Basics of Chemistry: Chemical stoichiometryRAJEEVBAYAN1
This material presents quantitative method of numerical measurements involved in a chemical reaction.
this involves quantities such as the measures of mass in grams and the amount of substance in moles.
I am hoping that this material will help to make the concept easier.
This features the types of chemical reactions: Combustion, Neutralization, Precipitation and RedOx Reactions.
There are sample in each of the type of reaction that can help the learners understand more about each type.
Basics of Chemistry: Chemical stoichiometryRAJEEVBAYAN1
This material presents quantitative method of numerical measurements involved in a chemical reaction.
this involves quantities such as the measures of mass in grams and the amount of substance in moles.
I am hoping that this material will help to make the concept easier.
This features the types of chemical reactions: Combustion, Neutralization, Precipitation and RedOx Reactions.
There are sample in each of the type of reaction that can help the learners understand more about each type.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
3. Learning Outcomes
Students be able to
Understand and explain applications of
Stoichiometry and Mole concept
Al-Chemist Channel You Tube
4. What is Stoichio-metry?
The branch of Chemistry that deals with the study of:
The quantitative relationship between reactants and products in a
balanced chemical equation.
It is an application of law of conservation mass to calculate the relative
amounts of reactants and products.
Following relationship is studied in Stoichiometry
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8. What is mole?
Mole is just a number
Like
1 dozen Apples= 12 apples
1 mole Apples=6022000000000000000000 Apples
In Exponential form 6.022x1023
1 mole carbon atoms= 6.022x1023 moles carbon atoms
5 moles carbon atoms= 5x6.022x1023 moles carbon atoms
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9. What is a mole (Gram atom)
When the atomic mass of an elements is expressed in
grams is called gram atom or moles of that substance
Mathematically,
Moles= Mass of an element in gram/Molar mass element
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13. Moles
So, the atomic mass, molecular mass, formula mass or ionic mass of the
substance expressed
in gram is called moles of the substance.
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15. Avogadro's number 6.022x1023
Avogadro's number is the number of atoms, molecules and
ions in one gram atom of an element,
one gram molecule of a compound and one gram ion of a
substance, respectively.
To understand Avogadro's number let us consider the
following quantities of substances.
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16. Avogadro's number
1.008 g of hydrogen = 1 mole of hydrogen = 6.02 x 1023
atoms of H
23 g of sodium = 1 mole of Na = 6.02 x1O23 atoms of Na
238 g of uranium = 1 mole of U = 6.02 x 1023atoms of U
This number, 6.02 x 1023is the number of atoms in one
mole of the element. It is interesting to know that
different masses of elements have the same number of
atoms.
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18. Calculation of particles
Number of particles = Moles x NA
Calculate number Water molecules in 9 grams of H2O
1st we calculate number of moles of H2O
Moles= mass in gram/molar mass
Moles ofH2O= 9g/18
o.5 Moles
Number of water molecules= 0.5 x 6.022x1023
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25. Limiting and Excess reactant
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Limiting Reactant
limiting reactant is a reactant that controls the
amount of the product formed in a chemical reaction
due to its smaller amount.
2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
When we take 2 moles of hydrogen (4g) and allow it to
react with 2 moles of oxygen (64g), then we
26. 2H2(g) + O2(g) 2H2O(l)
will get only 2 moles (36 g) of water. Actually, we will get 2 moles (36g) of water
because 2 moles
(4g) of hydrogen react with 1 mole (32 g) of oxygen according to the balanced
equation. Since less hydrogen is present as compared to oxygen, so hydrogen is
a limiting reactant. If we would have reacted 4 moles (8g) of hydrogen with 2
moles (64 g) of oxygen, we would have obtained 4 moles (72 g) of water.
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28. Solved Example
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NH3 gas can be prepared by heating together two solids
NH4Cl and Ca(OH)2. If a mixture containing 100 g of each
solid is heated then
(a) Calculate the number of grams of NH3 produced.
(b) Calculate the excess amount of reagent left unreacted.
2NH4Cl (s) + Ca (OH)2 (s) CaCl2(s) + 2NH3 (g) + 2H2O(l)
31. NH4Cl vs Ca (OH)2
NH4Cl : Ca (OH)2
2 : 1
1 : 1/2
1.87 : 0.935
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32. Hence the number of moles of Ca(OH)2 which completely
react with 1.87 moles of NH4Cl is 0.935moles.
No. of moles of Ca(OH)2 taken =1.35
No. of moles of Ca(OH)2 used = = 0.935
No. of moles of Ca(OH)2 left behind = 1.35 - 0.935 = 0.415
Mass of Ca(OH)2 left unreacted (excess) = 0.415x74 = 30.71 g
Answer
It means that we should have mixed 100 g of NH4Cl with 69.3
g (100 - 30.71) of Ca(OH)2 to get 1.87moles of NH3.
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33. YIELD (Product)
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Actual yield
The amount of the products obtained in a chemical
reaction is called the actual yield of that reaction.
Theoretical yield
The amount of the products calculated from the balanced
chemical equation represents the
theoretical yield.
34. Theoretical yield is maximum
Al-Chemist Channel You Tube
The theoretical yield is the maximum amount of the
product that can be produced
by a given amount of a reactant, according to balanced
chemical equation.
In most chemical reactions the amount of the product
obtained is less than the theoretical yield.
