This document summarizes the major stages in the development of human culture from the Old Stone Age to the emergence of early civilizations. It describes 3 stages of the Stone Age (Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic), the transition to the Bronze and Iron Ages, and the rise of some of the earliest civilizations along major river valleys in Egypt, India, and China. Key developments included the domestication of plants and animals, the growth of permanent settlements, and advances in technology like copper, bronze and iron tools that enabled more complex societies to form.

1. STAGES OF
M AN'
S
CULT URE

2. Ar ch eol ogi st s d i v i d ed
t h e Stone Age
1.Old Stone Age or Paleolithic
(2million BCE-8000BCE)
2.Middle Stone Age or Mesolithic
Age(11,000-6,000BC)
3.New Stone Age or Neolithic Age
(6,800-3,2000BC)

3. Old Stone Age or
P a l e o l i t h i c Age
The term was coined by John
Lubbock in 1865
Greek
"old"
word palaios
and lithos
which
which
means
means
"stone"
inhabited the continents
People at this age who
of
Europe, Asia, and Africa

6. lived by hunting and
They
fishing
Skill with fire and stone tools
They have vague religious ideas
such as offering sacrifices,
food, and ornaments to the dead

7. Experts think this
when people began to
came
hunt
about
large
animals
They needed to be able to give
out clear instructions
They also learned how to make
fire
Early people used fire to keep
them warm

8. M i d d l e Stone Age or
Mesolithic p e r i o d
gradual
animals and
Involves the
domestication of
the
plants and
formation of
settled communities
Dogs became valuable for
hunting and guarding property,
they were probably the first
animal to be domesticated

10. Early people developed a
language, before they learned to
early people simply made
talk,
sounds
Hand signals were also
meaningful
Gradually people developed
languages

11. New St on e Age or
Neolithic Perio d
The term neolithic was derived
greek word neolithikos
neos means new
from
where
means stone invented
and litos
by John
Lubbock in 1865
Two important discoveries
changed people from being good
gatherers to food producers

12. First was learning to grow food
Second learning to herd animals
They
animals
also learned to
in dragging
use
their
primitive plow in transporting
their belongings

15. lovers of Valdaro" Believed to be
"The
from the Neolithic period. Excavated in
a single
block, so as not to separate them from
each other. Named for the little
village near Mantua, in Northern Italy.

16. Another step in man's
building of
advancement was the
permanent homes
Earliest known villages
world were found
in the
East
one of these is
in Middle
in Jericho in
Israel
Another village was in Catal
Huyuk in present-day Turkey

17. The Age of Metals
Egyptians first to used copper
as early as 5, 000 BCE
At about 2000 BCE, man
discovered that mixture of
copper and tin produced harder
metal bronze
With this discovery, man
created stronger and better
tools, weapons, and utensils

18. COP P ER

19. BRONZE

20. I RON

21. Iron age started about 1,000
BCE it is
compare to copper
more stronger and
or
durable
bronze
As a result of this discovery ,
civilization leaped and bounced.
Transportation methods were
improved when iron made the
building of sturdier and faster
vehicles possible

22. Civilization rose in the
valleys of the Nile River in
Egypt
The Indus River in India
Yellow or Huang Ho River in
China

23. Nile River i n Egypt

24. I n d u s River i n I n d i a

25. Y el l ow or Hu a n g Ho
River i n C h i n a

26. Em er gen ce of
C i v i l i z a t i o n
Five characteristics of
civilization
1. Advanced cities
2. Specialized workers
3. Complex institutions
4. Record keeping
5. Advanced technology

27. A d v a n c e d Cities
Advanced cities were
birthplaces of civilizations.The
"civilization" came
word civitas which
from
means
word
latin
"city"
A city is more than a large of
people living togeher, it is the
center of trade for large area.

28. Sp e c i al iz ed Workers
Such as traders, government
officials, and priests
Specialization is
enhancement of skills
the
for a
specific kind of work
became complex, people
Social organization in cities
ranked
according to their jobs.

29. C o m p l e x Institutions
The growing populations of
early cities made a system of
government necessary
In civilization leaders emerged
to maintain order among people
and to establish laws

30. The priests usually occupy the
top level in the society
Below them are the few
merchants
Followed by the artisans
Those below are the majority of
the people
Slaves are on te lowest level.

31. Recor d Keep i n g
government officials had
document tax collections,
Was equally important as
to
the
passage of laws, and the storage
of grains and other products