The document discusses the automation of a steam turbine lube oil system using a PLC and SCADA system. It describes the components of the lube oil system, including pumps, tanks, and fans. It then explains how a SIMATIC S7 PLC controls the system using function block diagrams and how a WinCC SCADA system monitors the system through human-machine interfaces and graphics. The automation protects the turbine by controlling the lube oil system and triggering interlocks for any fault conditions.
The document outlines the steps to safely shut down a 210 MW power generation unit for overhaul and maintenance. It involves gradually reducing boiler steam parameters and turbine load over several steps by cutting mills and heaters, before finally tripping the turbine. Key steps include maintaining temperature differences, ensuring availability of emergency equipment, monitoring parameters, and opening drains. The shutdown is completed by venting the boiler drum and stopping auxiliary systems once drum pressure is reduced.
This document discusses turbine rolling and steam parameters. It describes modern turbine control systems like electro-hydraulic controls and distributed digital controls. It outlines critical turbine parameters that are monitored like shaft vibration, bearing vibration, expansion, and stresses. The document discusses two methods for rolling the turbine - manually or using an Automatic Turbine Run-up System (ATRS). It provides details on the different operating modes of ATRS and the steps for rolling the turbine from barring speed to synchronization using ATRS.
1) The document describes the governing system and components of a steam turbine. It includes throttle controlled governing and discusses advantages like avoiding overspeeding and adjusting droop.
2) It lists the different oils used like trip oil, auxiliary trip oil, and control oil and describes what each oil is used for like tripping the stop valve or hydraulic governing.
3) The main elements of the governing system are described including remote trip solenoids, main trip valve, speeder gear, and follow-up piston valves that control steam flow and turbine speed.
The document discusses turbine governing systems. The objective of turbine governing is to control the steam flow to a turbine to maintain a constant rotation speed as load varies. It describes three common types of governing: throttle, nozzle, and bypass. The key components of a hydro-mechanical governing system are then outlined, including the speed governor, pilot valves, control valves, and emergency shutdown mechanisms. Protection systems using hydraulic and electrical trips are also summarized to safely operate the turbine.
The document provides details about the cooling and sealing system of a 247MVA turbo generator. It describes the generator specifications including rating, connection type, phases, rated speed, and insulation class. It then summarizes the need for generator cooling using hydrogen gas and water to minimize heat and ensure uniform temperature distribution. The rotor and stator cooling systems are explained along with specifications. Finally, the generator sealing system is outlined, which uses seal oil to prevent hydrogen leakage and maintain differential pressure between the oil and hydrogen.
210 mw LMZ Turbine rolling and its GOVERNING Nitin Patel
This document provides information about the startup procedure for a 210 MW thermal power station turbine. It involves gradually heating the turbine components like casings and steam pipes before admitting steam. Steam is initially rolled through bypass lines to heat the turbine. Valves are then opened slowly to admit steam into the high pressure and intermediate pressure turbines. Speed is raised gradually while monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration and differential expansion. Once the turbine is rolled up to operating speed, it is ready for synchronization and loading.
The document outlines the steps to safely shut down a 210 MW power generation unit for overhaul and maintenance. It involves gradually reducing boiler steam parameters and turbine load over several steps by cutting mills and heaters, before finally tripping the turbine. Key steps include maintaining temperature differences, ensuring availability of emergency equipment, monitoring parameters, and opening drains. The shutdown is completed by venting the boiler drum and stopping auxiliary systems once drum pressure is reduced.
This document discusses turbine rolling and steam parameters. It describes modern turbine control systems like electro-hydraulic controls and distributed digital controls. It outlines critical turbine parameters that are monitored like shaft vibration, bearing vibration, expansion, and stresses. The document discusses two methods for rolling the turbine - manually or using an Automatic Turbine Run-up System (ATRS). It provides details on the different operating modes of ATRS and the steps for rolling the turbine from barring speed to synchronization using ATRS.
1) The document describes the governing system and components of a steam turbine. It includes throttle controlled governing and discusses advantages like avoiding overspeeding and adjusting droop.
2) It lists the different oils used like trip oil, auxiliary trip oil, and control oil and describes what each oil is used for like tripping the stop valve or hydraulic governing.
3) The main elements of the governing system are described including remote trip solenoids, main trip valve, speeder gear, and follow-up piston valves that control steam flow and turbine speed.
The document discusses turbine governing systems. The objective of turbine governing is to control the steam flow to a turbine to maintain a constant rotation speed as load varies. It describes three common types of governing: throttle, nozzle, and bypass. The key components of a hydro-mechanical governing system are then outlined, including the speed governor, pilot valves, control valves, and emergency shutdown mechanisms. Protection systems using hydraulic and electrical trips are also summarized to safely operate the turbine.
The document provides details about the cooling and sealing system of a 247MVA turbo generator. It describes the generator specifications including rating, connection type, phases, rated speed, and insulation class. It then summarizes the need for generator cooling using hydrogen gas and water to minimize heat and ensure uniform temperature distribution. The rotor and stator cooling systems are explained along with specifications. Finally, the generator sealing system is outlined, which uses seal oil to prevent hydrogen leakage and maintain differential pressure between the oil and hydrogen.
210 mw LMZ Turbine rolling and its GOVERNING Nitin Patel
This document provides information about the startup procedure for a 210 MW thermal power station turbine. It involves gradually heating the turbine components like casings and steam pipes before admitting steam. Steam is initially rolled through bypass lines to heat the turbine. Valves are then opened slowly to admit steam into the high pressure and intermediate pressure turbines. Speed is raised gradually while monitoring parameters like temperature, vibration and differential expansion. Once the turbine is rolled up to operating speed, it is ready for synchronization and loading.
The document provides an introduction and overview of governing systems for steam turbines. It defines a governing system as a control mechanism that regulates steam turbine parameters like inlet pressure and steam flow rate to enable stable power production. It describes the main types as nozzle and throttle governing and notes most LMW turbines use nozzle while KWU turbines use throttle governing. It outlines the key components of KWU turbine governing systems including control valves, pumps, speeders and more. It provides details on operating parameters and functions of different elements.
This document provides an overview and descriptions of the key components of an air preheater used at the Mongduong 2 560 MW Coal Fired Power Plant. It describes the rotor assembly, rotor seals, rotor drive unit, support and guide bearings, lube oil circulation unit, retractable sootblowers, water washing device, and fire fighting system. The air preheater transfers heat from flue gas to incoming combustion air using rotating heat transfer elements to increase the air temperature prior to combustion.
The document discusses reheater protection to prevent reheat tubes from starvation. It outlines the conditions that must be met for reheater protection to be enabled or disabled, including drum pressure above 30ksc, openings of high or low pressure bypass valves, feeders on or boiler firing, turbine valve positions, generator circuit breaker status, and bypass valve positions. It also indicates there is a loss of reheater protection signal.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
The discussion on "Handling of Turbines During Emergencies" has been detailed in the ppt. Some case studies are also discussed in the session where the course participants express their difficulties while coming across the emergencies in handling the turbines at their locations.
Unit lightup synchronisation & shutdownAshvani Shukla
India's first 660 MW supercritical unit was synchronized by Adani Power Ltd in Mundra in 2010 in just 36 months. This document outlines the startup and shutdown sequence for supercritical units, including boiler flushing, turbine lining up, rolling, loading procedures, and phase changes from wet to dry and wet to supercritical modes. Key steps include boiler flushing to reduce iron and silica levels, preheating the high pressure casing, turbine rolling to operating speed, and gradually increasing load while bringing systems online.
This document discusses governing systems for turbines. It describes three main governing systems - nozzle governing, throttle governing, and bypass governing. It explains how governing is achieved by varying the amount of steam supplied to the turbine via control valves. Various modes, components, and functions of governing systems are outlined, including constant pressure and variable pressure modes, mechanical and electro-hydraulic transducers, turbine latching, and runback functions. The document also provides details on start-up procedures for a 150MW steam turbine-generator unit.
The document discusses steam turbine control and instrumentation. It describes various types of steam turbines including conventional cycle, combined cycle, and nuclear turbines ranging from 210MW to 800MW. It then discusses the aims of automation in steam turbines, including improved control quality, increased plant availability and efficiency. The document outlines the main subsystems of steam turbine control including control systems, monitoring and measurement systems, and protection systems. It provides details on an Automatic Turbine Run-Up System (ATRS) which automatically controls the start-up process. The ATRS utilizes functional group control philosophy and consists of sub-group controls, sub-loop controls, and drive interface controls. It also describes the turbine protection system and various tripping criteria to
MS Lines, Turbine Casings and rotors and other steam lines including Steam Stop Valves, MSV, CV, ESV heating, Turbine Rolling, Flange and Stud heating, Turbovisory and speeding the turbine to 3000 RPM.
Boiler Follow Mode: The boiler is divorced from the generation control, which means the steam turbine utilizes stored energy in the boiler to provide immediate load response. The boiler must then change firing rate to bring pressure back to setpoint.
Turbine Follow Mode: Turbine control valves maintain a set pressure while the boiler fires to maintain load. Drawback here is a slower generation response. There are variations with this scheme, in that the turbine control valves can be fully opened at higher loads to minimize the energy penalty associated with the DP loss across them. In that case, it has been called sliding-pressure control, or even cascade control.
Coordinated Control: In general, you provide various logic schemes to move the steam turbine valves for quick load response, as well as fire the boiler for the anticipated energy requirements of the boiler (generally via an energy balance equation).
This document provides an overview of gas turbine fundamentals and components. It discusses the gas turbine course topics which include the lubrication oil system, hydraulic oil system, trip oil system and other key systems. It then summarizes the components and operation of a GE 9001E gas turbine, including descriptions of the compressor, combustion system, turbine, bearings and lubrication oil system.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator, Cold, warm and Hot rolling of Steam TurbineManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes the cold rolling, warm rolling and hot rolling and synchronising of steam turbine. The Temperature Matching Chart for Turbine metal and Steam is also discussed in the presentation
Steam turbine over speed trip systems (6)Prem Baboo
This document discusses steam turbine overspeed trip systems. It describes how the tripping device works by draining governing oil pressure when the turbine needs to be tripped, causing the stop valve piston disc and control valves to close. It also discusses the overspeed governor, which protects the turbine from speeds higher than safe operating value. The overspeed governor uses an eccentric pin within the turbine shaft that moves outward at a preset trip speed due to centrifugal force, actuating the tripping device. Finally, it describes an eccentric pin mechanical overspeed system that is separate from the governing systems and uses an unbalanced pin to trigger a trip at a preset overspeed threshold.
The document discusses steam turbine governor systems and controls. It describes how governors regulate steam flow to maintain desired turbine speed even as load torque changes. It also describes emergency controls to reduce steam flow if load is lost to prevent overspeed, or trip the turbine if speed cannot be controlled. The document then summarizes various turbine control components, including hydraulic and electronic controls, valves, actuators and their functions in speed control, load control, flow control and overspeed protection.
The document provides information on governing systems and common problems encountered. It discusses:
1. The components of a typical governing system block diagram including pumps, valves, filters and overspeed trip devices.
2. Cleaning procedures and stroke check requirements for governing systems.
3. Parameters that should be followed such as oil pressures, signals, valve lifts and temperatures.
4. Common governing problems like hunting, chattering, and sudden speed variations.
5. Case studies examining issues like improper servomotor assembly and a bent pilot valve spring causing load hunting.
The document provides an overview of a turbine governing system. It discusses the key components and functions of hydraulic and electro-hydraulic governing systems used for a 200MW KWU turbine. These include speed and load controllers, governing system devices like the starting device and speeder gear, protective devices like overspeed trips, and the working of the hydraulic and electro-hydraulic systems. Different oils used and the selection process between the hydraulic and electro-hydraulic governors are also summarized.
Feedwater heaters are used in thermal power plants to pre-heat feedwater and improve cycle efficiency. They extract steam from various turbine stages and use it to heat incoming feedwater in stages. This reduces the amount of heat needed in the boiler and lowers the condenser pressure, improving efficiency. Feedwater heaters come in low-pressure and high-pressure varieties and utilize extracted steam in shell-and-tube or open heat exchangers. Their performance impacts the overall plant heat rate and emissions. Maintaining optimal temperatures and addressing issues like fouling or leaks is important for efficiency.
This document provides information about a 210 MW low pressure steam turbine. Key points:
- The turbine is a condensing, three cylinder, horizontal turbine with regenerative feed heating and nozzle governing. It has 12 stages in the high pressure turbine and 11 stages in the intermediate pressure turbine.
- The turbine has 5 bearings supporting the 3 rotors. Steam flows through the high pressure turbine, then to the reheater and intermediate pressure turbine before entering the low pressure turbine with 8 total stages.
- Procedures are described for starting the turbine safely using the barring gear to slowly rotate the rotors and prevent distortion, as well as monitoring metal temperatures, vibrations, and eccentricity during startup.
This document provides an overview of steam turbine maintenance for new executives. It covers the basic working principles of steam turbines, including how they convert high pressure steam into rotational energy. It also describes different turbine types like impulse and reaction turbines. The document outlines key components like blades and discusses velocity compounding. It details various losses in steam turbines and maintenance best practices for bearings, lubrication, alignments and other aspects.
Santec presentation on Heavy Duty Hydraulic presses SANTEC GROUP
This document provides information about Santec, an ISO-certified organization that manufactures hydraulic presses. It lists Santec's global presence, quality standards and achievements, scope of work, and after-sales support services. Santec designs and manufactures presses to JIS standards with CE marked machines. It ensures safety features, uses reputable suppliers, and provides on-site training and maintenance support to customers.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual.pdfjfkskmdmd3e
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine. It includes 3 pages summarizing the engine components and systems. Key details include: the 4 cylinder diesel engine uses compression ignition and common rail direct injection; it has a variable geometry turbocharger; and maintenance procedures are described for draining/filling oil, cleaning, checking pressure, and removing/installing components. Health and safety warnings are also provided.
The document provides an introduction and overview of governing systems for steam turbines. It defines a governing system as a control mechanism that regulates steam turbine parameters like inlet pressure and steam flow rate to enable stable power production. It describes the main types as nozzle and throttle governing and notes most LMW turbines use nozzle while KWU turbines use throttle governing. It outlines the key components of KWU turbine governing systems including control valves, pumps, speeders and more. It provides details on operating parameters and functions of different elements.
This document provides an overview and descriptions of the key components of an air preheater used at the Mongduong 2 560 MW Coal Fired Power Plant. It describes the rotor assembly, rotor seals, rotor drive unit, support and guide bearings, lube oil circulation unit, retractable sootblowers, water washing device, and fire fighting system. The air preheater transfers heat from flue gas to incoming combustion air using rotating heat transfer elements to increase the air temperature prior to combustion.
The document discusses reheater protection to prevent reheat tubes from starvation. It outlines the conditions that must be met for reheater protection to be enabled or disabled, including drum pressure above 30ksc, openings of high or low pressure bypass valves, feeders on or boiler firing, turbine valve positions, generator circuit breaker status, and bypass valve positions. It also indicates there is a loss of reheater protection signal.
