The document discusses concepts related to states and governments. It defines a state as having four essential elements - people, territory, sovereignty, and government. It describes different forms of government according to factors like the number of rulers and the relationship between national and local levels. Various functions of governments are also outlined, including lawmaking, policy implementation, and interpreting laws. Local governments play an important role in areas like health, agriculture, and small infrastructure. However, Philippine local governments rely heavily on income from the national government.
Explanation and Summary of Legislative Department in Article VI of the Philippine Constitution.
Reference Book: Philippine Governance and the 1987 Constitution
Explanation and Summary of Legislative Department in Article VI of the Philippine Constitution.
Reference Book: Philippine Governance and the 1987 Constitution
Article VII stipulates the qualifications, duties and functions of the President and Vice-President. It expressly states that the executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines. The President and the Vice-President are elected by direct vote of the qualified voters of the Philippines for a six-year term. While the President is not qualified for re-election, the vice-president can serve two (2) consecutive terms. This article stipulates that the President is the head of state, the chief executive of government, and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. However, certain protections are declared against abuses of executive power such as the prohibition against practice of any other profession, prohibition against appointment of spouse and relatives to certain positions in government and limitation on the declaration of martial law or suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus to a period not exceeding 60 days.
Philippine Constitution - Article X - Local GovernmentJohn Paul Espino
Article 10 - X - Local Government of the Philippines
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENTJehnMarieSimon1
LESSON IN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_41.html
Article VII stipulates the qualifications, duties and functions of the President and Vice-President. It expressly states that the executive power is vested in the President of the Philippines. The President and the Vice-President are elected by direct vote of the qualified voters of the Philippines for a six-year term. While the President is not qualified for re-election, the vice-president can serve two (2) consecutive terms. This article stipulates that the President is the head of state, the chief executive of government, and the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. However, certain protections are declared against abuses of executive power such as the prohibition against practice of any other profession, prohibition against appointment of spouse and relatives to certain positions in government and limitation on the declaration of martial law or suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus to a period not exceeding 60 days.
Philippine Constitution - Article X - Local GovernmentJohn Paul Espino
Article 10 - X - Local Government of the Philippines
PREAMBLE
We, the sovereign Filipino people, imploring the aid of Almighty God, in order to build a just and humane society, and establish a Government that shall embody our ideals and aspirations, promote the common good, conserve and develop our patrimony, and secure to ourselves and our posterity, the blessings of independence and democracy under the rule of law and a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace, do ordain and promulgate this Constitution.
THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH OF THE PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENTJehnMarieSimon1
LESSON IN POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE
HUMANITIES AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 11
https://learnwithjehn.blogspot.com/2021/02/philippine-politics-and-governance_41.html
Somewhat a different word or topic but DIVINATION has always been a judgmental and debatable topic. Quite interesting with much to explore the subject yet is confined to very few Research Agencies and Analyst.
a product of my intense :) research about public administration's ethics, accountability and corruption. reported in partial fulfillment of the course Public Administration 208 or the Philippine Administrative System, at UP Diliman, QC
Key dates :
1990 Self-government act – reactivation of the self-government in Poland (March)
First elections (June)
Self-government revenue act (December)
1991 Establishment of regional audit chambers
1997 New Constitution – new guarantees for the LGE
1998 Establishment of poviats (counties) and self-governed voivodships (regions)
2003 New Self-government revenue act – still in force
2004 Poland becomes the member of EU – new opportunities for LGs
2007 Voivodships become the managing authorities for the regional operational programmes
2009 New public finance act – budget procedures – still in force
ABSTRACT : (This research aimed to discover: 1) the local taxes contribution per sector to the Local OwnSource Revenue (PAD ~Indonesian) of Tarakan City from 2010 to 2019; 2) the tax effort achievement level in
Tarakan City from 2010 to 2019; 3) the local taxes acceptance efficiency level in Tarakan City from 2010 to
2019; 4) the local taxes acceptance effectiveness level in Tarakan City from 2010 to 2019; 5) the local taxes
acceptance elasticity per sector in Tarakan City from 2010 to 2019.This research used the quantitative
descriptive method. The data used were from 2010 to 2019 data. The data used were secondary data. The
collected data were the official data from the Department of Management of Regional Revenue, Finance and
Assets (DPPKAD ~Indonesian) and the Statistics Central Agency (BPS ~Indonesian) of TarakanCity.The results
showed that the local taxes contribution to the PAD of Tarakan City from 2010 to 2019 was 43.3% each year.
However, by looking at the local taxes contribution per sector, the average taxes contribution was less than 1%
each year. The tax effort in Tarakan City was averagely 0.15% each year. The efficiency level of Tarakan City
averagely reached 4.87% each year. The effectiveness level of Tarakan City averagely was 96% each year. The
average elasticity level was 0.03% each year. The Elasticity Taxes for hotels was 1.23% in average, 1.09% for
restaurants in average, 5.02% for the severance Type-C in average, 99.43% for the underground water in
average, 50.34% for swifts’ nest in average, and 3.34% for the Acquisition Duty of Right on Land and Building
(BPHTB ~Indonesian); and less than 1% for other taxes sector elasticity.
KEYWORDS: Tax Effort, Efficiency, Effectiveness, Elasticity, Local Taxes, Local Own-Source Revenue.
2. According to James Garner, the STATE
is a community of persons more or
less numerous occupying a definite
portion of territory completely free
of external control and possessing
an organized government to which a
great body of inhabitants render
habitual obedience.
5. People refer to the inhabitants
of the state. There is no strict
requirement on their number, but
they must be of sufficient number
to be self-sufficing.
6. Territory is a fixed portion on the
surface of the earth inhabited by
the people of the state.
8. 2 KINDS OF SOVEREIGNTY
1. Legal- is the authority which has the power to issue final
commands;
2. 2. Political – is the power behind the legal sovereign, or the sum
total of the influences that operate it.
9. Government is the instrument that provides
mechanisms in determining, formulating, and
implementing the policies of the state. It is the
essential instrument or machinery of the state
that carries out its will, purposes and objectives.
10. TWO FUNCTIONS OF GOVERNMENT
1. CONSTITUENT – Compulsory
function
2. MINISTRANT- Discretionary
function
12. A. According to the F ORMS OF
number of People GOVERNMENT
who rule
1. MONARCHY
2. OLIGARCHY
3. DEMOCRACY
13.
14. F ORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
1. FEDERAL B. According to
2. UNITARY the relationship
between the
National & Local
15.
16.
17.
18. F ORMS OF GOVERNMENT
C. According to the status of
those who hold the rein of
1. CIVIL Government
2. MILITARY
19. F ORMS OF
GOVERNMENT
D. According to the
Relationship
between the
Executive &
Legislature
1. PARLIAMENTARY
2. PRESIDENTIAL
20.
21.
22. F ORMS OF GOVERNMENT
E. OTHER FORMS
1. DESPOTIC
2. TOTALITARIAN
3. REPUBLICAN
4. CONSTITUTIONAL
5. DE JURE
6. DE FACTO
7. REVOLUTIONARY
23. LAW-MAKING,
EXECUTE, IMPLEMENT,
FORMULATION OF
ENFORCE
POLICIES INTERPRET LAWS,
JUSTICE
PRESIDENT, GOVERNOR, MEMBERS OF THE
MAYOR, PUNONG HOUSE OF
BARANGAY, SK REPRESENTATIVES, JUSTICES, JUDGES
CHAIRMAN SENATORS, BOARD
MEMBERS,
COUNCILORS
24.
25. PRINCIPLES GOVERNING THE OPERATIONS
OF GOVERNMENTAL POWERS
(3 BRANCHES)
1.SEPARATION OF POWERS
2. SYSTEM OF CHECK AND BALANCE
3.BLENDING OF POWERS
26.
