The document defines key concepts related to states, nations, and globalization. A state is a political entity with defined territory and people that is sovereign. A nation refers more to a cultural identity of a group of people who share a common history and culture. While a state is a legal concept, a nation is more ethnical. A key difference is that a nation can exist without a state, but a state requires sovereignty. Globalization involves increasing interconnectedness where social relations are less defined by territorial boundaries, affecting how nation-states interact economically. It can favor Westernization as other states must consider their policies in light of international commerce dominated by Western nations.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
3. Concept of State
• From the Latin word stare (to stand)
• Is a community of persons more or less occupying a
definite territory possessing an organize government
and enjoying independence or external control.The
elements of which are sovereignty, people, territory
and government.
• Self governing political entity.
• Can be used interchangeably with country.
5. People
It is the entire body of those citizens
of a state who are invested with
political or for political purposes.
6. Territory
• It is the geographical area under the
jurisdiction of another country or
sovereign power of a state. It must be a
fixed territory with inhabitants occupy.
• Refers to the portion of the earth which
composed of aerial (above), fluvial (waters
around and connecting the islands of the
archipelago) and terrestrial (land mass)
domains.
7. Modes of AcquiringTerritory
•By discovering or occupation.
•By Prescription.
•By Cession.
•By Subjugation and Annexation.
•By Accretion.
8. By discovering or occupation
•A state may acquire territory by discovering a
continent, an island or land with no inhabitants or
occupied by uncivilized inhabitants and there after
occupying it under its political administration.
• Uninhabited lands
• Land inhabited by uncivilized persons
• Land discovered but failed to occupy it for unreasonable
length of time
9. By Prescription
It is the mode of acquiring territory through
continuous and undisputed exercise of
sovereignty over it during such period as is
necessary to create under the present
condition of things is in conformity with
international order.
10. By Cession
It is the assignment transfer or yielding up
of territory by one state or government to
another.
11. By Subjugation and Annexation
It is a mode of acquiring territory belonging to a
state by occupation and conquest made by
another state in the course of war and by
annexation of the end of a war.
12. By Accretion
Another mode of acquiring territory by
addition of portion of soil, either artificial or
natural.
13. Maritime terms
• Territorial Sea – Coastal state have sovereignty, including exclusive
fishing rights (12 nautical miles).
• Contiguous Zone – Coastal state can enforce its customs,
immigration. And sanitation laws and exercise “hot pursuit” out of its
territorial waters ( 24 nautical miles)
• Exclusive Economic Zone – state has recognized rights to explore,
eploit, conserve, and manage the natural resources (200 nautical
miles)
• Continental Shelf – countries have exclusive rights to natural
resources up to 350 nautical miles.
• High Seas - beyond EEZ “common heritage of humankind.”
14. Government
•As an element of state, it is the totality of authorities
which rule a society by prescribing and carrying out
the fundamental rules which regulate the freedom of
each member. It is derived from “Gubernaculum”
meaning “rudder.”
•Refers to the institution or agency or
instrumentalities through which the state maintains
social order, provide public services, and enforces
binding decisions.
15. Two kinds of Government
De Jure (Legitimate) Government
It is one established in accordance to the constitution of the
nation and lawfully entitled to recognition and supremacy and
administration of the nation but which is actually cut off from
power or control.
De facto (Illegitimate) Government
It is one that maintains itself by display of force against the will
of the rightful legal government and is successful at least
temporarily in overturning the institution of the rightful legal
government by setting its own in lieu thereof.
16. Forms of Government
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers:
Monarchy - The sovereign power is vested in a single
person.
Absolute Monarchy - One in which the ruler rules by
divine right.
Limited Monarchy - One in which the ruler rules in
accordance with constitution.
17. Forms of Government
As to number of persons exercising sovereign powers:
Aristocracy - The political power is exercised by few
privileged class.
Democracy - One in which the political power eased by a
majority of the people.
18. Types of Democracy
Direct or pure democracy - One in which the will of the
state is formulated or expressed directly and immediately
though the people in the mass meeting or primary
assembly rather than through the medium of delegates
or representatives chosen to act for them.
19. Types of Democracy
Indirect, representative or republican democracy - One which
the will of the state is formulated and expressed through the
agency of a relatively small and select body of persons chosen
by the people to act as their representatives.
20. Forms of Government
As to extent of powers exercised by the central or
national government
Unitary government - One in which the control of
national and local affairs is exercised by the central of
national government.
Federal government - One in which the power of the
government are divided between two sets of organ, one
for national affairs and the other for local affairs.
21. Forms of Government
As to relationship between the executive and legislative
branches of the government
Parliamentary government - The state confers upon the
legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of
the real executive.
Presidential – is a form of government in which executive
branch exist separately from the legislature.The President
is constitutionally independent of the legislature because
they are elected directly by the people.
22. Sovereignty
•Refers to supreme and absolute power
within its territorial boundaries.
•It is the supreme absolute and
uncontrollable power by which an
independent state is governed
23. Kinds of Sovereignty
Internal Sovereignty
• It is the power to control and direct the internal affairs
of the country.We have the right to enact, execute
and apply laws.
External sovereignty
• It is the power of an independent state to control and
direct its external affairs. We have the authority to
enter into treaties with other countries, to wage war
and to receive and send diplomatic missions.
24. Inherent Power of State
1. Police Power – Power of the state to
regulate freedoms and property rights of
individuals for the protection of public safety,
health, and morals or the promotion of the
public convenience and general prosperity.
25. Inherent Power of State
2. Eminent Domain – power of the state to
take private property for public use upon
payment of just compensation.
It is exercised through national and local
government and private persons or
corporation authorized to exercise function
of public character.
26. Inherent Power of State
3.Taxation – power to impose tax on individuals and
properties to support the government.
Tax – Life blood of government
Uniform taxation – persons or things belonging to the
same class shall be tax at the same rate.
Equitable taxation – tax burden must be imposed
according to the taxpayers capacity to pay.
Progressive taxation – as the resources of the taxpayer
becomes higher his rate likewise increase
27. Nation
It is defined as people or aggregation of men existing in
the form of an organize society usually inhabiting a
distinct portion of the earth, speaking the same language,
using the same customs, possessing historic continuity
and disguised from other like group by their racial origin
and characteristic and generally but not necessarily living
under the same government and sovereignty.
28. Nation
A complex phenomenon shaped by a collection of
cultural, political, and psychological factors
Is the social construction of a collective identity.
A group of people who share same history, geography,
language, customs, and sometimes religion.
29. State vs. Nation
State Nation
It is legal political / Juridical
Concept
It is racial cultural / Ethnical
Concept
People organized for a law
within a definite territory.
People psychologically joined
together with common will to
live together.
A state must be sovereign People continue as a nation
even if they do not remain
sovereign.
It is formal It is informal
There can be a state with
several nations
There can be a nation without
a state.
30. Globalization
•Refers to processes whereby many social relations
become relatively delinked from territorial geography, so
that human lives are increasingly played out in the world
as a single place
•is a force that changed the way nation-states deal with
one another, particularly in the area of international
commerce.
31. Globalization FavorsWesternization
•Other nation-states are at a disadvantage when
dealing with the Americas and Europe.
•nation-states are forced to examine their economic
policies in light of the many challenges and
opportunities that multinational corporations and
other entities of international commerce present.