دورة في السلامة الكيمياوية والامن البايولوجي في المختبرات

2. 09/02/2022 2
Laboratory safety
Prepared by Dr. Urjwan Alali
‫البايولوجي‬ ‫واالمن‬ ‫الكيمياوية‬ ‫السالمة‬
‫االولى‬ ‫المحاضرة‬

3. Laboratory safety
Measures to protect against laboratory accidents include safety training
and enforcement of laboratory safety policies, safety review of
experimental designs, the use of personal protective equipment, and the
use of the buddy system for particularly risky operations.
What is lab safety and why is it important?
1
-
‫المختبرات‬ ‫حوادث‬ ‫من‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫تدابير‬ ‫تشمل‬
2
-
‫المختبرية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫سياسات‬ ‫وتنفيذ‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫على‬ ‫التدريب‬
3
-
‫الشخصية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫واستخدام‬ ‫التجريبية‬ ‫التصاميم‬ ‫سالمة‬ ‫مراجعة‬
4
-
‫خاص‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫الخطرة‬ ‫للعمليات‬ ‫الجماعي‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫نظام‬ ‫استخدام‬
‫الجامعية‬ ‫المختبرات‬
...
‫الصناعات‬ ‫وقطاع‬ ‫المعامل‬
...
‫البحثية‬ ‫المراكز‬
...
‫التحاليل‬ ‫ومراكز‬ ‫المستشفيات‬

4. Basic Safety Rules
•Know locations of laboratory safety showers, eyewash stations, and fire extinguishers
and First Aid Kit
•Know emergency exit routes.
•Avoid skin and eye contact with all chemicals.
•Minimize all chemical exposures.
•No horseplay will be tolerated.
•Assume that all chemicals of unknown toxicity are highly toxic
Information for All Users
Faculty/Researchers/Staff/Students/Volunteers

5. (GHS)
The United Nations’ Globally Harmonised System on the classification and
labelling of chemicals (GHS) is used across all European Union countries.
GHS provides a basis for communicating information on chemical hazards
in a uniform way, utilising a common system of chemical labelling,
classifications and terminology.
Hazard Classification
‫المخاطر‬ ‫تصنيف‬
Chemical agents are classified into various hazard classifications in
accordance with their physiochemical properties, their health hazards
and environment effects. Identifying and addressing the risks posed by
the hazard classification which is the key to use them safely.
See Figure 1 below for details of the classification system.

8. Set of GHS Transport pictograms on transparent

9. The Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) is a hazard rating system that
uses color bar labels to identify and provide information about chemical hazards
A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a document that contains information on
the potential hazards (health, fire, reactivity and environmental) and how to work
safely with the chemical product. ... The MSDS contains much more information
about the material than the label.

10. Which products need a UN Number?
You will require a UN number if you’re shipping dangerous goods, meaning goods
with a hazardous component (e.g. certain types of batteries or flammable liquids).

11. ‫الحرائق‬ ‫من‬ ‫للحماية‬ ‫الوطنية‬ ‫الرابطة‬
‫هي‬
‫عام‬ ‫تأسست‬ ، ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫ذات‬ ‫ممولة‬ ‫ربحية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫عالمية‬ ‫منظمة‬
1896
‫للتعامل‬ ‫مكرسة‬ ،
‫مع‬
‫واألخطار‬ ‫الحرائق‬ ‫بسبب‬ ‫االقتصادية‬ ‫والخسائر‬ ‫والممتلكات‬ ‫واإلصابات‬ ‫الوفيات‬
‫الصلة‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫والمخاطر‬ ‫الكهربائية‬
.
NFPA National Fire Protection Association

12. ‫مصطلحات‬
‫مهمة‬
Globally Harmonised System (GHS) ‫ا‬ً‫ي‬‫عالم‬ ‫المتوافق‬ ‫النظام‬
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬
‫الشخصي‬
Environmental Health and Safety (EH&S) ‫البيئية‬ ‫والسالمة‬ ‫الصحة‬
Hazardous Materials Identification System (HMIS) ‫المواد‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫نظام‬
‫الخطرة‬
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) ‫السالمة‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫صحيفة‬

13. EH&S
Environmental Health and Safety
‫والسالمة‬ ‫الصحة‬
‫البيئية‬
1) Food in the Laboratory
Food must be kept outside the laboratory In the case of an emergency where
an individual may need food or water, they should be removed from the lab if
possible. However, if this is not possible, then unopened/sealed food should
be used to help ensure they do not have contaminated.
2) Individuals with Special Needs and/or Medical Conditions
Individuals with special needs and/or medical conditions should be
accommodated so long as it can be done safely. Most instructional and
research labs are equipped with wheel chair accessible stations
Important rules you should know:

14. 3) General Chemical Storage
The four main storage groups that chemicals need to be separated
into are flammables, corrosives, toxics, and reactive. Chemicals
should be stored in the laboratory in such a way that minimizes the
likelihood of dangerous interactions with other chemical agents .

15. 1
-
‫يجب‬
‫مع‬ ‫الحاجة‬ ‫من‬ ‫األدنى‬ ‫الحد‬ ‫عند‬ ‫المخزنة‬ ‫الخطرة‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫بكميات‬ ‫االحتفاظ‬
‫صالحيتها‬ ‫لفترة‬ ‫االنتباه‬
‫بعض‬ ‫لتحلل‬ ‫وذلك‬
‫أكثر‬ ‫تصبح‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ويمكن‬ ‫التخزين‬ ‫أثناء‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬
‫خطورة‬
.
2
-
‫بشكل‬ ‫وإدارتها‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫يجب‬
‫لتمييز‬ ‫مناسب‬
‫العبوات‬ ‫جميع‬
(
‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬
‫نفايات‬ ‫مواد‬
)
‫ويجب‬
‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫خصائص‬ ‫على‬ ، ‫النفايات‬ ‫ذلك‬ ‫في‬ ‫بما‬ ، ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫تخزين‬ ‫يعتمد‬ ‫أن‬
‫وتفاعلها‬
.
‫البعض‬ ‫بعضها‬ ‫عن‬ ‫المتوافقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الكيميائية‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫فصل‬ ‫يجب‬
.

16. An individual chemical’s Safety Data Sheet must be consulted before it is stored to obtain
information on its incompatibles. The web is also a good source on information in this
regard. Like downloading Chemical Reactivity Worksheet (CRW) software: this programme
allows a user to input different chemicals into a reactivity matrix and it will predict the
type of reaction that may be generated.
‫فردية‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مادة‬ ‫بكل‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫بيانات‬ ‫صحيفة‬ ‫إلى‬ ‫الرجوع‬ ‫يجب‬
‫تخزينها‬ ‫قبل‬
‫على‬ ‫للحصول‬
‫معها‬ ‫المتوافقة‬ ‫غير‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫معلومات‬
.
‫هذا‬ ‫في‬ ‫للمعلومات‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫جي‬ ‫ا‬ً‫مصدر‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫الويب‬ ‫يعد‬
‫الصدد‬
,
‫مثال‬
‫تحميل‬
‫برنامج‬ CRW
‫حيث‬
‫ب‬ ‫يتنبأ‬ ‫وسوف‬ ‫تفاعلية‬ ‫مصفوفة‬ ‫في‬ ‫مختلفة‬ ‫كيميائية‬ ‫مواد‬ ‫بإدخال‬ ‫للمستخدم‬ ‫البرنامج‬ ‫هذا‬ ‫يسمح‬
‫نوع‬
‫قد‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫التفاعل‬
‫يتولد‬

19. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
1) Protective Equipment (PPE) is essential to safety in a lab
environment
for assuring that all persons in the lab are appropriately
attired.
At a minimum, students must wear closed toed shoes*, long
pants*, and safety glasses or goggles* at all times when in
labs. In many cases, additional safety attire such as gloves*
and lab coats* will be required.
Gloves depend on the nature of the
work. It is forbidden to use goggles with
direct ventilation.
‫الشخصية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬

22. In any case where “bench work” is being performed working with
hazardous chemicals or materials, potentially dangerous biological
agents, or dangerous equipment, lab coats and/or gloves and other
appropriate protective equipment is required. Instructors may
enforce this rule by penalty such as giving a grade of “zero” for a lab
in which students that do not follow these guidelines

23. ‫خارج‬ ‫مرافق‬ ‫في‬ ‫المعدات‬ ‫استخدام‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الموضوع‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫العينات‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫الجامعي‬ ‫الحرم‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫يتم‬ ‫الذي‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫يخضع‬
‫الجامعي‬ ‫الحرم‬
‫الذكر‬ ‫انفة‬ ‫المختبرية‬ ‫السالمة‬ ‫الرشادات‬
.
‫سيكون‬ ، ‫الجامعي‬ ‫الحرم‬ ‫داخل‬ ‫المختبر‬ ‫أنشطة‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الحال‬ ‫هو‬ ‫كما‬
‫اإلرشادات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫وتطبيق‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫المالبس‬ ‫تحديد‬ ‫المدرب‬ ‫مسؤولية‬ ‫من‬
.
‫هذه‬ ‫اتباع‬ ‫مسؤولية‬ ‫الطالب‬ ‫عاتق‬ ‫على‬ ‫تقع‬
‫اإلرشادات‬
.
‫الالزمة‬ ‫المالبس‬ ‫لتحديد‬ ‫المختبر‬ ‫سالمة‬ ‫بمدير‬ ‫اتصل‬ ، ‫الجامعي‬ ‫الحرم‬ ‫خارج‬ ‫للعمل‬ ‫المتنوعة‬ ‫للطبيعة‬ ‫ا‬ً‫نظر‬
.
Off Campus Work

24. 09/02/2022
Chemical Spills

25. 09/02/2022
While the major spills includes:
1) Acid/Bases
Handling of acid/base spills should use the appropriate kit to neutralize and absorb the
inorganic acids and bases. Acids can be neutralized with soda ash or sodium bicarbonate
Specialist spill kits containing alkali agents may be required when working with some
corrosives, e.g. hydrofluoric acid )
Soda ash light sodium carbonate
Soda Ash Light or Sodium Carbonate is a powder commonly
used to regulate or buffer pH levels in different industrial
processes. It is a highly soluble substance which is why it is
ideally used in various chemical reaction processes.

26. 09/02/2022
2) Biological Spills
Laboratories deal with many biohazards including body fluid (such as blood, urine), tissues or
organs, cell cultures and microorganisms (such as E.coli). The appropriate PPE is particularly
important when cleaning up biological spills to prevent contact with contaminated surfaces
and protect from exposure to splattered materials.
Blood collection tubes
Urine and sputum specimen container Blood culture bottles

27. 09/02/2022
The following instructions should be follow when biological
spills are happened:
1◦The spill is covered with paper towels or absorbent pads.
2◦Decontaminate using a freshly prepared 10% dilution of
household bleach or hospital-grade disinfectant.
3◦Allow to sit for 15 minutes.
4◦Use paper towels or other absorbent material to wipe up the
spill.
5◦Further clean the spill area with fresh towels soaked in
disinfectant.
6◦Dispose of the towels and/or absorbent material in the
biohazardous waste container.

28. 3) Radioactive spills
Absorbent material (such as paper towels) should be placed over the radioactive spill.
Using forceps, the contaminated towels can be gathered and placed in a radioactive
waste disposal bag. The spill area, hands, shoes and other PPE should be monitored for
contamination with a Geiger counter . The clean-up is repeated until the contamination
is no longer detectable.
Bear in mind that extra caution needs to be exercised to prevent the spreading of the
radiation beyond the spill area during the clean-up.
09/02/2022
Geiger counter
‫الماصة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫وضع‬ ‫يجب‬
(
‫الورقية‬ ‫المناشف‬ ‫مثل‬
)
‫المشع‬ ‫االنسكاب‬ ‫فوق‬
.
‫باستخدام‬
‫المشعة‬ ‫النفايات‬ ‫من‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫كيس‬ ‫في‬ ‫ووضعها‬ ‫الملوثة‬ ‫المناشف‬ ‫جمع‬ ‫يمكن‬ ، ‫الملقط‬
.
‫الشخصية‬ ‫الحماية‬ ‫معدات‬ ‫من‬ ‫وغيرها‬ ‫واألحذية‬ ‫واليدين‬ ‫االنسكاب‬ ‫منطقة‬ ‫مراقبة‬ ‫يجب‬
‫جيجر‬ ‫عداد‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫التلوث‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ا‬ً‫ث‬‫بح‬
.
‫قابل‬ ‫غير‬ ‫التلوث‬ ‫يصبح‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫التنظيف‬ ‫يتكرر‬
‫للكشف‬
.

29. 09/02/2022
4 ) Mercury Spills
Handling Mercury and Mercuric Compounds Safely
‫الزئبق‬
‫هو‬
‫ملغم‬ ‫لتكوين‬ ‫األخرى‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫من‬ ‫العديد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫يتفاعل‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫سائل‬ ‫معدن‬
(
‫أخرى‬ ‫معادن‬ ‫مع‬
)
‫الزئبق‬ ‫أمالح‬ ‫أو‬
(
‫العضوية‬ ‫غير‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مركبات‬
)
‫العضوي‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫ومركبات‬
(
‫مباش‬ ‫بالزئبق‬ ‫الكربون‬ ‫ذرات‬ ‫فيها‬ ‫ترتبط‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المركبات‬
‫رة‬
‫الزئبق‬ ‫مركبات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مع‬ ‫العمل‬ ‫عند‬ ‫اتخاذها‬ ‫الواجب‬ ‫االحتياطات‬
:
1
-
‫يجب‬
‫ألنه‬ ‫اإلمكان‬ ‫بقدر‬ ‫مقفلة‬ ‫خزانات‬ ‫في‬ ‫االخرى‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫عن‬ ‫ًا‬‫د‬‫بعي‬ ‫مناسبة‬ ‫بطريقة‬ ‫الزئبقية‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫جميع‬ ‫تخزين‬
‫ًا‬‫د‬‫ج‬ ‫قليلة‬ ‫لكميات‬ ‫ولو‬ ‫حتى‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫عند‬ ‫بسرعة‬ ‫السليم‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫تخترق‬ ‫السمية‬ ‫شديدة‬ ‫مادة‬
.

