Storytelling has a long history dating back to when it was used to share knowledge before writing. It remains an important public speaking tool. The document discusses the purposes and types of stories, elements of effective storytelling like characterization, and interpreting stories and prose aloud. It provides guidance on developing stories, engaging audiences, and bringing meaning to life for listeners through vocal delivery and expression. Examples of famous storytellers and their tales are also given.

1. STORY
TELLING

2. Storytelling is a structured
narrative account of real or
imagined events that is widely
used in public speaking as a
medium for sharing, interpreting
and offering the content of the
story to the listeners.
(Nikitina, 2011).

3. (storytellingday.net)
Long time ago. . .
 storytelling was believed to calm the fears
or doubts of a family
 the storyteller, who was good at telling
heroic events or other important events of
the tribe, began to reach position of
respect and honor
 before man learned to write, he had to
rely on his memory to learn anything
 he had to be a good listener
 A good storyteller was always respected.

4. Recognized as the oldest surviving tale in
the storytelling history:
*The epic Gilgamesh
The earliest known record in the origin of
storytelling can be found in:
*Egypt
when the sons of Cheops entertained their
father with stories.

5. Some of the famous storytellers and their stories:
*Scheherazade on her
“Sinbad and Aladdin and His Magic Lamp”,
*Grimm Brothers
fairy tales as “Snow White”
*Hans Christian Andersen on his
“The Emperor’s New Clothes”
*Charles Perrault’s
“Sleeping Beauty”
*Joel Chandler Harris in his
“Uncle Remus Tales”

6. *to develop the listener’s
imagination
*widen the listener’s horizon
*give enjoyment to the audience
or even to the storyteller himself
*to help solve problems
(Collins, 2005)
The purposes of storytelling. . .

7. 1. Fiction - a story that might be based on
real life but is not a true story
- fairy tales, folk tales, tall tales,
animal stories, fables, myths,
and non-true stories
2. Nonfiction- true and actually happened
- biblical, historical, biographical,
autobiographical, and Missionary
stories
two types of stories . . .

8. 1. Introduction -the basic information
2. Body - developing of the story
3. Climax - the high point of the story
4. Conclusion- wrap up the story
The four parts in storytelling…

9. Do’s
 Always make your story relevant to the
subject at hand
 Keep your stories simple and short
 Eliminate inconsequential detail
 Space stories at intervals to reemphasize
your message
 Make sure the plot of the story involves a
lesson or a transformation outcome that
your listeners can relate to and benefit
from
Do’s and Don’ts of Storytelling

10. Do’s
 Use appropriate body language and facial
expression to convey emotions to your
listeners.
 Use elements of the story that your
audience can relate to (e.g. people, places
and familiar facts).
 Emphasize the adjectives and verbs in
your stories to make them sound more
interesting.
 Learn your stories by heart.

11. Don’ts
 Do not use more than two or three stories
on the same topic as each successive one
will lose its impact
 Do not use terms that are foreign to the
experience of the audience
 Do not fill stories with too many
characters, events or details

12. Since the script is not usually memorized,
 experiment with how a character acts and what
he says
 act out all the characters that speak
 characters may be male, female or even animals
 Story characters can be larger-than-life, or, in
other words, a bit exaggerated (It all depends on
the story and the age of the listeners)
 The younger the listener, the more he will enjoy a
character that is overdone and stereotyped.
Characterization

13. Video of storytelling:
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XRUsz9cTPJQ
Cynthia Espinoza, Fall 2011 Storytelling Winner
Uploaded- Jan 10, 2012
Cynthia Espinoza is performing John Leguizamo's
"The TV" at Hal Todd Studio Theatre,
San Jose State University.
Kaucher Mitchell Event for Excellence is an annual storytelling
competition for San Jose State University students. The
event was an extension of the class students who took on
storytelling and oral interpretation.

14. Interpretative Reading

15. - In its simplest form consists of
one person reading aloud to
another such as a college girl
reading instructions from a
magazine to her roommate on
how to apply eye make-up
correctly.

16. - In its most complex form, it is
an art by which a reader
communicates the meaning of
great literature to an
appreciation audience as
exemplified by Sir Charles
Laughton reading a passage
from the Bible to a hushed
assembly of business people.

17.  the author who writes the piece
 the interpreter who reads it, and
 the audience who listens to it
In the process of oral communication, the
interpreter serves as a medium or link
between the author and audience and as
such has corresponding obligations to
both of them.
IR involves 3 major components...

18. There are three tasks that you must be
prepared to accomplish if you wish to
be an effective interpretative reader:
First, try to understand the
meaning of the selection.

19. Second, work for effective
expression of the meaning of the
selection through the use of
fundamental techniques of public
speaking during the actual
performance.

20.  Even if you have memorized the
selection, you should use a
manuscript to constantly remind your
audience that the thoughts and
feelings you express originate from
the selection and not from you
 Avoid burying your nose in the
manuscript.
 Remember to maintain eye contact with
the audience

21.  get better audience reaction by using
visible actions as facial expression,
gesture, posture, and total bodily
response
 Voice is the chief instrument you use for
oral communication
 express the color and substance of your
selection much more effectively by
controlling over your vocal volume, pitch,
rate, and quality

22. Your third and most important task as an
interpreter is intensifying the meaning
of the selection
*i.e.- experiencing the content of literature
while reading to others
*Aggert calls this vivid experiencing of the idea
at the moment of utterance as the life blood
of all effective speech but especially of oral
interpretation of literature
*you cannot produce experiences in your
listeners if you yourself do not experience
what you are reading when you are reading
aloud

23. To accomplish the task, therefore,
you must learn to concentrate
upon the ideas and feelings of
the selection at the moment of
oral reading so that you can
generate the same appreciation
for these ideas and feelings in
your audience.

24. Reading of Prose
 Prose includes the largest classification of
literature namely: essays, speeches, short
stories, sermons, lectures, novels, and
other forms of informal compositions.

25. The principles applied in the reading of poetry
may also be applied to the reading of prose.
Just like poetry, the main purpose of prose is
to communicate.
Your first consideration, therefore, as an
interpreter is to present the author’s
purpose.
Is it to inform? To persuade? Or to entertain?

26. The second consideration is:
Do you recognize the imagery used by
the author?
Imagery is anything that comes to mind
brought about by our experiences as we
respond to the printed words. Images are
perceived through the use of the senses.

27. As an effective interpreter, you should
be able to communicate to the listeners
the relationship among sound, sense,
and structure.
Video Sample on Oral Interpretation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41EoUI6ZGP4

28. Summer 2014 with Dr. C.V. Derasin
ELT 6009- Phonology of English and
the Art of Speaking
-Prepared by: M.V.C. Luga