The document provides instructions for various operations at a thermal power plant, including:
1) Charging the PRDS system and opening associated valves.
2) Opening valves in the cooling water system and starting the cooling water pump.
3) Heating the deaerator and establishing feedwater flow to the boiler by regulating valves.
4) Starting the boiler feed pumps and monitoring associated parameters.
5) Charging the main steam lines and monitoring drum level and flue gas temperatures.
6) Building condenser vacuum by opening air vents and valves, starting the ejectors, and admitting gland sealing steam.
The discussion on "Handling of Turbines During Emergencies" has been detailed in the ppt. Some case studies are also discussed in the session where the course participants express their difficulties while coming across the emergencies in handling the turbines at their locations.
Unit lightup synchronisation & shutdownAshvani Shukla
India's first 660 MW supercritical unit was synchronized by Adani Power Ltd in Mundra in 2010 in just 36 months. This document outlines the startup and shutdown sequence for supercritical units, including boiler flushing, turbine lining up, rolling, loading procedures, and phase changes from wet to dry and wet to supercritical modes. Key steps include boiler flushing to reduce iron and silica levels, preheating the high pressure casing, turbine rolling to operating speed, and gradually increasing load while bringing systems online.
This document discusses governing systems for turbines. It describes three main governing systems - nozzle governing, throttle governing, and bypass governing. It explains how governing is achieved by varying the amount of steam supplied to the turbine via control valves. Various modes, components, and functions of governing systems are outlined, including constant pressure and variable pressure modes, mechanical and electro-hydraulic transducers, turbine latching, and runback functions. The document also provides details on start-up procedures for a 150MW steam turbine-generator unit.
The document discusses steam turbine control and instrumentation. It describes various types of steam turbines including conventional cycle, combined cycle, and nuclear turbines ranging from 210MW to 800MW. It then discusses the aims of automation in steam turbines, including improved control quality, increased plant availability and efficiency. The document outlines the main subsystems of steam turbine control including control systems, monitoring and measurement systems, and protection systems. It provides details on an Automatic Turbine Run-Up System (ATRS) which automatically controls the start-up process. The ATRS utilizes functional group control philosophy and consists of sub-group controls, sub-loop controls, and drive interface controls. It also describes the turbine protection system and various tripping criteria to
MS Lines, Turbine Casings and rotors and other steam lines including Steam Stop Valves, MSV, CV, ESV heating, Turbine Rolling, Flange and Stud heating, Turbovisory and speeding the turbine to 3000 RPM.
Boiler Follow Mode: The boiler is divorced from the generation control, which means the steam turbine utilizes stored energy in the boiler to provide immediate load response. The boiler must then change firing rate to bring pressure back to setpoint.
Turbine Follow Mode: Turbine control valves maintain a set pressure while the boiler fires to maintain load. Drawback here is a slower generation response. There are variations with this scheme, in that the turbine control valves can be fully opened at higher loads to minimize the energy penalty associated with the DP loss across them. In that case, it has been called sliding-pressure control, or even cascade control.
Coordinated Control: In general, you provide various logic schemes to move the steam turbine valves for quick load response, as well as fire the boiler for the anticipated energy requirements of the boiler (generally via an energy balance equation).
This document provides an overview of gas turbine fundamentals and components. It discusses the gas turbine course topics which include the lubrication oil system, hydraulic oil system, trip oil system and other key systems. It then summarizes the components and operation of a GE 9001E gas turbine, including descriptions of the compressor, combustion system, turbine, bearings and lubrication oil system.
Thermal Power Plant Simulator, Cold, warm and Hot rolling of Steam TurbineManohar Tatwawadi
The presentation describes the cold rolling, warm rolling and hot rolling and synchronising of steam turbine. The Temperature Matching Chart for Turbine metal and Steam is also discussed in the presentation
Steam turbine over speed trip systems (6)Prem Baboo
This document discusses steam turbine overspeed trip systems. It describes how the tripping device works by draining governing oil pressure when the turbine needs to be tripped, causing the stop valve piston disc and control valves to close. It also discusses the overspeed governor, which protects the turbine from speeds higher than safe operating value. The overspeed governor uses an eccentric pin within the turbine shaft that moves outward at a preset trip speed due to centrifugal force, actuating the tripping device. Finally, it describes an eccentric pin mechanical overspeed system that is separate from the governing systems and uses an unbalanced pin to trigger a trip at a preset overspeed threshold.
The document discusses steam turbine governor systems and controls. It describes how governors regulate steam flow to maintain desired turbine speed even as load torque changes. It also describes emergency controls to reduce steam flow if load is lost to prevent overspeed, or trip the turbine if speed cannot be controlled. The document then summarizes various turbine control components, including hydraulic and electronic controls, valves, actuators and their functions in speed control, load control, flow control and overspeed protection.
The document provides information on governing systems and common problems encountered. It discusses:
1. The components of a typical governing system block diagram including pumps, valves, filters and overspeed trip devices.