30. 2
-
‫يجب‬
‫للجلد‬ ‫مالمستها‬ ‫لمنع‬ ‫المناسبة‬ ‫القفازات‬ ‫ارتداء‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫مع‬ ‫يتعاملون‬ ‫الذين‬ ‫األشخاص‬ ‫على‬
.
‫عند‬ ‫مثال‬
‫ثنائي‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫العمل‬
‫القفازات‬ ‫من‬ ‫زوجين‬ ‫ارتداء‬ ‫يجب‬ ، ‫الزئبق‬ ‫ميثيل‬
‫خارجي‬ ‫وزوج‬ ‫داخلي‬ ‫زوج‬ ،
.
‫القفازات‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫يجب‬
‫منها‬ ‫والتخلص‬ ‫الفور‬ ‫على‬ ‫الملوثة‬
.
‫ارتداء‬ ‫ًا‬‫ض‬‫أي‬ ‫يجب‬
‫المختبر‬ ‫رداء‬
‫األمان‬ ‫ونظارات‬
.
‫الملوثة‬ ‫المختبر‬ ‫معاطف‬ ‫إزالة‬ ‫يجب‬
‫و‬ ‫أساسي‬ ‫بشكل‬
/
‫غسلها‬ ‫أو‬
‫منها‬ ‫التخلص‬ ‫أو‬
.
3
-
‫األكل‬ ‫وقبل‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫مع‬ ‫التعامل‬ ‫بعد‬ ‫ووجههم‬ ‫أيديهم‬ ‫غسل‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫على‬ ‫تحتوي‬ ‫التي‬ ‫المركبات‬ ‫مستخدمي‬ ‫على‬ ‫يجب‬
‫الشرب‬ ‫أو‬
.
‫استخدام‬ ‫تجنب‬
‫المنسكبة‬ ‫المواد‬ ‫تتراكم‬ ‫أن‬ ‫يمكن‬ ‫حيث‬ ‫شقوق‬ ‫بها‬ ‫مقاعد‬ ‫على‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مركبات‬
.
4
-
‫لمركبات‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫مالمسة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫الهواء‬ ‫في‬ ‫المحمول‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫من‬ ‫مفرطة‬ ‫لمستويات‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫عن‬ ‫الناجمة‬ ‫اآلثار‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ال‬ ‫قد‬
‫سنوات‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ألشهر‬ ‫ملحوظة‬ ‫الزئبق‬

31. ‫يؤدي‬ ‫ومركباته‬ ‫للزئبق‬ ‫التعرض‬ ‫خطورة‬
‫للتالي‬
:
‫الزئبق‬ ‫عنصر‬
‫ا‬ً‫ب‬‫مصحو‬ ‫الفم‬ ‫في‬ ‫معدني‬ ‫طعم‬
‫وقيء‬ ‫البطن‬ ‫في‬ ‫وألم‬ ‫بغثيان‬
‫الزئبق‬ ‫أمالح‬
‫مسببة‬ ‫الكلى‬ ‫في‬ ‫الغالب‬ ‫في‬ ‫تتراكم‬
‫كلوي‬ ‫فشل‬
‫العضوية‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫مركبات‬
‫تصيب‬
‫والشلل‬ ‫والسمع‬ ‫البصر‬ ‫وضعف‬ ‫االرتعاش‬ ‫مسببة‬ ‫العصبي‬ ‫الجهاز‬
‫الزئبق‬ ‫ميثيل‬ ‫ثنائي‬
‫مادة‬
‫السليم‬ ‫الجلد‬ ‫تخترق‬ ‫السمية‬ ‫شديدة‬
‫قاتلة‬ ‫تكون‬ ‫ممكن‬ ‫جدا‬ ‫قليلة‬ ‫لكميات‬ ‫والتعرض‬

32. ‫المعالجة‬ ‫طرق‬
، ‫أمكن‬ ‫حيثما‬ ‫الميكانيكية‬ ‫الوسائل‬ ‫باستخدام‬ ‫أساسي‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫االنسكابات‬ ‫تنظيف‬ ‫"يجب‬.
‫رفعها‬ ‫ومحاولة‬ ً‫ال‬‫أو‬ ‫القطرات‬ ‫تجميع‬
‫الملوث‬ ‫السطح‬ ‫من‬
.
‫الطريقة‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تسمى‬
Mercury Collector
‫حين‬
‫ال‬ ‫قد‬ ، ‫خشبية‬ ‫مقاعد‬ ‫المثال‬ ‫سبيل‬ ‫على‬ ‫المسامية‬ ‫األسطح‬ ‫على‬ ‫االنسكابات‬ ‫تحدث‬
‫كامل‬ ‫بشكل‬ ‫فعالة‬ ‫التقنيات‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫تكون‬
.
‫استخدام‬ ‫يجب‬ ، ‫الحاالت‬ ‫هذه‬ ‫مثل‬ ‫في‬
‫مجموعة‬
‫الكبريت‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫على‬ ‫الحاوية‬ Mercurisorb’ Spill Kit
، ‫المسامية‬ ‫األسطح‬ ‫من‬ ‫الممتص‬ ‫الزئبق‬ ‫كل‬ ‫إخراج‬ ‫الضروري‬ ‫من‬ ‫ليس‬
‫مجموعة‬ ‫كون‬
‫الكبريت‬ ‫عنصر‬ ‫بفضل‬ ‫سام‬ ‫غير‬ ‫زئبق‬ ‫الى‬ ‫وابخرته‬ ‫الزئيق‬ ‫تحول‬ ‫تلك‬ ‫التنظيف‬
Mercuric sulphide is the most stable compound formed between
mercury and sulphur.

