgery
