this presentation discusses the crystal field theory and its role in explaining the formation of coordination complexes by transition elements, their magnetic and colour properties; and its limitations!
For UG students of All Engineering Branches (Mechanical Engg., Chemical Engg., Instrumentation Engg., Food Technology) and PG students of Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Pharmacy
The link of the video lecture at YouTube is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3QDG8ZIX-8
this presentation discusses the crystal field theory and its role in explaining the formation of coordination complexes by transition elements, their magnetic and colour properties; and its limitations!
For UG students of All Engineering Branches (Mechanical Engg., Chemical Engg., Instrumentation Engg., Food Technology) and PG students of Chemistry, Physics, Biochemistry, Pharmacy
The link of the video lecture at YouTube is
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t3QDG8ZIX-8
An overview of the use of the Marcus Theory to calculate the energies of transition states.
Contributed by: Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Amanda Bischoff, and Matthew Sigman, University of Utah, 2015
A ppt compiled by Yaseen Aziz Wani pursuing M.Sc Chemistry at University of Kashmir, J&K, India and Naveed Bashir Dar, a student of electrical engg. at NIT Srinagar.
Warm regards to Munnazir Bashir also for providing us with refreshing tea while we were compiling ppt.
Hydrogenation- definition, catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation, advantages and disadvantages of catalytic hydrogenation, applications of catalytic hydrogenation
Fi ck law
Diffusion: random walk of an ensemble of particles from region of high “concentration” to region of small “concentration”.
Flow is proportional to the negative gradient of the “concentration”.
An overview of the use of the Marcus Theory to calculate the energies of transition states.
Contributed by: Elizabeth Greenhalgh, Amanda Bischoff, and Matthew Sigman, University of Utah, 2015
A ppt compiled by Yaseen Aziz Wani pursuing M.Sc Chemistry at University of Kashmir, J&K, India and Naveed Bashir Dar, a student of electrical engg. at NIT Srinagar.
Warm regards to Munnazir Bashir also for providing us with refreshing tea while we were compiling ppt.
Hydrogenation- definition, catalytic hydrogenation, homogeneous and heterogeneous catalytic hydrogenation, mechanism of catalytic hydrogenation, advantages and disadvantages of catalytic hydrogenation, applications of catalytic hydrogenation
Fi ck law
Diffusion: random walk of an ensemble of particles from region of high “concentration” to region of small “concentration”.
Flow is proportional to the negative gradient of the “concentration”.
Different physical situation encountered in nature are described by three types of statistics-Maxwell-Boltzmann Statistics, Bose-Einstein Statistics and Fermi-Dirac Statistics
Nuclear Decay - A Mathematical PerspectiveErik Faust
Radioactivity as a phenomenon is often misunderstood: if one says ‘Radioactive’, most people will think about disastrous electrical plants, dangerous bombs and other forms of life-threatening details. In my native Germany, members of the Green party have been campaigning for a decade to put an end to nuclear energy. Only few think of the useful aspects of this unique actuality, although radiotherapy is most promising of tools in the fight against cancer, and radioactive dating allows us to identify the age of any historical item. But even fewer people see radioactivity as the natural process that it actually is: A spontaneous mechanism, in which one nucleus decays into another. As an aspiring Physicist and Engineer, Radioactivity is one my favourite topics in the realm of science. I am fascinated at how we are able to predict exactly how many Nuclei will decay in a certain amount of time, but not say for certain which Nuclei exactly will do so.
Struggling with your statistical physics exam? Live Exam Helper offers expert exam help services for all levels. Our experienced tutors and study aids can help you master the concepts and formulas of statistical physics, so you can ace your exam with confidence. Visit our website https://www.liveexamhelper.com/physics-exam-help.html to learn more about our services!
