Philippine politics and governance, week 5. State, Nation and Globalization. MELC: Analyze the relationships of state, nation, nation states, in the context of globalization.

1. PHILIPPINE
POLITICS AND
GOVERNANCE
Instructor: SURA J. AMILBAHAR

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3. THE STATE
▰ A state is a political structure of an organized
community which is internationally recognized as
an independent state, have a population, common
language, defined territory and an established
government.
▰ Related to but is not synonymous to government
and country.
▰ In a broader sense, it consists of the agreements
on how disputes are settled in the form of laws.
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4. THE STATE
▰ An organization with legal purpose; to impose
law and order to ensure the welfare and safety
of its citizens.
▰ Embodied by the public officials, the police and
armed forces, the government officers and
workers.
▰ Represented by symbols, i.e. flag, national
anthem, national animal, etc.
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5. ELEMENTS OF THE STATE
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POPULATION
TERRITORY
GOVERNMENT
SOVEREIGNTY
Refers to the people that
compose the state.Refers to the place where the
people are located, including
the land, natural resources and
air space located within it.
The system that administers or
controls the state; instrument
through which the will of the
state is made known and
implemented.
Refers to the ability of the state
to govern itself without outside
influence or interference.
INTERNAL
SOVEREIGNTY
EXTERNAL
SOVEREIGNTY
Refers to the ability of the state
to govern and control its
people and territory
Refers to the freedom of the
state from external influences
and foreign interventions.

6. SOVEREIGNTY AND LEGITIMACY
▰ Sovereignty is closely related to legitimacy.
▰ State attains legitimacy if it is recognized and
respected by the people.
▰ When majority of the population recognizes the
government and subsumes under its laws, then the
state is considered legitimate.
▰ State’s legitimacy is also internationally recognized
by other states or community of nations.
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7. SOVEREIGNTY OF THE STATE
▰ A sovereign state should be able to
freely pursue its goals and interests
as well as uphold it objectives
independently.
▰ A sovereign state is considered a
unified, coherent and organized entity
that is able to exercise legitimate
power for the welfare of its citizens.
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De jure StateDe facto State
A state that has
legitimacy but cannot
exercise sovereignty.
A state that has no
legitimacy but has
sovereignty.
A state can be a member of
international organizations and
institutions. This also means that a
sovereign state must abide by the
laws, policies or regulations
imposed by international
agreements or conventions.
Universal Declaration of Human
Rights adopted by all members of
UN in 1948 will need to abide and
comply to the principles defined on
the declaration.

8. NATION
▰ Nation – a large group of people who share common
characteristics such as language, traditions and
ethnicity, and share a history and culture (even if the
group does not have a country of its own).
▰ Emerged as a social construct, based on the
concepts of identity and ethnicity.
▰ “imagined communities” that see themselves as one
due to notions of unity.
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Tagalog
Ilocano
Hiligaynon
Visayan
Tausug
Maranao
Filipino

9. NATION-STATE
▰ A nation state is the idea of having a sovereign
state with a homogenous population of people
who share the same ethnicity, history,
traditions and culture.
▰ A state may emerge from a nation, if a nation
can define the elements that makes up a
state.
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STATE
NATION
NATION
STATE
National
Language:
Filipino
Unified
Ethnic Name:
Tausug

10. GLOBALIZATION AND THE NATION STATE
▰ Globalization refers to the gradual process of
political, economic and cultural integration
brought about by increased exchange of
products, ideas, and technology throughout
the world.
▰ Has been going on since ancient times: from
great empires to global empires during the
age of colonialism and imperialism. 10
League of Nations
United Nations
ASEAN
Rise of Supranational
Organizations
European Union
ICC

11. ASPECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
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Political Economic
Cultural
Political cooperation
and dialogue
among nations.
Economic integration,
treaties, and international
policies among nations.
Promotes cultural
exchange among nations.
Military matter and
global security threats.
Human trafficking,
Illegal drug trade,
Organized crime, etc.
UN Security Council
NATO
Trade & financial relations
among nations, removal
of trade barriers.
NAFTA
APEC
Spread of knowledge, ideas, content
about other cultures & nations.
Openness to diversity and understanding
of other people’s culture & lives.

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See you in the next lesson!

13. CREDITS
Special thanks to all the people who made and released these awesome resource:
▰ Presentation template by SlidesCarnival
▰ Photographs by Startup Stock Photos
▰ Philippine Politics and Governance by A.E. Joven, PhD (2017), C&E Publishing
▰ State, Nation and Globalization, by Shine Nunez, link: https://www.slideshare.net/ShineRelleNunez/state-
nationsandglobalization21pptx1 Accessed: Sept. 18, 2020
▰ State, The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica, Encyclopaedia Britannica, link:
https://www.britannica.com/topic/state-sovereign-political-entity Accessed: Sept. 18, 2020
▰ De Jure, jrank.com, link: https://law.jrank.org/pages/5976/De-Jure.html Accessed: Sept. 19, 2020
▰ Nation, National Geographic, link: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/nation/ Accessed:
Sept. 19, 2020
▰ State, Nation and Nation-State: Clarifying Misused Terminology, by Melissa Y. Rock, The Pennsylvania State
University, link: https://www.e-education.psu.edu/geog128/node/534 Accessed: Sept. 19, 2020 13