Philippine Constitution Revised
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This document provides an introduction to studying the Philippine Constitution. It discusses why understanding the Constitution is important for citizenship and education. It defines key concepts like the state, government, sovereignty, and the elements that make up a state including the people, territory, and government. It also outlines different theories on the origin of the state and different forms of government based on who exercises power, the extent of central government powers, and the relationship between the executive and legislative branches.
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We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
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The powers of the government, by virtue of this principle are divided into three (3) distinct classes: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. They are distributed, respectively among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches or departments of the government.
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We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the Philippine constitution and government based on the 1987 constitution. It outlines that the Philippines has a democratic and republican form of government where sovereignty resides with the people. It describes the bill of rights and individual freedoms guaranteed in the constitution. It also discusses the purpose and structure of the Philippine constitution.
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The document discusses several key concepts related to states as political systems:
1) It defines what constitutes a state and classifies states as unitary, composite, confederations, and federations.
2) It examines states under international law and categorizes them as independent, dependent, neutralized, and neutral.
3) It outlines several theories on the origins of states, including the divine right theory, social contract doctrine, necessity and force theory, and more.
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This document defines key concepts related to states, nations, and globalization. It begins by defining a state as an independent country with a population, common language, and defined territory. A nation refers more to a cultural identity that may cross state boundaries. The document then discusses how states are formed through establishing governments over populations within territories. It explains globalization as influencing nation-states by allowing increased cultural diffusion across state lines.
ARTICLE 8 JUDICIAL DEPARTMENT
The judiciary, also known as the court system, interprets and applies the law, provides dispute resolution, and ensures equal justice. It consists of a Supreme Court as the highest court and lower courts. The judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and lower statutory courts established by law. The judiciary settles legal controversies and determines if other branches abused their discretion or jurisdiction.
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The Commission on Audit is composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners who are natural-born Filipino citizens at least 35 years old with experience as CPAs or lawyers. They are appointed by the President for 7 years without reappointment.
The Commission has the power to examine, audit, and settle accounts of government revenues/expenditures. It keeps the general accounts of the government and defines the scope of its audits. It promulgates accounting and auditing rules and regulations and submits an annual financial report to the President and Congress.
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1. The document outlines the accountability of public officers under the Philippine Constitution. It defines key terms like public office, public officer, and establishes standards for integrity and conduct.
2. It discusses the process for impeachment of public officials, the grounds for impeachment, and which officials can be impeached.
3. It creates the Office of the Ombudsman to investigate graft and corruption, and outlines their powers, functions, and fiscal autonomy.
4. It establishes protections against ill-gotten wealth and conflicts of interest, and requires public officers to disclose their assets and maintain allegiance to the State.
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Power refers to the ability to exercise control or authority over others. There are various bases and dimensions of power, including those proposed by social psychologists French and Raven involving expert, referent, reward, legitimate, and coercive power. Weber also classified power based on authority into charismatic, traditional, and legal-rational authority. In politics, power relates to sovereignty and the state's ability to govern without outside interference. Legitimacy also plays a role through laws, customs, and the people's acceptance of a government's right to rule. The Philippine constitution establishes the president as both head of state and government who exercises national power through policies and agencies while being subject to limitations to protect individual rights.
Requisites of a good written constitution
The document outlines the requisites of a good written constitution. It should be brief but comprehensive, covering the constitution of government, liberty, and sovereignty. A constitution differs from a statute in that it establishes the general framework of law and government from the people, intended to govern the future, and acts as the supreme law of the land to which all other laws must conform.
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This document provides an overview of the key concepts of politics and governance. It defines politics as deriving from the Greek word for city-state and involving activities around government and laws. Politics can be seen as the art of government, as public affairs, and as a process of compromise and conflict resolution. Governance is defined as the process of decision-making and implementation by governments to deliver services. The document outlines characteristics of good governance, including participation, rule of law, transparency, and accountability. It provides examples of politics and governance in different contexts.
