The document discusses the vulnerabilities and risks associated with smart grids, particularly highlighting incidents of cyber attacks that compromise critical infrastructure. It argues that reliance on distributed renewable energy sources does not address underlying issues and suggests a return to traditional energy sources like hydro, coal, and nuclear power. Additionally, it outlines techniques for exploiting security weaknesses in smart grid technologies, emphasizing the inadequacies of current SCADA systems.

1. Smart Grids
are for
Dumb People

2. Over 40% of 2012 incidents were
energy related as documented by
DHS. The risks of a smart grid are
undoubtedly higher than traditional

3. 2015 cyber attack on Ukranian
infrastructure leaves a quarter million

4. International Bankers are pushing countries such as Ukraine to commit to investing in
increased vulnerability of critical infrastructure that can endanger millions of lives!

5. DISTRIBUTED RENEWABLES
DON’T FIX THE PROBLEM
Resources such as wind and solar are highly variable in output and
require compensation by FACTS and natural gas turbine backup.

6. FLEXIBLE AC
TRANSMISSION
SYSTEMS
Compensation opens up
the grid to instabilities!
• Actuated Systems
• Switched Impedance
• Synchronous Condenser or
STATCOM
• Stabilization
• Power Flow Control
• Phase Shift Transformer
• Tap Changing Transformer
• Dispatchable Generators

8. Wind causes severe
frequency fluctuations both
above and below 60 Hz as
higher variability causes
inadvertent energy
exchange.

9. We are observing the
gradual destabilization
of the critical
infrastructure that
allows developed
nations to have high
standards of living.
We must return our
grids to hydro, coal,
and nuclear power.

10. 3 Kinds of Attacks
- Spoofing sensor data
- Denial of service
- Control
Reconfiguration

11. Suppliers of PMUs
Schweitzer Engineering Labs
Relab Software - Arbiter Systems -
GE Multilin - ABB - Siemens

12. Identifying Phase
Measurement Units
Current
Transformer
(3 phase)
Potential
Transformer
(2 Phase)

13. US Deployment of PMUs (publically available information)

14. It is so easy to spoof the
unauthenticated input of GPS
systems, that it is used to hack
PokeMon Go.

15. 1.Identify local or
regional PMUs
2.Determine required
GPS spoofer power & deployment
3.Synchronize spoofer network to GPS satellite
4.Begin broadcasting without tripping PLL
5.Shift phase synchronization clocks as required
(1 degree per 46.1 us timeshift)

16. Frequency-Domain
Analysis of
Electromechanical
Disturbances in
Electric Power
Systems
S. Mohapatra, H.
Zhu, T.J. Overbye
Causing phase angle
disturbances of ~25
degrees regionally
would trigger significant
contingent actions by
smart grid systems.

19. What about the other attacks??
- In general, the vast majority of SCADA based grid control
systems were not designed with security in mind.
- Access points are ubiquitous. Once you are in the master-
slave network you can map and attack!

21. PROTOCOL PORT
MODBUS 502
DNP 19999
DNP3 (IEEE815-2012)20000
FIELDBUS 1089-91
ETHERNET/IP 2222
ETHERCAT 34980
PROFINET 34962-64
GOOSE 102