33. Thanks for your attention

34. ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎوﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫واﻻﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮات‬
‫أ‬
.
‫م‬
.
‫رﺟوان‬
‫ﻏزاي‬ ‫اﻟﺟﺑﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺑد‬

35. ‫ﻧﮭﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺴ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ؟‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﺻﺣﺔ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯾن‬ ‫ﺔ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻣﺟﺗﻣﻊ‬
‫ﺳ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﻣﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬

36. ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬

37. ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬
(P2FO10H4C) GB ‫ا‬
‫ﺑﺄﺳم‬ ‫ﻛذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻌروف‬ ،‫ﻟﺳﺎرﯾن‬ Sarin)
‫ﺳﺎﺋل‬
‫أو‬
‫ﺑﺧﺎر‬
‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ﻟون‬ ‫ﻻ‬
.
،‫اﻟﺑﺻر‬ ‫ﻏﺷﺎوة‬ ،‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫ض‬ّ‫اﻟﺗﻌر‬ ‫ﻣدى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺗوﻗف‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻲ‬ ،‫ﻋوارﺿﮫ‬ ‫ﺗﺷﻣل‬
‫وﺻﻌوﺑﺔ‬
‫واﺧﺗﻼج‬ ،‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔس‬
،‫واﻟﺗﻌرق‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺿﻼت‬
،‫ّؤ‬‫ﯾ‬‫واﻟﺗﻘ‬
،‫واﻟﺗﺷﻧﺟﺎت‬ ،‫واﻟﻐﯾﺑوﺑﺔ‬ ،‫واﻹﺳﮭﺎل‬
‫وﺗوﻗف‬
‫اﻟﺗﻧﻔس‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﯾؤدي‬ ‫اﻟذي‬
‫اﻟﻣوت‬
.
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﮫ‬ ‫اﻟطوﯾل‬ ‫اﻟﺗﻌرض‬ ‫ﯾؤدي‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫اﻟﻣوت‬

38. ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﻲ؟‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻧﮭﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﺎذا‬

39. ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻛﯾﻣﯾﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرات‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺑﺎدئ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺑﻧﻲ‬

40. ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺔ‬
‫و‬
‫إدراﻛﮭﺎ‬
‫و‬
‫ﺗﻘﯿﯿﻤﮭﺎ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻣﻠﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺻﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫أﺟﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬ ‫واﻟﺴﯿﻄﺮة‬
‫واﻟﺒﯿﺌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺠﺘﻤﻊ‬ ‫وﻟﺤﻤﺎﯾﺔ‬

41. ‫اﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺼﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻢ‬
•
‫اﻟﺗوﻗﻊ‬
•
‫اﻹدراك‬
•
‫اﻟﺗﻘﯾﯾم‬
•
‫اﻟﺳﯾطرة‬

43. ‫اﻟﺘﻮﻗﻊ‬

44. ‫اﻹدراك‬

45. ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺎطﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻤﻮاد‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬
‫؟‬
‫اﻟﻤﻘﺪار؟‬ ‫ھﻮ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪات‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫زﻣﺔ‬
‫؟‬ •
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤﻞ؟‬ ‫ﯾﻘﻮم‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺪرﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮظﻔﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣ‬
‫ﻼ‬
‫ﺋﻢ‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺠﺮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﯿﺮ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬
‫ﻧﺤﻮﺧﺎطﻰء‬
‫؟‬
‫ﻟﻠﻄﻮارئ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺪﯾﻚ‬ ‫ھﻞ‬