2. Cleaning procedures and stroke check requirements for governing systems.
3. Parameters that should be followed such as oil pressures, signals, valve lifts and temperatures.
4. Common governing problems like hunting, chattering, and sudden speed variations.
5. Case studies examining issues like improper servomotor assembly and a bent pilot valve spring causing load hunting.
The document provides an overview of a turbine governing system. It discusses the key components and functions of hydraulic and electro-hydraulic governing systems used for a 200MW KWU turbine. These include speed and load controllers, governing system devices like the starting device and speeder gear, protective devices like overspeed trips, and the working of the hydraulic and electro-hydraulic systems. Different oils used and the selection process between the hydraulic and electro-hydraulic governors are also summarized.
Feedwater heaters are used in thermal power plants to pre-heat feedwater and improve cycle efficiency. They extract steam from various turbine stages and use it to heat incoming feedwater in stages. This reduces the amount of heat needed in the boiler and lowers the condenser pressure, improving efficiency. Feedwater heaters come in low-pressure and high-pressure varieties and utilize extracted steam in shell-and-tube or open heat exchangers. Their performance impacts the overall plant heat rate and emissions. Maintaining optimal temperatures and addressing issues like fouling or leaks is important for efficiency.
This document provides information about a 210 MW low pressure steam turbine. Key points:
- The turbine is a condensing, three cylinder, horizontal turbine with regenerative feed heating and nozzle governing. It has 12 stages in the high pressure turbine and 11 stages in the intermediate pressure turbine.
- The turbine has 5 bearings supporting the 3 rotors. Steam flows through the high pressure turbine, then to the reheater and intermediate pressure turbine before entering the low pressure turbine with 8 total stages.
- Procedures are described for starting the turbine safely using the barring gear to slowly rotate the rotors and prevent distortion, as well as monitoring metal temperatures, vibrations, and eccentricity during startup.
This document provides an overview of steam turbine maintenance for new executives. It covers the basic working principles of steam turbines, including how they convert high pressure steam into rotational energy. It also describes different turbine types like impulse and reaction turbines. The document outlines key components like blades and discusses velocity compounding. It details various losses in steam turbines and maintenance best practices for bearings, lubrication, alignments and other aspects.
Santec presentation on Heavy Duty Hydraulic presses SANTEC GROUP
This document provides information about Santec, an ISO-certified organization that manufactures hydraulic presses. It lists Santec's global presence, quality standards and achievements, scope of work, and after-sales support services. Santec designs and manufactures presses to JIS standards with CE marked machines. It ensures safety features, uses reputable suppliers, and provides on-site training and maintenance support to customers.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual.pdfjfkskmdmd3e
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine. It includes 3 pages summarizing the engine components and systems. Key details include: the 4 cylinder diesel engine uses compression ignition and common rail direct injection; it has a variable geometry turbocharger; and maintenance procedures are described for draining/filling oil, cleaning, checking pressure, and removing/installing components. Health and safety warnings are also provided.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfzao908wangsa
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine. It includes 3 pages of summaries of the engine components, operation, technical specifications, and maintenance/repair procedures. Safety precautions are outlined, and images and descriptions of both internal and external engine components are provided for identification purposes.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdftan0033118
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine. It includes 3 pages summarizing the engine components and systems. Key details include: the 4 cylinder diesel engine uses compression ignition and common rail direct injection; it has a variable geometry turbocharger; and maintenance procedures are described for draining, cleaning, checking pressure, removing and installing components, and storing the engine. Health and safety warnings are also provided.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfid9sodkdkmdm
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine, a 4-cylinder diesel engine. It includes technical specifications, component identification diagrams, maintenance procedures like draining fluids and removing/installing parts. Safety precautions are outlined, noting hot components, high pressure fuel, and ensuring the engine is stopped before working on rotating parts.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdff8iseoddm9i
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine. It includes 3 pages summarizing the engine components and systems. Key details include: the 4 cylinder diesel engine uses compression ignition and operates on a four stroke cycle; it has a variable geometry turbocharger and common rail fuel injection system; maintenance procedures like draining oil, cleaning, checking pressure and removing/installing components are described. Health and safety warnings for working on hot components and rotating parts are also provided.
JCB T2 T3 Elec Engine 4 Cyl Service Repair Manual Instant Download.pdfifkksem9didok
This service manual section provides information on servicing the JCB T2/3 Elec Engine, a 4-cylinder diesel engine. It includes technical specifications, component identification diagrams, maintenance procedures, and safety warnings. Basic operation is described, such as the 4-stroke ignition cycle and use of a common rail fuel injection system and variable geometry turbocharger.
Preferred Utilities designs and manufactures fuel management systems and components. They offer a full range of products including fuel transfer pumps, filtration systems, day tanks, control systems, and additives. Their fuel management systems continuously monitor fuel levels, detect leaks, and control pumps and valves. The systems eliminate installation problems when multiple suppliers are involved. Preferred Utilities can also provide customized fuel systems for mission critical facilities.
