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ENZYMES PROKAROTES EUKAYOTES
Initiator
Dna A --
Helicase Dna B MCM
Ligase-Loader Dna C --
SSB SSB Replication Protein A
Primer Dna G DNA Poly ᾀ/Primase
RNAse DNA Pol - I RNAse H/Fan 1(last nucleotide)
Gap filler DNA Pol - I DNA Poly ᾀ
Ligase DNA Ligase DNA Ligase
Methylator Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A
Topoisomerase DNA Gyrase/Top- I DNA Gyrase/Top- I,II
Terminator Tus(Ter)1234 --
DNAPolymerases
NAME Function NAME Function
DNA Pol –I 5/
-3/
3/
-5/ RNAse, Gap filling,
DNA repair
DNA Pol – ᾀ, No -
Priming &
Gap-filling
DNA Pol –II No 3/
-5/
Translesion DNA Pol – β
No - Base Excision repair
DNA Pol –III No 3/
-5/
Replication
{ɵ(E-coli)/Rolling-
circle(Bacteriopgase)}
DNA Pol – Ɣ
No
3/
-5/
Mitochondrial DNA
Replication
(Displacement/D Replication)
DNA Pol –VI - -
DNA repair &
Translesion DNA Pol –d
No
3/
-5/ Replication
DNA Pol –V - -
DNA repair &
Translesion
DNA Pol – ɛ
No
3/
-5/
--
Lagging strand is 1000-2000 bp Lagging strand is 100-200 bp
No Telomere
‘Telomerase’ is needed to end the Telomere
Replication
Multirepliconic Monorepliconic
OriC = 9mer + 13 mer(Starting site) Hemimethylation - Seq A(Starting site)
ENZYMES PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES
RNAPolymerases Sub
Units
Function Types Product
Transcription
Factor
Function
α
Assembly of core enzyme,
Recognition of promoter
(up element)
RNAPol-I
5.8s, 18s
& 28s
rRNA
UBF(Upstream
Binding factor)
Binds Upstream Control
Element
β Catalytic centre SLI(Selectivity Factor 1) Stabilizes UBF binding
β/ Catalytic centre
RNAPol-II mRNA
most of
the
sn RNA
LINE
miRNA
TFII A
Inhibits the binding of TFII D
inhibitor
w Assembly of RNA polymerase TFII B
Additional factor helps retain
TFIIA+TFIID
σ
Recognition of
promoter(Core promoter) &
initiation
TFII C Not known properly
TFII D
(TBP + TAF)
TBP(TATA
binding protein)
Recognize TATA box
TAF(TBP
associated factor)
Recognition of Core
promoter & Regulation of
TBP
TFII E Recruite TFII H
TFII F Recruit RNA pol II
TFII H
Helicase that create
“Open complex” &
Phosphorylation of the C-
terminal domain of largest
subunit of RNA pol II
TFII i Additional factor for
initiationTFII J
RNAPol-III
tRNA
5s rRNA
U6 snRNA
H1 RNA, MRP RNA
7S L scRNA,
7S K scRNA
SINEtranscripts
TFIII A Binds with C box
TFIII B Binds with A and B box
TBP BRF B//
TFIII C Give Direction to The
TFIIIB
Rho(P)
Works for termination in ‘Rho
dependent termination’
process
--
-35 box -10 box +1
Starting point
-180 -100 -45 +1 +20
Table 2 Eukaryotic rRNA gene(RNA Pol I)
GC box CAATbox BRE TATA +1 MTE DPE
Intr
Table 3 Eukaryotic mRNA gene(RNA Pol II)
+1 +50 +70 +80 +90
Table 3 Eukaryotic 5s rRNA gene(RNAPol III)
Box
A
Box B
+1 +10 +30 +50 +70
Table 3 Eukaryotic tRNA gene(RNA Pol III)
DSE PSE TATA
+60 +30 +1
Table 3 Eukaryotic U6 snRNA gene(RNA Pol III)
Table 1 Prokaryotic Gene
UCE Core
Element
GC CAAT BRE TATA MTE DPE
Box
A
Box C
PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES FUNCTION
Initiation
eIF3, eIF4c
eIF6, eIF4B
eIF4F
Bind to ribosome subunit
IF 1 , IF 3 Bind to mRNA
Initiator tRNA delivery
IF 2
eIF2B eIF2
eIF5
Displacement of other factor
Elongation
eEF1a Aminoacyl tRNA delivery
EF-Tu
EF-Ts eEFβƳ Recycling of EF-Tu/eEF1a
EF-g eEF2 Translocation
Termination
eRF Polypeptide Chain release
RF1, RF2,RF3
Ribosome Binding site(RBS) Scaning of 5/
methylated cap
ISER(Poliovirus)
Cap Snitching(Influenza)
Shine-Dalgarno sequence KOzak Sequence
AGGAGGU G/ACCAUGG

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Enzymes In Transcription, Translation and Replication

