Glycolysis & krebs cycle poster
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This document provides an overview of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, including their compartmentation within cells. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to pyruvate, occurring in the cytoplasm. The TCA cycle then occurs in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is oxidized and carbon dioxide is released, generating reduced cofactors like NADH and FADH2 that are used to generate ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Compartmentation separates these metabolic pathways between the cytoplasm and mitochondria, with transport mechanisms moving intermediates between compartments.
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The document provides a detailed review and overview of carbohydrates, including their classification, structures, functions, examples of specific carbohydrates like monosaccharides and disaccharides, glycogen, starch, cellulose, acidic polysaccharides, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and notes on key aspects.
34 ch09respiration22008
Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down to produce a small amount of ATP. It occurs in the cytosol of cells and was one of the earliest metabolic pathways to evolve. During glycolysis, glucose is converted into two pyruvate molecules via a series of 10 enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This stage generates a small energy return with a net production of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules but consumes two ATP initially. Glycolysis alone is not sufficient to fully extract energy from glucose, so cells have developed additional stages of aerobic respiration using oxygen or fermentation without oxygen to further break down pyruvate and generate more ATP.
BCM311 - Carbohydrate Metabolism
1. Cellular respiration comprises of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
2. Pyruvate then enters the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria, where it is oxidized and decarboxylated, producing more ATP and electron carriers.
3. The electron carriers establish an electrochemical gradient through the electron transport chain that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, producing the majority of ATP from glucose breakdown.
Ch03
1. Cellular respiration comprises of glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP.
2. Pyruvate then enters the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria, where it is oxidized and decarboxylated, producing more ATP and electron carriers.
3. The electron carriers establish an electrochemical gradient through the electron transport chain that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation, producing the majority of ATP from glucose breakdown.
integrated metabolism (Glycolysis, Kreb cycle)
This document summarizes glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway. It discusses the roles of glucose as a fuel and precursor, and how glucose is utilized and generated in animals and plants. Glycolysis converts glucose to pyruvate with generation of ATP. Under anaerobic conditions, fermentation allows regeneration of NAD+ from NADH. Gluconeogenesis reverses glycolysis to generate glucose from 3-C or 4-C precursors in animals and plants.
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Prefix Multiple Standard form
centi (cm) 1 cm = 0.01 m x 10-2
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Glycolysis & krebs cycle poster
- 1. GLYCOLYSIS & TCA CYCLE- COMPARTMENTATION Designed by Donald Nicholson c 2003 IUBMB Citrate Isocitrate Succinyl-CoA PYRUVATE Glucose-6-P Fructose-6-P Fructose-1,6-bis-P 3-P-Glyceraldehyde Glycerone-3-P 1,3-bis-P-Glycerate 3-P-Glycerate 2-P-Glycerate ATP ATP ADP ADP 2Pi NADH+2H 2NAD+ + 2ADP 2H2O 2ADP 2ATP (Di-OH-acetone- P) P-enolpyruvate PYRUVATE Oxaloacetate Malate GLUCOSE 2 ATP2 ACETYL-CoA 2HSCoA 2HSCoA 2NAD+ 2NADH+2H+ 2NADH+2H+ 2NADH+2H+ 2NADH+2H+ 2H2O 2CO2 2CO2 2CO2 2GTP 2GDP 2H2O 2NAD+ 2HSCoA 2NAD+ 2Pi HOCH2 ---C---C---C---C--CHO H H OH H OH OH H OH P-OCH2 P-OCH2 P-OCH2 P-OCH2 P-OCH2---C---C---C---C--CHO OH OH H OH H H OH H ---C---C---C---CO--CH2 OH OH OH H H H OH ---C---C---C---CO--CH2 OP OH OH H H H OH COCH2 OH CH(OH)CHO P-OCH2 PCH(OH)COO- CH2=C(O-P) COO _ P-OCH2CH(O- )COOP _ CH3COCOO _ P -OCH2CH(OH)COO _ CH2COO- C(OH)COO- CH2COO- CH(OH)COO- CHCOO- CH2COO- -OOCCOCH2CH2COO- -OOCCH2CH2CO.SCoA -OOCCH(OH)CH2COO- -OOCCOCH2COO- CH3CO.SCoA G L Y C O L Y S I S T C A C Y C L E PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE Fumarate Succinate -OOCCH2CH2COO- -OOCCH=CHCOO- 2-Oxoglutarate 2NAD+ 2UQH2 2UQ C6H12O6 +10NAD+ +2UQ +2ADP +2Pi +2GDP + 2Pi + 4H2O 6CO2 +10NADH+10H++2UQH2+2ATP+2GTP Anaerobic Oxidation of Glucose