Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
Propeller shaft is a circular shaft which is used to transmit the power or rotational motion from the gear box to the final drive.
The propeller shaft as the name suggest “ propels the vehicle.
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
Transmission System
The word ‘Transmission’ means the whole of the mechanism that transmits the power from the engine crankshaft to the rear wheels, providing the suitable variations of the engine torque at the road wheels, whenever required.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
Conventional and non-conventional energy sources, Hydro-electric, Thermal, Nuclear, Wind, Solar(with block diagram)
Boiler- Water tube and Fire tube, Internal Combustion Engines–Two stroke and four stroke (spark ignition and compression ignition), Turbines– Impulse & Reaction
Frame and Body of Automobile
Introduction to chassis, Classification of chassis, Conventional chassis,
Semi forward chassis, Full forward chassis, Engine at the front, Engine at the rear, Engine in mid, Frame of the automobile, Function of Frame, types of frame, conventional frame, semi-integral frame, integral frame, defects in chassis, Body of the automobile, types of the body in automobile,
1) Suspension is the term given to the
system of springs, shock absorbers and
linkages that connect a vehicle to its
wheels
3) Serve a dual purpose – contributing to the
car's handling and braking.
2) Protects the vehicle itself and any cargo or
luggage from damage and wear
Transmission System
The word ‘Transmission’ means the whole of the mechanism that transmits the power from the engine crankshaft to the rear wheels, providing the suitable variations of the engine torque at the road wheels, whenever required.
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
Conventional and non-conventional energy sources, Hydro-electric, Thermal, Nuclear, Wind, Solar(with block diagram)
Boiler- Water tube and Fire tube, Internal Combustion Engines–Two stroke and four stroke (spark ignition and compression ignition), Turbines– Impulse & Reaction
Introduction to Manufacturing Processes and their Applications (Casting, Forging, Sheet metal working and Metal joining processes), Description of Casting process: Sand casting(Cope&Drag). Sheet metal Forming,(shearing, bending, drawing), Forging (Hot working and cold working comparison) ,Electric Arc welding, Comparison of Welding, Soldering, Brazing
Basic parts of steering system:
Steering wheel, column and shaft – driver inputs
Steering gear – changes direction – rotating steering wheel into linear motion.
Steering linkage – connects steering gear to steering arms
Ball joints – allows movement of steering components and suspension
The gear box which is also known as the transmission system. It is the second element of the power train in an automobile. It is used to change the speed and torque of vehicle according to variety of road and load conditions.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
4. Steering wheel
Attaches to steering column and shaft by
1 or more fasteners, most single nut
Have an interference fit on the shaft –
very tight fit, may need a puller
May contain an airbag assembly, radio
controls, cruise controls, etc
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
7. Steering column
Contains and supports the steering shaft
May have a tilt mechanism
May have telescoping mechanism
Also houses ignition switch
May be designed to collapse during front
impact – has plastic or soft metal rivets
that are easily damaged or broken from
improper use or removal
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
10. Steering column
coupler
Steering column couplers allow pivot
points in the column
Like a universal joint
Loose or worn couplers will result in a
loose steering feel, vibration, noise, or
sticky steering feel
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
12. Impact
If the vehicle is involved in a front impact,
always inspect the steering column and
wheel
Squeaking, chirping or rubbing sounds
indicate damage
Catching, binding and play indicate
damage
Especially if the airbag deploys!
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
13. Steering ratio
Steering ratio is a measurement of how many turns of
the steering wheel it takes to go from a full lock to the
other full lock
Basically how many turns from all the way left to all the
way right
Also measured from the center (straight) to a full lock
turn
Fast ratio is 3 turns lock to lock
Slow is about 4 or 5 times lock to lock
15:1 ratio – wheels move 15deg for 1 deg of steering
wheel movement
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
17. Recirculating ball
Recirculating ball is used on trucks in
modern vehicles
Used on most vehicles prior to 1980 and
the use of front wheel drive
Uses balls on a worm gear
Has a pitman arm
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
18. Recirculating ball
Balls inside the gear ride inside guide
paths
Move from one end of the ball nut
through guides, back to the bottom of the
housing
Uses a Parallelogram Linkage steering
arm system
Pitman arm moves steering tie rods
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
21. Rack and pinion
steering
Uses a rack and pinion gear
Pinion meshes with a gear on end of
steering shaft
As gear rotates, pinion rotates and
moves rack left or right
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
24. Steering linkage
Steering linkage is anything connected to
the wheels and the steering gear
Tie rods
Steering arms
Steering knuckles
Ball joints
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
26. Tierods
Tierods are attached to pivot points on
each front wheel
The other end is attached to the steering
gear or rack
Allows for suspension movement
Used to adjust TOE of the car – tires face
in / or out / when driving straight
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
29. Steering arms
Tierods attach to the front wheels at the
steering arms
The steering arm is attached to the
steering knuckle, which includes the
spindle
Used to get proper steering angle during
turns
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
33. Ball joints
Allow suspension movement up and
down, as well as turning movement
Located in control arms – in lower, as
well as upper control arm if so equipped
Wear items – need replacement
periodically
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
37. Steering designs
Parallelogram – used on cars with
recirculating ball gear steering
Rack and pinion – used on cars with a
steering rack and pinion gear
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
38. Parallelogram
Uses tierods connected to a center link
Uses a pitman arm to move steering
linkage
Also uses an idler arm to support the
linkage on the passenger side
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
41. Rack and pinion
Fewer moving parts than the recirculating
ball
Smaller and more compact
Can be a center link type as well
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
45. Power steering
Used to aid in steering
Can be hydraulic – uses a pump driven by the
engine, or an electric motor, to pump fluid
through the power steering rack/box to aid
driver in turning the steering wheel
Can be electric – uses electric motor mounted
on rack/box to help driver turn the steering
wheel
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
49. 4 wheel steering
Used by some manufacturers to aid
handling
Front wheels do most of the steering
At low speeds, rear wheels steer
opposite front to tighten turning radius
At high speeds, rear wheels turn with
front to improve handling and cornering
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
50. 4 wheel steering
Can be hydraulic or electric
Front steering is usually “normal” power
steering
Rear wheel steering can be driven
hydraulically or by electric motor
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
51. 4 wheel steering
3000GT VR4 All Wheel Steering demo – Yo
copyright 2011 - eric jaromin