27. POLICE POWER is the
power of promoting the
general welfare by
restraining and regulating
the use of liberty and
property. Basis is the latin
maxim salus populi est
suprema lex (the general
welfare is the supreme law)
28. EMINENT
DOMAIN
enables the
State to
acquire
private
property upon
payment of
just
compensation
for some
intended
public use.
29. TAXATION it means the
State is able to
demand from the
members of society
their proportionate
share or contribution
in the maintenance
of the government.
35. SIMILARITIES OF THE 3
FUNDAMENTAL POWERS
NOT ONLY NECESSARY BUT INDISPENSABLE
METHODS TO INTERFERE PRIVATE RIGHTS
PRESUPPOSES AN EQUIVALENT
COMPENSATION
EXERCISED BY LEGISLATURE
36. National Government
Highly Urbanized,
Province Chartered, Independent
City
Component City
Municipality
Barangay Barangay
37. National Government
REGION
Congressional District Congressional District
Province Highly Urbanized,
Chartered, Independent
City
Component City
Municipality
Barangay Barangay
38. 1 President of the Republic of the Philippines
229 Congressional/Legislative Districts
17 Regions
81 Provinces
33 Highly Urbanized Cities
5 Independent Component Cities
84 Component Cities
1,494 Municipalities
42,000 Barangays
39. IMPACT OF LOCAL
DECENTRALIZATION ON THE
ECONOMIC GROWTH OF NORTHERN
MINDANAO
40. Comparative Philippine and China Central and Local
Government Share in Revenue and Expenditure
The Philippines China
(2007; in Million Pesos) (2004 ; 100M Yuan)
Central* Local** Central Local
Revenue 1,096,875 234,760 14,503 11,893
% to Total 82.37% 17.63% 54.90% 45.10%
Expenditure 1,029,377 194,736 7,894 20,592
% to Total 84.09% 15.91% 27.70% 72.30%
Net of IRA of P146,591.95 million
**Inclusive of IRA of P146,591.95 million
Sources: Philippine Commission on Audit 2007 Financial Reports; National Bureau of Statistics of China
41. Philippine Central and Local Government
Revenue Breakdown (in percent)
Central Local
Total Revenue 82.37% 17.63%
Tax Revenue* 93.08% 6.92%
General Income
Permits and
Licenses 77.03% 22.97%
Service Income 94.24% 5.76%
Business Income 68.65% 31.35%
Other Income 94.65% 5.35%
Gain on Forex 100.00% 0.00%
*Central-Net of IRA
Source: Philippine Commission on Audit 2007 Financial Reports
42. General Functions of Local Governments
The Philippines
Run the Health and Social Welfare Systems
Provide Agricultural and Fishery Support
Solid Waste Management
Local Business Development
Small Infrastructure Construction and
Development
Tourism Development
Social Forestry / Mining
Sources: Country Report-United Nations Economic and Social Commission
for Asia and the Pacific; Philippine Local Government Code
43. Local Government Revenue Sources
The Philippines
Local Taxes such as:
Business Tax
Real Property Tax
Transfer Tax
Franchise Tax
Printing and Publication Tax
Amusement Tax
Community Tax
Share in National Taxes
Internal revenue Allotment (IRA) representing 40% of internal revenue
collections based on the third preceding year (Regional distribution is as follows:
Provinces 23%; Cities 23%; Municipalities 34%; and Barangays 20%
Non-Tax Revenue
Share in national wealth exploitation in their area
Share in the earnings of government agencies or government-owned or
controlled corporations engaged in the utilization and development of national
wealth in their area based on the following: 1% of the gross sales or receipts of
the preceding calendar year or 40% of mining taxes, royalties, forestry or fishery
charges and such other taxes, fees or charges including related surcharges,
