STEPS Water & Sanitation Symposium 2011

1. At least something for many? New pathways, greater progress Scopes and Challenges of Community Led Total Sanitation Dr. Kamal Kar CLTS Foundation, Calcutta, India Presented at the STEPS Centre Water and Sanitation Symposium March 22&23 2011

7. Fate of free toilets in a slum of a Municipality town near Calcutta, India

8. Fate of subsidized sanitation hardware- Portloko, Sierra Leone, Ibb, Yemen Who’s design for whom?

9. Fate of sanitation subsidy in Yemen

10. Abandoned Collapsed Communal Latrine –Dangme West District, Greater Accra Region, Ghana

11. X X X Moving towards 100% sanitised village P. R. A . L L L L L L L L X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Land less don’t have place for defecation. Land owners often blame them for defecating in open. Landless poor (women specially) are the worst victims who want to come out of that humiliation. Participatory Planning Latrine owners can’t get rid of negative impacts as many others adding faces everywhere. Spoiling environment by open defecation Will form positive pressure groups from within to convince others for having latrine Better off Medium Poor Very poor

12. More yellow powder in places where there is more shit- Sierra Leone

14. Rural community in Mardan, NWFP, in Pakistan mapping defecation areas of village

15. Food and shit demonstration

16. Children’s procession protesting against open defecation

17. Rural youth in Nepal triggering Community Led Total Sanitation. Are they not transforming the collective behavior of the society?

18. Worried faces of mothers after their own analysis- Llala Gua, Bolivia Shit everywhere. Our children growing on shit- we can’t accept this

19. Notice who is teaching and who is learning

20. “ If we defecate in the open, we eat each others shit, if you don’t wash your hands with ash or soap, you eat your own shit” - a Natural Leader of CLTS from Malawi

21. Hundreds of low-cost local community-made toilets are surfacing in the rural landscape in CLTS villages in Bangladesh.

22. Who’s idea and who's decision matters in household sanitation? South Sumatra, Indonesia

24. Great mosaic of latrine models innovated by local communities in Kampung Spu in Cambodia

25. Do we have patience to allow communities to gradually move up the Sanitation Ladder? Open defecation O 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Pour flush latrine Latrines with plastic pan and water seal Offset Pit latrines Simple Pit Latrines Sanitation behaviors changes as community moves up the ladder

26. Newly constructed toilets in Kampong Svay villages, Kampong Tralach district of Kampong Chhnang province in Cambodia - great sense of ownership and pride. Mr.Hoeun invites neighbours to use his toilet to get more manure for his crops

27. Use of ash after defecation in direct pit latrine is an innovation by the community of Skun villages of Tbeng Commune of Siem Reap province in Cambodia. One gets potash rich manure at the end. Whose idea?

28. Community Innovated direct pit latrine- Skun village, Banteay Srei, Cambodia

29. Local Community Innovation in Kalyani

30. Proud Kepala Desa showing different toilet models to visitors- Lumajang,East Java, Indonesia

31. Local Community Innovation in Kalyani

32. Construction details of community innovated low-cost latrine Tin sheet, old plastic bottles and plastic sheets are used to construct such toilets

33. Locally innovated toilet model in flood prone areas and in places with high water table at Sambas, West Kalimantan

34. Stop Open Defecation All 213 H/H Repair platform of all 69 hand tube wells Clean up garbage and Repair Road Clean up drain In 5 months ten slums covering more than 800 H/Hs have stopped OD by constructing toilets mobilizing more money than what KUSP could offer as subsidy

35. Signboard declaring Open Defecation-Free, Para Vidyasagar Colony, Kalyani Municipality, West Bengal

36. BOLIVIA SIERRA LEONE NIGERIA UGANDA ZAMBIA MALAWI KENYA ETHIOPIA YEMEN TANZANIA NEPAL PAKISTAN INDIA BANGLADESH CAMBODIA INDONESIA EAST TIMOR Global Spread of CLTS Afghanistan EGYPT

38. Major Blockage of Scaling up in Ghana

39. Main Blockage of Scaling Up CLTS in Ghana CLTS Triggered Community Empowerment Hardware Household subsidy from donors Technology Prescription :Promotion of VIP/KVIP Promotion of Communal Latrines Attitudes of Traditional Chiefs towards free & subsidized communal latrines Institutional In coordination Poor coordination mechanism Focus on latrine and not ODF Villages Inadequate funding at district level for CLTS promotion

40. How V.I.P Latrine blocked scaling up and spread of CLTS Abandoned V.I.P latrines brought to use after 5 years- mostly dilapidated with broken doors and slabs Technical blockage Local Innovation Blockage Local resources& materials Blockage Dependence on external inputs & skills Most communities could not afford cost of construction of V.I.P latrine (Unit cost GHC 210) Prescription of only one technology prevented others Emergence of Innovative models that suit local environment is prevented Recycling/using of local materials in latrine building is blocked & misleading Dependence on masons/training and non-availability of cement slows down coverage

41. Abandoned V.I.P Latrine…

42. Dilapidated V.I.P Latrine …..

43. Expensive V.I.P Latrine…

44. Communal Vented Pit Latrine ….

46. Abandoned Free Latrines depicts welfare mindset of institutions in Fatenayili ODF Village

47. From Better to Best Free Latrine – Fatenayili….. Who’s scarce resources are we wasting? Can rural Africa afford this?

49. Un-intended Positive Outcome from True CLTS in Tsaondo ODF Village High Quality CLTS triggered without hard ware subsidy & Prescription Variety of latrine models emerged Low Cost materials used for latrines Local knowledge used in abundance, e.g Use of Ash, Pit Cover Community confining free roaming pigs Stopped eating dead animals Cleaned up all the bush to avoid bush fire/No more snake bite/Reduced malaria cases Songs developed to stop OD Daily change of d/water; Hand washing b4 eating; Cleaning up for kids Right understanding of CLTS by Mr. Yahaya (DEHO) – Recipient of proper Hands-on training (Otukpo, Nigeria) contributed to the excellent outcome

50. Low Cost Traditional Latrine- Tsaondo

51. Low Cost Traditional Latrines- Tsaondo

52. How Communal Latrines block the spread and scaling up of CLTS Communal Latrines Not properly maintained Breeding factory for flies Mainly Fixed Point Open Defecation Not appropriate for emergency defecation, hence contributes to OD Blocks construction & use of HH latrines Blocks innovation and creativity to stop OD Often requires external technical support High frequency of collapse Collapse of communal latrines major reason for returning back to OD Difficult to sustain ODF with Communal latrines Communal latrines are Unimproved facilities and not regarded as Access to Improved Sanitation (WHO/UNICEF JMP Report)

53. Abandoned Collapsed Communal Latrine

57. CLTS and MDG Goals Goal 6 Major diseases especially diarrhea MDG 5 Maternal mortality Goal 4 Under 5 mortality Goal 7 Sanitation halving proportion without access MDG Goals

70. Thank You