Jcb t2 t3 elec engine 4 cyl service repair manualdhjfjkmmmde
This service manual section provides information on servicing the engine. It includes 3 pages of details on the engine components, operation, and technical specifications. Safety warnings are provided around hot components, high pressure fuel, and ensuring the engine is stopped before working. Troubleshooting, maintenance and removal/installation procedures are listed.
Jcb t2 t3 elec engine 4 cyl service repair manualfusjfjsekemwer
This service manual section provides information on servicing the engine. It includes 3 pages of details on the engine components, operation, and technical specifications. Safety warnings are provided around hot components, high pressure fuel, and ensuring the engine is stopped before working. Troubleshooting, maintenance and removal/installation procedures are listed.
Jcb t2 t3 elec engine 4 cyl service repair manualujfjjskekkksmem
This service manual section contains information about a JCB T2/3 Elec Engine, including:
- The engine is a 4 cylinder diesel with common rail fuel injection and variable geometry turbocharger.
- It provides identification of major external and internal engine components and their functions.
- Safety precautions are outlined for working on hot components and ensuring proper PPE and procedures.
- Technical specifications of engine variants including displacement, cylinder arrangement, valve clearances and more.
The document provides an overview of a gas turbine plant and its control system. It describes the main components of the plant including the compressor, combustor, turbine, and alternator. It then explains the Brayton and Rankine cycles that the gas turbine and control systems are based on. Finally, it summarizes the Mark VI control system used to control speed, temperature, load, start up, and acceleration of the turbine.
Toyota 7FBEF16 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdff7usedkddmmd
This document provides an overview of the new Toyota 7FBEF 15-20 forklift models. Key points include:
1. The models were developed to improve on the previous 5FBE series with features from the 7FB series, including an AC drive system for improved performance.
2. Major selling points of the new models include the AC drive system, power select function for optimized performance, and improved efficiency and operation hours.
3. Differences from previous models include a 30% improvement in loaded travel performance, 40% longer efficient operation hours, easier ingress/egress, and reduced maintenance costs from the brushless AC motor.
Toyota 7FBEF20 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdff7usedkddmmd
This document provides an overview of the new Toyota 7FBEF 15-20 forklift models. Key points include:
1. The new models adopt an AC motor drive system which improves performance, reduces maintenance needs compared to previous DC systems.
2. Models include 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, and 2 ton capacities. Three power modes (H, P, S) allow operators to optimize for different tasks.
3. Features like regenerative braking and power keep functions improve efficiency and extend operation hours by up to 40% compared to previous models.
4. Ergonomic improvements like an open step and tilt steering with memory aid ingress/egress. Increased head
Toyota 7FBEF16 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdffujjsekmd9id8i
This document provides an overview of the new Toyota 7FBEF 15-20 forklift models. Key points include:
1. The models were developed to improve on the previous 5FBE series with features from the 7FB series, including an AC drive system for improved performance.
2. Major selling points of the new models include the AC drive system, power select function for optimized performance modes, and improved efficiency from regenerative braking and power keep functions.
3. Updates like increased headroom and tilt steering with memory allow for easier ingress/egress compared to previous models. Maintenance costs are also reduced through features like brushless AC motors.
Toyota 7FBEF20 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdffujjsekmd9id8i
The document provides information about the new Toyota 7FBEF15-20 forklift models, including:
1. The development objectives were to address disparities compared to competitors' models and focus on environmental concerns by adopting an AC drive system.
2. Major features of the new models include the AC drive system, power select function, improved efficiency operation hours, easy ingress/egress, reduced maintenance costs, and safety functions from the 7FB series.
3. Key differences from previous models include larger dimensions, AC motors, electronic controls, increased head clearance and battery capacity, and safety features from the 7FB series.
Toyota 7FBEF18 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdfufuejkdkmdm
The document provides information about the new Toyota 7FBEF15-20 forklift models, including:
1. The development objectives were to address disparities compared to competitors' models and focus on environmental concerns by adopting an AC drive system.
2. Major features of the new models include the AC drive system, power select function, improved efficiency operation hours, easy ingress/egress, reduced maintenance costs, and safety functions from the 7FB series.
3. Key differences from previous models include larger dimensions, AC motors, electronic controls, increased head clearance and battery capacity, and safety features from the 7FB series.
Toyota 7FBEF16 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdfxrnn810845
The document provides information about the new Toyota forklift 7FBEF15 to 20 models, including:
1. The development objectives were to address disparities compared to competitors' models and focus on environmental concerns by adopting an AC drive system.
2. Major features of the new models include the AC motor drive system, power select function, improved efficiency operation hours, easy ingress/egress, and reduced maintenance costs.
3. The new models have larger dimensions than the previous models, AC motors instead of DC, and additional safety functions from the 7FB series.
Toyota 7FBEF18 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdffujjsekmd9id8i
This document provides an overview of the new Toyota 7FBEF 15-20 forklift models. Key points include:
1. The new models adopt an AC motor drive system which improves performance, reduces maintenance needs compared to previous DC systems.
2. Models include 1.5, 1.6, 1.8, and 2 ton capacities. Three power modes (H, P, S) allow operators to optimize for different tasks.
3. Additional features like regenerative braking and power keep functions improve efficiency and extend operation times by up to 40% over previous models.