  • 1. ENZYMES PROKAROTES EUKAYOTES Initiator Dna A -- Helicase Dna B MCM Ligase-Loader Dna C -- SSB SSB Replication Protein A Primer Dna G DNA Poly ᾀ/Primase RNAse DNA Pol - I RNAse H/Fan 1(last nucleotide) Gap filler DNA Pol - I DNA Poly ᾀ Ligase DNA Ligase DNA Ligase Methylator Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A Dam Methyltransferase(GATC)/Seq A Topoisomerase DNA Gyrase/Top- I DNA Gyrase/Top- I,II Terminator Tus(Ter)1234 -- DNAPolymerases NAME Function NAME Function DNA Pol –I 5/ -3/ 3/ -5/ RNAse, Gap filling, DNA repair DNA Pol – ᾀ, No - Priming & Gap-filling DNA Pol –II No 3/ -5/ Translesion DNA Pol – β No - Base Excision repair DNA Pol –III No 3/ -5/ Replication {ɵ(E-coli)/Rolling- circle(Bacteriopgase)} DNA Pol – Ɣ No 3/ -5/ Mitochondrial DNA Replication (Displacement/D Replication) DNA Pol –VI - - DNA repair & Translesion DNA Pol –d No 3/ -5/ Replication DNA Pol –V - - DNA repair & Translesion DNA Pol – ɛ No 3/ -5/ -- Lagging strand is 1000-2000 bp Lagging strand is 100-200 bp No Telomere ‘Telomerase’ is needed to end the Telomere Replication Multirepliconic Monorepliconic OriC = 9mer + 13 mer(Starting site) Hemimethylation - Seq A(Starting site)
  • 2. ENZYMES PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES RNAPolymerases Sub Units Function Types Product Transcription Factor Function α Assembly of core enzyme, Recognition of promoter (up element) RNAPol-I 5.8s, 18s & 28s rRNA UBF(Upstream Binding factor) Binds Upstream Control Element β Catalytic centre SLI(Selectivity Factor 1) Stabilizes UBF binding β/ Catalytic centre RNAPol-II mRNA most of the sn RNA LINE miRNA TFII A Inhibits the binding of TFII D inhibitor w Assembly of RNA polymerase TFII B Additional factor helps retain TFIIA+TFIID σ Recognition of promoter(Core promoter) & initiation TFII C Not known properly TFII D (TBP + TAF) TBP(TATA binding protein) Recognize TATA box TAF(TBP associated factor) Recognition of Core promoter & Regulation of TBP TFII E Recruite TFII H TFII F Recruit RNA pol II TFII H Helicase that create “Open complex” & Phosphorylation of the C- terminal domain of largest subunit of RNA pol II TFII i Additional factor for initiationTFII J RNAPol-III tRNA 5s rRNA U6 snRNA H1 RNA, MRP RNA 7S L scRNA, 7S K scRNA SINEtranscripts TFIII A Binds with C box TFIII B Binds with A and B box TBP BRF B// TFIII C Give Direction to The TFIIIB Rho(P) Works for termination in ‘Rho dependent termination’ process --
  • 3. -35 box -10 box +1 Starting point -180 -100 -45 +1 +20 Table 2 Eukaryotic rRNA gene(RNA Pol I) GC box CAATbox BRE TATA +1 MTE DPE Intr Table 3 Eukaryotic mRNA gene(RNA Pol II) +1 +50 +70 +80 +90 Table 3 Eukaryotic 5s rRNA gene(RNAPol III) Box A Box B +1 +10 +30 +50 +70 Table 3 Eukaryotic tRNA gene(RNA Pol III) DSE PSE TATA +60 +30 +1 Table 3 Eukaryotic U6 snRNA gene(RNA Pol III) Table 1 Prokaryotic Gene UCE Core Element GC CAAT BRE TATA MTE DPE Box A Box C
  • 4. PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES FUNCTION Initiation eIF3, eIF4c eIF6, eIF4B eIF4F Bind to ribosome subunit IF 1 , IF 3 Bind to mRNA Initiator tRNA delivery IF 2 eIF2B eIF2 eIF5 Displacement of other factor Elongation eEF1a Aminoacyl tRNA delivery EF-Tu EF-Ts eEFβƳ Recycling of EF-Tu/eEF1a EF-g eEF2 Translocation Termination eRF Polypeptide Chain release RF1, RF2,RF3 Ribosome Binding site(RBS) Scaning of 5/ methylated cap ISER(Poliovirus) Cap Snitching(Influenza) Shine-Dalgarno sequence KOzak Sequence AGGAGGU G/ACCAUGG