interests, or fines, whichever is higher Country Reports China and the Philippines-United Nations
Sources:
Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific
44. United States : Sources of State Revenue
Source Percentage (US
Average)
General Sales Tax 23.5%
Selective Sales Tax 10.9%
Property Taxes 30.1%
License and Other 8.2%
Fees
Corporate Income 4.7%
TaxesTax Foundation Report : stateline.org
Source:
Individual Income 22.6%
Taxes
45. LGU Income Generation
• Region X - Northern Mindanao Php Millions
• Total Province Cities Towns
• 9,236 2,462 3,691 3,082 2006
• 11,072 2,913 4,570 3,588 2007
• 20% Growth Mostly due to IRA
• IRA Dependency in 2006 = 82.6%
• IRA Dependency in 2007 = 90.9%
46. Philippine LGU Total Income vs Central Govt. Expenditure per Region
Local Government Total* Central Central
P000 Income Government Government
Expenditure Expenditure
% to LG Total
Income
Grand Total 234,642,572.58 762,534,007.59 324.98%
National Capital Region 46,778,401.48 560,070,716.35 1197.28%
Region 1 11,410,059.53 14,371,248.27 125.95%
CAR 6,223,710.33 7,499,513.73 120.50%
Region 2 9,160,569.36 10,132,758.94 110.61%
Region 3 20,888,920.59 21,590,013.29 103.36%
Region 4 35,866,590.31 27,646,932.60 77.08%
Region 5 10,993,973.34 15,101,341.54 137.36%
Region 6 16,679,840.96 18,419,954.59 110.43%
Region 7 15,555,455.12 14,027,680.75 90.18%
Region 8 8,687,321.73 98,317,599.17 1131.74%
Region 9 7,781,531.08 9,821,773.23 126.22%
Region 10 11,300,406.23 11,512,490.21 101.88%
Region 11 10,170,596.06 10,980,183.03 107.96%
Region 12 8,285,249.49 8,623,777.18 104.09%
Region 13 7,545,245.07 7,146,537.05 94.72%
ARMM 7,354,701.68of IRA
*Inclusive 8,753,883.18 119.02%
Source: Figures are from the Philippine Commission on Audit 2007
Financial Reports
47. If A Federal State…
• And with a Tax Effort of Efficiency of just 15%..
• Total Region 10 Government Revenues would
amount to P58 Billion…
• 200% higher than what it is today
48.
49. GROSS NORTHERN MINDANAO
DOMESTIC PRODUCT
• Current Prices, in Millions of Pesos
• 2000 2003 2006 2010
•
• 124,524 197,101 277,269 389,624
50. Top Manufacturing Outfits in Northern
Mindanao
• Asia Brewery,
• CATIMCO,
• Coca-Cola,
• Del Monte Phils.,
• LKKS Manufacturing,
• Nestle Phils.,
• Phil Agro,
• PICMW, Pilipinas
• Kao,
• RI Chemicals,
• Mindanao Silicon,
• STEAG State Power Inc
• Elegant Chemical Alloy
51. AVERAGE FAMILY INCOME IN
NORTHERN MINDANAO
• IN YEAR 2000 CONSTANT PRICES
• 2006 2009
• 102,000 98,000
• Poverty rate of Population in 2006: 43%
52. PHILIPPINES
• INCOME BRACKET 2001 (%) 2010 (%)
• Class AB 2 2
• Class C 18 12
• Class D 56 64
• Class E 24 23
• Despite the best years of GDP growth!
58. GDP = NATIONAL INCOME in the
Philippines
Pinatubo
Pinatulo • Environment, households,
Man-made assets =
• Land, labor , capital = community income
enterprise
• Community++ = towns /
• Enterprise ++ = cities
industry
• Towns/ / Cities = Regions
• Industry++ = sector
& Provinces
• Sector++ = National
Economy • Regions ++ = National
Economy
61. A STATE EXISTS SO THAT A NATION’S CHILDREN
MAY GROW UP WITH DIGNITY
Subsidiarity starts with the Individual
62. Trickle Down System
• Or PINATULO has been around with us since the
colonial period…
• Independence merely Filipinized it but it is still Trickle
Down or the Superiority Model…
• Only substantial change is the shift towards Pinatubo
or Subsidiarity
• It is the SYSTEM that is incompetent, not the Filipino
Editor's Notes
Based on analyzed data the budget for example of Dept. of Agri as a percent to the total budget is the same prior to and after devolution of agri services