4. Easy ingress/egress and increased headroom enhance usability. Maintenance costs are reduced through elimination of
Toyota 7FBEF15 Electric Forklift Trucks Service Repair Manual.pdffujjsekmd9id8i
This document provides an overview of the new Toyota 7FBEF 15-20 forklift models. Key points include:
1. The new models adopt an AC motor drive system which improves performance, reduces maintenance needs compared to previous DC systems.
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4. A programmable logic
controller (PLC) or
programmable
controller is a digital
computer used for
automation of
industrial processes,
such as control of
machinery on factory
assembly lines.
5. SCADA is “Supervisory
Control and Data
Acquisition” real-time
industrial process control
system used to centrally
monitor and control .
Most control actions are
performed automatically
by Remote Terminate
Units (“RTUs”) or by
Programmable Logic
controllers (“PLCs”).
6. Steam Turbine Protection System is
designed with today technology to operate
the thermal power plants in safe and
reliable manner.
The protection system operates only when
any of the control system set point
parameter is exceeded, & the steam
turbine will damaged if it continues to
Operate.
The steam turbine protection of lube system &
implementation for smooth automatic
operation is done by using SIMATIC S7 PLC
along with monitoring SCADA SYSTEM by
using WinCC software.
7. Demand for high quality, greater efficiency and an
automated machine has increased day by day in the industrial
sector as well as power plants.
Power plants require continuous monitoring and inspection
at frequent intervals.
There are possibilities of errors at measuring and various
stages involved with human workers and also the lack of few
features of microcontrollers.
Thus here explained the advantages that will be obtained by
implementing automation system.
8. The turbine lube oil system control which is the most
important part of any power plant, and its automation is the
precise effort.
In order to automate a power plant and minimize human
intervention, there is a need to develop PLC based system
along with monitoring SCADA system that monitors the plant
and helps reduce the errors caused by humans.
The internal storage of instruction of PLC is used for
implementing function to control various types of machines
and processes through digital or analog input/ output
modules.
9. PLC systems are used to monitor and control a plant or
equipment in industries such as power plants, energy, oil and
gas refining and transportation.
10. Lubricating oil systems generally serve the turbine and its
driven object in ways other than supplying oil to the
bearings. Most turbines have hydraulic control
systems that use lubricating oil as the working fluid
and lubricating system pressure as the actuating force.
11. Turbine lube-oil systems have many missions among
the most important are following-
Provides a supply of oil to journal bearings to give an
oil wedge as the shaft rotates.
Maintains the temperature of turbine bearings constant
at the required level.
Provides a medium for hydraulically operating the
governor gear and controlling the steam admission
valves.
Provides for hydrogen cooled generators a sealing
medium to prevent hydrogen leaking out along the shaft.
12. Following are the components of Lube Oil System-
a) Main and Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump
b) Emergency Lube Oil Pump
c) Oil Vapour Extractor (OVE) Fans
d) Jacking Oil Pump
e) Main Oil Tank (MOT)
13. a) Main and Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump
Main Oil Pump
•This pump is located at the front bearing
pedestal of the HP turbine.
•It is coupled to the turbine rotor through a gear
coupling.
•When the turbine is running at a normal speed
of 3000rpm, then the desired quantity of oil to
the governing systems and the lubrication
systems is supplied by this pump.
14. Auxiliary Oil Pump
•Auxiliary Oil Pump can meet the requirements
of lubrication system under emergency
conditions.
•One stage vertical centrifugal pump driven by
an A.C. electric motor.
•It has radial impeller and volute casing.
•The pump automatically takes over under
interlock action whenever the oil pressure in the
lubrication system fails below certain desired
level.
15. MOP and AOP Start/Stop Conditions
Start Permissive-
•Drive remote selected
•MOP feeder healthy OR AOP feeder healthy
Manual Start-
•Through Pushbutton when drive in manual mode
Auto Start-
•Lube oil header pressure low(Set point >= 2.5)
•Control oil pressure (Set point >= 9 kg/cm2)
OR
Standby drive is tripped (AOP feeder not healthy)
OR
Standby drive is (AOP) is not running & vice versa.
Auto Trip-
•MOP OR AOP feeder unhealthy.
16. b) Emergency lube oil pump
•Emergency oil pump driven by DC Motor is provided.
•When all sources of oil supply fail the Emergency oil
pump ensures supply to bearings during coasting
down period.
•This is the reason why these pump are connected to
the bearing oil circuit without passing through oil
cooler and filter to ensure positive supply of oil to the
bearing.
17. EOP Start/Stop Conditions
Manual Start
•Through Pushbutton when drive in manual mode
Manual Stop
•Through Pushbutton when drive in manual mode
•Lube oil header pressure not LOW (Set point> 1.2kg/cm2)
Auto Start
•Lube oil header pressure LOW turbine speed = > 20rpm.
•EOP can automatically start and cannot be stopped until the
pressure becomes normal or turbine speed come to standstill
18. c) Oil vapour extractor (ove) fans
•During Turbine operation when either of the MOP or AOP or
EOP is supplying lube oil to all the bearings.
