This precise document deals with STANDARD TREATMENT GUIDELINES, their definition, introduction & relevant details associated with the same.
Relevant to subject HOSPITAL PHARMACY.
Applications of computers in Hospital Pharmacy- By RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This work deals with the precise applications of Computers in Hospital Pharmacy. Basically deals with Biostatistics & Research Methodology subject.
Hope it is worthwhile to the readers.
Happy reading!
- @ RxVichuZ!
Pharmaceutical care concepts - clinical pharmacy ShaistaSumayya
The pharmaceutical care is defined as “the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.”
Pharmaceutical care involves the process through which a pharmacist cooperates with a patient and other professional in designing , implementation, and monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic outcomes for the patient
Use of computers in hospital pharmacy, biostatistics and research methodology...shaistasumayya2
Computers in pharmacy are used for the information of drug data, records and files, drug management (creating, modifying, adding and deleting data in patient files to generate reports), business details.
Patient counseling is a process wherein pharmacist implements face-to-face interaction with the patient to provide information, orally or in written form, on directions of use & advice on side effects to help them to use their medications appropriately
Applications of computers in Hospital Pharmacy- By RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This work deals with the precise applications of Computers in Hospital Pharmacy. Basically deals with Biostatistics & Research Methodology subject.
Hope it is worthwhile to the readers.
Happy reading!
- @ RxVichuZ!
Pharmaceutical care concepts - clinical pharmacy ShaistaSumayya
The pharmaceutical care is defined as “the direct, responsible provision of medication-related care for the purpose of achieving definite outcomes that improve a patient’s quality of life.”
Pharmaceutical care involves the process through which a pharmacist cooperates with a patient and other professional in designing , implementation, and monitoring a therapeutic plan that will produce specific therapeutic outcomes for the patient
Use of computers in hospital pharmacy, biostatistics and research methodology...shaistasumayya2
Computers in pharmacy are used for the information of drug data, records and files, drug management (creating, modifying, adding and deleting data in patient files to generate reports), business details.
Patient counseling is a process wherein pharmacist implements face-to-face interaction with the patient to provide information, orally or in written form, on directions of use & advice on side effects to help them to use their medications appropriately
Pharmacovigilance AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS.
MONITORING REPORTING ROLE OF PHARMACIST.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADR. MECHANISM OF ADR
ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN MANAGING ADR. AUGMENTED, BIZZARE, CONTINOUS, DELAYED, END OF TREATMENT, ABCD, ABCDE.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
Drug information retrieval & storage: By RxvichuZ!RxVichuZ
This work deals with Drug Information Retrieval & Storage(DIRS): Related to Biostatistics & Research Methodology Subject. Just provides a brief insight into the topic.
Regards,
@ RxVichuZ! :)
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
An Essential Drug List, also known as a core drug list or medication list, is a carefully selected inventory of medications that are deemed essential for addressing the most prevalent health conditions within a specific population or country. It serves as a key component of national drug policies and pharmaceutical programs, ensuring the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines. The list is typically developed based on rigorous criteria, taking into consideration the medications' safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for primary healthcare settings.
Rational Drug Therapy refers to the systematic and evidence-based approach to prescribing medications, aiming to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. It involves following established therapeutic guidelines and clinical protocols to ensure that medications are prescribed in a manner that is appropriate for the patient's condition, taking into account factors such as age, weight, co-existing conditions, drug interactions, and individual response. Rational drug therapy promotes the use of medications based on sound scientific evidence, emphasizing the principles of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness to optimize patient outcomes and improve overall healthcare quality.
Chapter 7_Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy.pptxVinayGaikwad14
Introduction,
Scope and importance of various health screening services - for routine monitoring of patients,
Early detection,
And referral of undiagnosed cases
Radio pharmacuticals are the compounds and substances that emits radiation and which are used in the pharmacy are called as radiopharmaceuticals.
The process of emitting radiation by the radioactive isotopes is called as RADIOACTIVITY.
Egs:uranium-238 isotope
cobalit-60
gallium etc.
The number of chemicals, poisonous household products and medicines on the Indian market it is increasing day by day which can frequently increases the risk of misuse of these products and leads to Greater incidence of intentional and unintentional poisoning.
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicinesPravin Prasad
Many medical students are unheard of the Essential Medicine List. This has been mentioned in very small sections in various textbooks that are in use in Nepal. The discussion on this topic is a must among medical and nursing students, as well as anyone related to field of Medicine
Standard treatment guideline bring everyone involved in medicines onto the same page. They are used by policy makers in the health ministries to set standards and regulate practices.
ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST IN MALARIAL CONTROL PROGRAMMALINIR14
Malaria is a serious or fatal disease caused by plasmodium parasite transmitted by the bite of infective female mosquitoes.
The term MALARIA is derived two italian words i.e mal means bad aria means air.
MALARIA is most important parasitic disease of the world.
Malaria in humans is caused by four Plasmodium species:
Plasmodium falciparum,
Plasmodium vivax,
Plasmodium malariae, and
Plasmodium ovale.
blood smear and Rapid Diagnostic Tests. India became independent, several measures have been taken under National Government to improve the health of people.Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, Cand improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government.
This presentation deals with pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease.
Important headings, including normal physiology, etiological factors and clinical manifestations have been elucidated.
This powerpoint, deals with HIV pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and diagnostic parameters.
Purely based on clinical pharmacist perspective.
Pharmacovigilance AND ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS.
MONITORING REPORTING ROLE OF PHARMACIST.
CLASSIFICATION OF ADR. MECHANISM OF ADR
ROLE OF PHARMACIST IN MANAGING ADR. AUGMENTED, BIZZARE, CONTINOUS, DELAYED, END OF TREATMENT, ABCD, ABCDE.
Barriers of patient counseling in a community pharmacy and Strategies to over...MerrinJoseph1
Second Pharm -D , Patient Counseling Barriers and Strategies to overcome the barriers-pharmacist specific barriers,patient specific barrires and system based barriers and how to overcome the barriers for effective patient counseling in a community pharmacy.
Drug information retrieval & storage: By RxvichuZ!RxVichuZ
This work deals with Drug Information Retrieval & Storage(DIRS): Related to Biostatistics & Research Methodology Subject. Just provides a brief insight into the topic.
Regards,
@ RxVichuZ! :)
Drug Information Services, Drug information Sources, Illegal DIC, Drug Information Bulletin, Classification of scientific literature, services offered bu drug information services
An Essential Drug List, also known as a core drug list or medication list, is a carefully selected inventory of medications that are deemed essential for addressing the most prevalent health conditions within a specific population or country. It serves as a key component of national drug policies and pharmaceutical programs, ensuring the availability, accessibility, and affordability of essential medicines. The list is typically developed based on rigorous criteria, taking into consideration the medications' safety, efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and suitability for primary healthcare settings.
Rational Drug Therapy refers to the systematic and evidence-based approach to prescribing medications, aiming to maximize therapeutic benefits while minimizing the risk of adverse effects. It involves following established therapeutic guidelines and clinical protocols to ensure that medications are prescribed in a manner that is appropriate for the patient's condition, taking into account factors such as age, weight, co-existing conditions, drug interactions, and individual response. Rational drug therapy promotes the use of medications based on sound scientific evidence, emphasizing the principles of efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness to optimize patient outcomes and improve overall healthcare quality.
Chapter 7_Health Screening Services in Community Pharmacy.pptxVinayGaikwad14
Introduction,
Scope and importance of various health screening services - for routine monitoring of patients,
Early detection,
And referral of undiagnosed cases
Radio pharmacuticals are the compounds and substances that emits radiation and which are used in the pharmacy are called as radiopharmaceuticals.
The process of emitting radiation by the radioactive isotopes is called as RADIOACTIVITY.
Egs:uranium-238 isotope
cobalit-60
gallium etc.
The number of chemicals, poisonous household products and medicines on the Indian market it is increasing day by day which can frequently increases the risk of misuse of these products and leads to Greater incidence of intentional and unintentional poisoning.
Essential drug concept and rational use of medicinesPravin Prasad
Many medical students are unheard of the Essential Medicine List. This has been mentioned in very small sections in various textbooks that are in use in Nepal. The discussion on this topic is a must among medical and nursing students, as well as anyone related to field of Medicine
Standard treatment guideline bring everyone involved in medicines onto the same page. They are used by policy makers in the health ministries to set standards and regulate practices.
ROLE OF COMMUNITY PHARMACIST IN MALARIAL CONTROL PROGRAMMALINIR14
Malaria is a serious or fatal disease caused by plasmodium parasite transmitted by the bite of infective female mosquitoes.
The term MALARIA is derived two italian words i.e mal means bad aria means air.
MALARIA is most important parasitic disease of the world.
