I went to Khazana sugar mill Peshawar with my friend to do a case study in our thermodynamics lab. Qazi Muhammad Osama helped me in this case study and he is also a good presenter.

1. A CASE STUDY OF KHAZANA
SUGAR MILL PROCESS
GROUP MEMBERS
Qazi Muhammad Osama : CU-362-2017
Hamza Nawaz : CU-369-2017
Submitted to:
Engr. Numan Habib
Supervisor:
Mr. Salman Khan
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2. Contents
• Introduction
o History of sugar cane
o Present situation of sugar industry
o Location and information of Khazana Sugar
Mill
o Power House
• Sugar production Procedure
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3. Introduction
History of sugar cane
• Sugar cane and sugar beet have high sucrose.
• First cultivated Polynesia (Pacific Ocean.)
• To Subcontinent and became a popular in India.
• In 510 B.C the Iran’s king Dara Uoosh conquered
Hindustan and transferred it to Iran.
• In 642 A.C Arab’s got it by conquering Iran and
expanded it to Northern Africa and Spain.
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4. Continued.......
• The Arabs also invented sugar making process.
• Indians also extracted sugar from it by
conventional methods.
• The western European countries found sugar in
11th century because of crusade.
• In 1499 Columbus cultivated it in the
Caribbean countries because of their hot
weather.
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5. Present situation of sugar industry
• Sugar is made in 121 countries of the world.
• Total production of sugar is 120+ million tons per
year on Earth.
• Most of sugarcane is produced in India and
Brazil.
• Pakistan is ranked 5th for the production of sugar
cane and 15th for the production of sugar
• 80 sugar mills are running in Pakistan.
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6. Location and Information of
Khazana Sugar Mill
• Khazana sugar mill is situated at Haryana
Payan, Khazana on Charsadda Road Peshawar.
It is 6 km away from Provincial Assembly.
• Founded on December 16th 1976.
• It’s value is 30 arab Rs.
• 350+ employees.
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7. Khazana Sugar Mill
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8. Power House
• The generator produces 4 MW of electric
power from which 2.4 MW is consumed to run
the mill.
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9. Sugar production Procedure
Mill House
1. Harvesting
2. Shredding
3. Milling
Process House
4. Heating and adding milk of lime
5. Clarifying
6. Evaporating
7. Crystalizing
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10. Continued…….
8. Separation of grains
9. Remelting
10. Tallo Clarifying
11. Filtration
12. Refine Pan
13. Drying and Sieving
14. Packing
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11. Process Diagram
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12. Machines used
1) Transportation of raw material (sugar cane)
2) The hydraulic jack
3) The belts
4) Rollers
5) Mills
6) Condensate heaters
7) Sulfation stations
8) Flash tanks
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13. Continued…….
9) Accofloc filter
10) Mud mixer tank
11) Vacuum filter
12) Evaporators
13) Pans
14) Centrifugal station
15) Pan A
16) Re-melter
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14. Continued…….
17) Tallo
18) Pressure filter
19) Pan B/ Refine pan
20) Filter
21) Grader
22) Sieve
23) Shoot
24) Laboratory
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15. …….
Let us study/discuss
these processes in
detail…
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16. Mill House
Harvesting and Shredding
• Sugar cane is harvested by workers and
transported to the mill.
• Sugar cane is passed through two cutters, so its
size become small.
• The small pieces are passed through a shredder
and is converted to fiber.
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17. Shredder
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18. Continued…….
Milling
• Fibered sugar cane enters into crusher where
juice and husk (called Bagasse) are separated.
• Bagasse serves as a fuel for power production.
• Sugar mill have its own electricity generator
and steam turbines.
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19. Process House
Heating and Clarifying
• The juice is heated up to 103o Celsius.
• Lime water (calcium hydroxide) is mixed with
juice to maintain its pH.
• Than poured into clarifier where some food
grade chemicals e.g. Accofloc-215 are added.
• So the solid waste (filter cake) settle down.
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20. Continued…….
Evaporating and Crystalizing
• Pure juice is boiled using steam, thus the water
is evaporated.
• The juice is thickened due to evaporation.
• The dense juice is heated using steam and is
converted to grains in pans.
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21. Continued…….
Separation and Remelting
• Grains of sugar are separated from dense juice by
applying centrifugal force in centrifugal station.
• The separated juice is called Molasses.
• This molasses is further processed to make sugar
of different stages.
• The raw sugar (separated sugar) is remelted in hot
water.
• Different food grades are added to raw sugar to
maintain its white color.
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22. Continued……..
Tallo Clarifier, Filtration and
Refining
• Raw sugar is filtered in tallo clarifier.
• Pressure filter removes any type of impurities.
• This is now called fine liquor.
• Liquor is treated with steam in refine pans and
refined sugar is made.
• The sugar and juice are made in a ratio of 1:1 and
this mixture is called refine mesquite.
• This refine mesquite is filtered in centrifugal
station and white sugar is separated from juice.
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23. Pans
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24. Continued…….
Drying, Sieving and Packing
• White sugar is dried by exposing it to hot air.
• It is than passed from sieves of different sizes.
• So sugar of different grain sizes is separated
from each other.
• The sugar of same (grain) size is packed and
stored.
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25. Questions are Welcome
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