•Due to the oil circulation and heat taken away by the oil from
bearing, vapours formation is occurred inside the lube oil
tank.
•This creates a positive pressure above the oil level, which
may cause restrictions for the proper oil circulation.
•As it is necessary to remove the vapour from tank and create
slight negative pressure oil vapour extractor fan is provided.
•This also prevents leakages from the bearings baffle rings.
19. OVE Fans Start/Stop Conditions
Start Permissive
•Drive remote selected.
Manual StartSTOP
•Through Pushbutton when drive in manual mode.
Auto Start
•Any of the oil pump is running
OR
•Standby drive is tripped.
•Standby drive is not running.
Auto Trip
•Feeder Fault
20. d) Jacking oil pump
•JOP ensures that there is no metal contact between a journal
and the bearing.
•Positive displacement pumps that provide high pressure
supply of oil under strategic journals of the turbo generator
and oil lifts the shaft slightly.
• This greatly reduces the static friction and bearing wear.
•The JOP can be stopped after the lubricating oil film is
established between the shaft and bearings.
• Pressure produced is 120 bars
21. e) Main oil tank (mot)
•The oil used for lubrication is stored in the Mai Oil Tank.
• Capacity -20/32 m3.
• The Main Oil Tank holds the oil inside the tank for a period
long enough to ensure liberation of air from the oil.
• Filters are located inside the tank to filter the oil during its
normal course.
• The oil tank is supported on a framed structure just below
the turbine floor at the left hand side of the turbine
22. SIMATIC S7 is standard software for creating programmable
logic control program in Ladder logic, Function Block
diagram or Statement List for SIMATIC S7-300/400 stations.
Basic Tasks when you create an automation solution with
STEP 7, there are a series of basic tasks projects and assigns
them to a basic procedure.
23. Using the STEP 7 software, you can create your S7 program
within a project programmable controller consists of a power
supply unit, a CPU, and input and output modules. The
programmable logic controller (PLC) monitors and controls
the machine with the S7 program. The I/O modules are
addressed in the S7 program via address. The SIMATIC
Manager is the central window which becomes active when
STEP7 is started.
24. To create the project in STEP 7 Software here some basic steps
are mention.
CPU (Central Processing Unit):
Name:CPU313-2DP(1)
ORDER NO: 6ES7 313-6CF03-0AB0
Digital and Analog Input/output:
DI16/DO16
AI18/AO18
Power Supply Module:
Name: PS 307, 5A
Order No: 6ES7307-1EA01-0AA0
Technical Specification : Output current 5 A; Output voltage
24 VDC; short circuit proof, open circuit proof Connection to
single phase AC mains(rated input voltage120/230V, 50/60
HZ).
25. The hardware configuration editor is reached from SIMATIC
manager. This is where engineers set up entire hardware
network, concerning everything from what kind of PLC to use
to the type media interconnection between nodes and where
the OS and ES stations should be connected in the automatic
control system network.
26. The programming has been done using FBD (Function Block
Diagram) language for the PLC and protections interlock
logics for lube oil system has been done in the Step 7 Software.
28. SIMATIC WinCC Flexible
SCADA system offers maximum functionality and a user-
friendly user interface. It gives the advantage of absolute
openness to both the office environment and to production and
integrated process database and Plant Intelligence. For
example; ensure transparency in production. Numerous
options and add-ons extend and expand the scope of
performance.
WinCC is a powerful HMI system. HMI stands for "Human
Machine Interface", i.e. the interface between the person and
the machine. WinCC or Windows Control Centre, is the
program where the operator picture are built, allows the
operation and observance of the processes that run in a
machine.
30. Configuration steps in the
WinCC explorer are
mention below:
Project Name: Lube Oil
System.
Connection Parameters:
The connection from
WinCC to the AS is
established.
32. Graphic Design:
Faceplate can be defined as the properties
which are permanently saved in the
Properties window for an I/O field.
It can be used for creating & changing
elements on of process values is also possible.
33. 11 individual tags are
following:
Fail State.
Local Selected
State.
On Command.
Off Command.
On Protection.
Off Protection
On Permission
Off Permission
Automatic Mode
Manual Mode
Release Mode
34. Drive ON Conditions: If Auto Mode OR Manual Mode AND
Permission On AND Release Mode AND no Fail msg.
Drive OFF Conditions: If Manual Mode And Release Mode AND
Permission Off OR Fail msg. OR Off command.
Basic steps to configure faceplate properties:
Right Click on automatic button and select object properties.
After selecting object properties then select events, in events select the
option of mouse.
If we press left on mouse then direct connection through a constant and
assign the tag name.
In this way all the states are assign in
faceplate.
36. HMI is developed to read the values numerically as well
as graphically in WinCC flexible. Simatic WinCC flexible
is HMI software provided by Siemens Company. It
provides easy implementation with wide variety of
graphics for industry applications.
37. The automation of Lube Oil System was
implemented successfully using FBD
language along with monitoring SCADA
System by using WinCC software. The
turbine was thus automatically protected
when any fault condition occurred
through interlock protection logics of lube
oil system has been developed in
SIMATIC Manger.