This document discusses the smart grid and how it works. It begins by defining the smart grid as an electric grid that uses communication technology to gather data and act automatically based on supplier and consumer behavior. It then explains that two-way communication between utilities and customers, along with transmission line sensing, enables a smart grid. The document outlines attributes of a smart grid like being information-based, communicating, secure, self-healing, and more. It compares traditional and smart grids and lists applications like demand response, electric transportation, and wide-area situational awareness. Benefits discussed are more efficient transmission, quicker outage restoration, reduced costs, and improved security.

1. • Yastee A. Shah
By:
• 16IT148
ID NO.:
• Data Communication (IT243)
Subject:

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4. Introduction
• The Grid is electric grid that uses information and
communication technology to gather data and act
on information about the behavior of suppliers
and consumers in an automated fashion.
• So, allows consumers to interact with the grid.
• Principle: Unidirectional power flow from main
power plant to consumer, through transmission
and distribution networks.
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* NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability
Standards, Release 1.0.

5. What Makes a Grid “Smart?”
• The digital technology that allows for two-way
communication between the utility and its
customers, and the sensing along the
transmission lines is what makes the grid smart.
• Like the Internet, the Smart Grid will consist of
controls, computers, automation, and new
technologies and equipment working together.
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*https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html

6. • Attributes:
1. Information-based
2. Communicating
3. Secure
4. Self-healing
5. Reliable
6. Flexible
7. Cost-effective
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7. Basic Power Grid
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8. How it Works At Operating
Centre?
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*https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/smart_grid.html
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9. Comparison
Existing Grid
• Electromechanical
• Few sensors
• Manual monitoring
and restoration
• Failures and
blackouts
• Limited control
• Few customer choices
• Centralized generation
Smart Grid
• Digital
• Sensors throughout
• Self-monitoring and self-
healing
• Adaptive and islanding
• Pervasive
control(spreading)
• Many customer choices
• Distributed generation
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Contents
*Nick (FCC Energy and Environment Director); speech at,
Washington D.C., July 20, 2010.

10. Applications
• Cyber security
• Demand response and consumer energy
efficiency: Provide mechanisms to cut energy use
during times of peak demand(energy storage).
• Distribution grid management
• Advanced metering infrastructure (AMI): 2 way
communications between meters and business
systems.
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11. •Electric transportation: Enable large-scale integration
of plug-in electric vehicles.
•Network communications: Identify performance
metrics and core operational requirements of various
Smart Grid applications.
•Wide-area situational awareness: Monitoring and
display of power-system components over large
geographic areas in near real time to optimize
management of grid components and performance and
respond to problems before disruptions arise.
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*National Energy Technology Laboratory, US Department
of Energy.

12. The grid control systems can dynamically adjust
the source of power supply according to the
whether.
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13. Health Monitor: Phasor measurement
unit (PMU)
 Measure the
electrical waves
and determine the
health of system.
 Increase reliability
by detecting faults
early, and
prevention of
power outages.
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14. Benefits
• More efficient transmission of electricity.
• Quicker restoration of electricity after power
disturbances.
• Reduced operations and management costs for
utilities, and ultimately lower power costs for
consumers.
• Reduced peak demand, which will also help
lower electricity rates.
• Improved security.
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Contents

15. Wireless Sensor Network
• The challenges of wireless sensor network in
smart grid are,
1. Harsh environmental conditions.
2. Reliability and latency requirements.
3. Packet errors and variable link capacity.
4. Resource constraints.
• The interference, affects the quality of wireless
sensor network.
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Contents

16. Conclusion
• Smart Grid provides intelligent, advanced
power control for the next century.
• Many new technologies involve for
supporting sensing, controlling, human
interfaces.
• Charging electricity cost is fundamental
infrastructure can be implemented similar
to stock market in smart grid.
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17. Goal
Upgrade the grid in Smart way !
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Contents

18. Videos for reference
• Working at OC:
https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/operation_ce
nters.html
• Application:
https://www.smartgrid.gov/the_smart_grid/distribution_i
ntelligence.html
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