Information theory and statistical mechanicsChandanShah35
Focused on basic terminology used in Statistical Mechanics, Relation ship between Information Theory and Statistical Mechanics and few terms related to quantum mechanics
Sequence Entropy and the Complexity Sequence Entropy For 𝒁𝒏ActionIJRES Journal
In this paper, we study the complexity of sequence entropy for 𝑍𝑛 actions. After that, we define 𝐶𝛼 𝐹𝛼 𝜏 , ℎ𝛼 𝐹𝛼 𝜏 and the relationships between sequence entropy and complexity sequence entropy. Finally, comparisons between sequence entropy and complexity sequence entropy have been done.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
What is greenhouse gasses and how many gasses are there to affect the Earth.moosaasad1975
What are greenhouse gasses how they affect the earth and its environment what is the future of the environment and earth how the weather and the climate effects.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
2. Microstate
A microstate is a specific way in which we can arrange the
energy of the system. Many microstates are
indistinguishable from each other. The more
indistinguishable microstates, the higher the entropy. The
best way to wrap your head around this idea can be to look
at a very small scale example. An isolated system will
spontaneously transition between states such that the
entropy of the system is increased to its maximum value.
Why is this? Is there some strange force pushing things to
higher entropy states? The simple fact is that if a final state
has higher entropy, it is simply more likely to exist from the
myriad of possible states. These states contain
distributions of molecules and energies that are the most
probable.
3. Imagine that we have a certain amount of energy that needs to be
distributed between three molecules. Each molecule will have
"quantized" energy states in which we can put that energy. The
energy levels will be equally spaced. Now imagine the total
energy of our system of three molecules is 3 energy units. These
energy units must be distributed between the three molecules.
4. You can see that there are 10 total possible
distributions.
By using the blew formula.
W =
𝑵!
𝒏 𝒂 ! 𝒏 𝒃!
Configuration;
The various ways of formulating the second law of
thermodynamics tell what happens rather than why it
happens. Why should heat transfer occur only from
hot to cold? Why should energy become ever less
available to do work? Why should the universe
become increasingly disorderly? The answer is that it
is a matter of overwhelming probability. Disorder is
simply vastly more likely than order.
5. Exaples:
What are the possible outcomes of tossing 5 coins?
we are concerned only with the total heads and tails and
not with the order in which heads and tails appear.
5 heads,0 tails 4 heads,1tail 3 heads,2 tails
2 heads,3 tails 1 head,4 tails
0 head,5 tails
These are what we call
macrostates. A macrostate is an
overall property of a system. It
does not specify the details of
the system, such as the order in
which heads and tails occur or
which coins are heads or tails
6. Stirling's Approximation
Introduction:
In mathematics, Stirling's approximation or Stirling's
formula is an approximation for factorials. It is a good
approximation, leading to accurate results even for
small values of n. It is named after James Stirling
History:
The formula was first discovered by Abraham de Moivre
in the form
lnN = N ln N - N
7. Derivation Stirling's Approximation
Stirling's approximation gives an approximate value for the
factorial function n!. The approximation can most simply
be derived for n an integer by approximating the sum over
the terms of the factorial with an integral.
ln N! = Nln N-N
AS we know than,
N!= 1×2×3×……×(N-20)×(N-1)×N
And if we take “ln” of above equation then, So we get
ln N!= ln1×ln2×ln3×……×ln(N-2)×ln(N-1)×lnN
8. The equation can also be derived using the
integral definition of the factorial,
ln 𝑁! = 1
𝑁
1 ln 𝑛 𝑑𝑥
As we know the role of
Integration by parts
∫u v dx = u∫v dx −∫u' (∫v dx) dx
So, the above equation become
ln 𝑁! = [n ln n] 𝑁
1
-1
𝑁
𝑥.
1
𝑥
𝑑𝑥
9. ln 𝑁 = N ln N – 1 ln 1- 1
𝑁
1 𝑑𝑥
ln𝑁 = N ln N – 0 - 1
𝑁
1 𝑑𝑥
= N ln N – [x] 𝑁
1
=N ln N – [N-1]
= N ln N –N + 1
We Can neglect 1 because there is large quantity
present so the is no effect on the eq.
Now solve the values of limits of integration
10. So the final equation of Stirling's Approximation is
lnN = N ln N - N