1) Glucose undergoes glycolysis to produce pyruvate, generating 2 ATP and 2 NADH. Pyruvate then enters the mitochondria. 2) In the mitochondria, pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA which feeds into the Krebs cycle, producing NADH, FADH2, and GTP. 3) NADH and FADH2 donate electrons to the electron transport chain, pumping protons across the membrane and generating large amounts of ATP through ATP synthase as the protons flow back into the matrix.

2. + F F+
O2
F F F F
F F F F F F
F F F F F
F F F
F F ??

3. ( F)
F F F F
F F
F F F F
F F
F F F
F F F F
F
** F
F F F F
F F ***
Glucose

4. 7.3 kcal/mol
ATP = adenosinetriphosphate

5. NADH (NICOTINAMINE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE)
F
NAD+ + H+ + 2e- NADH
F
F NADH F F ATP
B5 (niacin) F

6. ( F)
F F FF F F
F F F F ATP
F F F ATP F F F F F
F F ATP F
F F
F F F F F F
F ????

7. F

8. F
F F
(high energy) O2 (low energy)
C H O (N S)
F F , , F , F F

9. Cytosol
F
+
Mitochondria

10. F
Fructose Glucose Galactose

11. MITOCHONDIA

12. Glucose
GLYCOLYSIS
F 2 ATP
2 PGAL
F 4 ATP
2 NADH
2 Pyruvate

13. GLYCOLYSIS
2ATP 2ADP + 2Pi 4ADP + 2Pi 4ATP
Glucose 2 PGAL 2 pyruvic acid
(6C) (3C) (3C)
2NAD+ 2NADH
F 6 F 3
2 Pyruvic acid + 2 ATP + 2 NADH

14. ACETYL COA
2 CoA 2 CO2
2 pyruvic acid 2 Acetyl CoA
(3C) (2C)
2NAD+ 2NADH
F 3 F CO2 F
F 2 acetyl CoA F
2 Acetyl CoA + 2 NADH + 2 CO2

15. KREB'S CYCLE NADH
CoA
Oxaloacetic(4C)
NADH
NADH
Ketoglutaric(5C)
Acetyl CoA 1 Malonic (4C)
F 3 NADH
1 FADH2 Succinic (4C)
1 ATP FADH2
ATP NADH

16. KREB’S CYCLE
1 F Acetyl CoA 2
F F2 F
6 NADH
2 FADH2
2 ATP
4 CO2

17. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
F NADH FADH2
F F
F F F
F H+ F F
H2 O
ATP ATP synthase
NADH FADH2 Cyt.B Cyt.C Cyt.A O2
ATP ATP ATP

18. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
NADH FADH2 F
2NADH F 6ATP
2NADH F 6ATP
34ATP
F 6NADH F 18ATP
2FADH2 F 4ATP
ATP F
2ATP
F 2ATP 38ATP
F 34ATP

19. ( )
2ATP
2NADH 6ATP
2NADH 6ATP
Acetyl CoA
2ATP
F 2FADH2 4ATP
6NADH 18ATP
36ATP