Malaria in humans is caused by four Plasmodium species:
Plasmodium falciparum,
Plasmodium vivax,
Plasmodium malariae, and
Plasmodium ovale.
blood smear and Rapid Diagnostic Tests. India became independent, several measures have been taken under National Government to improve the health of people.Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, Cand improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government of control and eradication of communicable disease, improvement of environmental sanitation, raising the standard of nutrition, control of population and improving rural health.
Program among these measures are the NATIONAL HEALTH PROGRAMS, which has been launched by central government.
This presentation deals with pathophysiology of Parkinson's Disease.
Important headings, including normal physiology, etiological factors and clinical manifestations have been elucidated.
This powerpoint, deals with HIV pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, mode of transmission and diagnostic parameters.
Purely based on clinical pharmacist perspective.
This presentation deals with buprenorphine drug profile, from a clinical pharmacist perspective.
Summarized version of drug, including chief ADRs, interactions, and patient and health-care professional counselling tips have been mentioned.
This PDF deals with important catchpoints regarding the use of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, their safety and efficacy stats, and important counselling tips.
This PDF deals with important guidelines, with respect to usage of antibiotics. This PDF outlines the important strategies involved while using antibiotics, and important factors involving antibiotic selection.
This word document deals with summarized drug profile of cotrimoxazole. Important pharmacological headings, along with important counselling tips and drug catchpoints have also been elucidated.
This is my first word document, converted into pdf format!
This document deals with AMOXICILLIN drug profile in brief.
It includes significant pharmacological headings, including an additional heading, stating important catchpoints with respect to amoxicillin!
Food drug interactions with penicillins: by RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This is my 107th powerpoint...it deals with significant drug-food interactions when taking specific penicillins.
This is my first powerpoint that deals with drug interactions.
Do support!
Snake bite poisoning and its treatment by RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
My 106th powerpoint...that deals with snake bite poisoning.
Different types of venomous snakes, their characteristics, envenomation features and treatment strategies have been explained in a summary.
Hope it is effective for the readers involved.
This powerpoint is a case presentation, that explains the case of ADCHF, with comorbidities, comprising HTN, CAD and DLP.
A summary on the recent advancements in HF management, along with justification of therapy provided, has been elucidated.
A note on home remedies and counselling tips has also been provided.
Directly acting antivirals and Visceral Leishmaniasis: A case reportRxVichuZ
This presentation deals with visceral leishmaniasis induced by directly acting antivirals in a patient with Hepatitis C infection.
Case details in summary, along with case report publication details have been summarized.
References have been provided below each slide.
...and this is my 100th powerpoint.....!!
Sincerely thanking everyone who have supported me in my journey till now :) :)
This powerpoint deals with drug mnemonics, easy to remember mnemonics, that can be helpful for easy memory of some aspects of Pharmacology!!
Happy reading!!
Acute coronary syndrome management by RxVichuZ! ;)RxVichuZ
This is my 99th powerpoint...
Deals with ACS(Acute coronary syndrome), its clinical features, and management strategies, based on standard guidelines and literatures.
RNTCP guidelines for tuberculosis management: Extended versionRxVichuZ
This presentation is an extension of the already made presentation before, that deals with RNTCP guidelines for some special aspects encountered during tuberculosis management, other than management of individual diagnoses alone.
Have a look!
Journal club presentation: by RxVichuZ!! ;)RxVichuZ
My 97th powerpoint... deals with the comparative study of efficacy of piperacillin-tazobactam, as compared to meropenem in the treatment of ESBL(Extended spectrum beta-lactamases) infections.
A summarized insight has been provided, using research article from JAMA.
PPI-INDUCED BICYTOPENIA: MATTER OF CONCERN by RxVichuZ! ;)RxVichuZ
This presentation deals with bicytopenia induced by proton pump inhibitors, that were reported and published as a Case Report by researchers from China.
References have been provided as a separate textbox under each slide, for extensive referencing into the same.
Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitors(DPP-IV): A deep insightRxVichuZ
This presentation deals with DPP-IV inhibitors, that are implicated for use in diabetes mellitus. Generalized pharmacology, including a precise insight into individual drugs have been elucidated.
Principles of cancer chemotherapy: a deep insight by RxVichuZ!RxVichuZ
This powerpoint deals with principles of cancer chemotherapy, that includes headings regarding cancer definition, its etiology, diagnostic measures and general considerations to be observed while initiating anti-cancer regimens in patients.
Sulfonylureas for Diabetes: A deep insightRxVichuZ
This powerpoint presentation solely deals with Sulfonylureas, that come under Insulin secretagogues. Their complete pharmacological profile, with pharmacovigilance parameters, important catchpoints and mnemonics have been explained.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com