Politics and Forms of Government in the Philippines
Politics involves the study of power and influence between rulers and the ruled. It can be defined as the art of compromise to achieve goals or the capacity to say no to dangerous ideas. Politics exists wherever people try to wield power and influence over others. The key elements of politics are rule, authority, influence, and power. Governance involves the political, economic, and administrative authority to manage a country's affairs. A state has a defined territory, people, government, and sovereignty, while a nation is based more on shared ethnicity and culture.
State and nation
A state is defined as a community of people occupying a defined territory, with its own government, and sovereignty over internal affairs. It is composed of people, a territory, a government, and sovereignty. A state differs from a nation as a state is a political concept based on these elements, while a nation refers more to a shared social identity of a group of people. Several theories were discussed on the origins of the state, including the divine right theory which argues the ruler is ordained by God; the necessity theory which sees states forming through conquest; the paternalistic theory which views the state evolving from the family unit; and the social contract theory which proposes states form through voluntary agreement between people to organize governance.
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The legislative power in the Philippines is vested in the Philippine Congress, which is comprised of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 24 members who serve 6-year terms, while the House has between 250-300 members who serve 3-year terms. Both chambers must pass a bill through multiple readings before it can be sent to the President for approval. The Congress also exercises diplomatic powers such as declaring war and ratifying treaties.
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The powers of the government, by virtue of this principle are divided into three (3) distinct classes: the legislative, the executive and the judicial. They are distributed, respectively among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches or departments of the government.
Under the principle of co-equal and coordinate powers among the three (3) branches, the officers entrusted with each of these powers are not permitted to encroach upon the powers confided to the others. If one department goes beyond the limits set by the Constitution, its acts are null and void. The adoption of this principle was motivated by the belief that arbitrary rule would result if the same person or body were to exercise all the powers of the government.
Module 6: THE EXECUTIVE
The document summarizes key aspects of the Philippine government system and presidency. It outlines that the Philippines has a presidential, unitary, and republican system of government with separation of powers among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It provides details on the qualifications, election process, terms and powers of the President and Vice President. It also discusses checks on presidential power and summarizes some notable recent Philippine presidents.
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The document discusses the transition of government in the Philippines from Spanish rule to revolution. It describes how Spain established the encomienda system and local governments like providences, cities, municipalities, and barangays. It also summarizes the structure of the Spanish colonial government including the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Finally, it outlines the organizational structure of the revolutionary KKK movement.
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Philippine Constitution Revised
- 2. Why is it necessary to study the Constitution? Education for citizenship Essential part of liberal education Knowledge and understanding of government
- 3. Concept of State and Government State – a community of persons more or less numerous permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of its own to which the great body of inhabitants renders obedience, and and enjoying freedom from external control
- 4. 1. People – mass of population living within the state Elements of the State
- 5. Elements of the State 2. Territory – fixed portion of the surface of the earth inhabited by the people of the state
- 6. Elements of the State 3. Government – agency through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed and carried out
- 8. Internal sovereigntyElements of the State
- 9. 1. Divine Right Theory – holds that the state is of divine creation and the ruler is ordained by God to govern the people Origin of the State
- 10. 2. Necessity or force theory – maintains that states must have been created through force Origin of the State
- 11. 3. Paternalistic theory – attributes the origin of states to the enlargement of the family Origin of the State
- 12. Origin of the State 4. Social Contract theory – asserts that the early states must have been formed by deliberate and voluntary compact among people to form a government of their own
- 13. As to the number of the persons exercising sovereign power: a. Monarchy – the supreme and final authority is in the hands of a single person. It is further classified into: absolute monarchy and limited monarchy. b. Aristocracy – the political power is exercised by the few priviledged class c. Democracy – the political power is exercised by the majority of people. It is futher classified into two: direct or pure democracy and indirect or representative democracy Forms of Government
- 14. As to extent of powers exercised by the central or national government a. Unitary Government – the control of national and local affairs is exercised by the central or national government b. Federal Government – the powers of government are divided between two sets of organs, one for national affairs and the other for local affairs
- 15. As to the relationship between the executive and the legislative branches of government a. Parliamentary – the state confers upon the legislature the power to terminate the tenure of office of the real executive b. Presidential – the state makes the executive constituionally independent of the legislative