54. ‫ﻛﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮ؟‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن‬
‫ادارة‬ ‫ﻣﻔﮭوم‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺗﺟﻧب‬
‫اﻟﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬
,
• ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑرات‬ ‫ﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫واﻟﺗﺧﻠص‬

55. ‫اﻟﺑداﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫اﻟﻣﻠوﺛﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺟﻧب‬ ‫اﻻﻓﺿل‬ ‫ﻣن‬
– ‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻠﯾل‬ ‫ﯾﺟب‬ ‫ﻋﻧدھﺎ‬ ‫ذﻟك‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺳﺗﺣﯾل‬ ‫ﻣن‬ ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺎن‬
– ‫اﻟﺑﯾﺋﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﺧﺎطر‬ ‫دون‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺧﻠص‬ ‫وﯾﺟب‬
– ‫اﻟﻣﺧﺗﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺗدوﯾر‬ ‫ﺑﺗداﺑﯾر‬
– ‫ﻣﺛل‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻣﺧﺗﺑر‬ ‫اﻟﺗدوﯾر‬ ‫اﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫اﺳﺗﺧدام‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬
‫اﻟﻣذﯾﺑﺎت‬

57. • ‫درﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺗﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻣﻛن‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺣﺎﻟﯾل‬ ‫ھﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬
‫ﺑﯾن‬ ‫ﺣﻣوﺿﺔ‬
6
‫و‬
8
• ‫ﺛﻘﯾﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻌﺎدن‬ ‫ﻋل‬ ‫ﻻﺗﺣﺗوي‬ ‫ان‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺧﻠص‬ ‫وﯾﻣﻛن‬
– ‫ﻣﻼﺣظﮫ‬
:
‫اﻻﺳﺗﺧﻼص‬ ‫ﺑﻌد‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺗﺑﻘﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺎﺋﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻣﺣﺎﻟﯾل‬
‫ﺧطر‬ ‫ﻣﺧﻠﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺗﺑر‬ ‫واﻟﻛﻠوروﻓورم‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟداﯾﻛﻠوروﻣﯾﺛﺎن‬
‫ة‬
‫ﺑﺗﺑﺧﯾرھﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻧﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺗﺧﻠص‬ ‫وﯾﺗم‬
)
‫ھﯾدروﻛﺎرﺑوﻧﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﺣﺗوي‬
‫ﻣﻛﻠوره‬
,

58. • ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻣﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻧظﻣﺔ‬ ‫وﺿﻌت‬
• WHO
• ‫اﻟﻛﺎدﻣﯾوم‬
• ‫اﻟرﺻﺎص‬
• ‫اﻟزﺋﺑﻖ‬
• ‫اﻟزرﻧﯾﺦ‬
• ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺻﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺧطرة‬ ‫ﻣواد‬ ‫ﻋﺷرة‬ ‫ﺿﻣن‬
2018

61. ‫اﻟﻌﻀﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻮاﻣﺾ‬

62. ‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ‬
,
‫اﻟﻘﻠﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺎﻟﯿﻂ‬

63. ‫اﻟﻘﻠﻮﯾﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﻠﺰات‬ ‫ﺑﻮاﻗﻲ‬
‫ا‬
‫ﻟﻣﻌﺎدن‬
‫اﻟﺛﻘﯾﻠﮫ‬

64. ‫واﻟﺴﯿﺎﻧﯿﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﯿﺪروﺳﯿﺎﻧﯿﻚ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻣﺾ‬

65. ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺘﺒﺮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻻدوات‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻒ‬

67. : - ‫اﻟﺘﻄﻮﯾﻖ‬
/
‫اﻟﻌﺰل‬ -
‫ﻟﺘﮭﻮﯾﺔ‬
/
‫ﺟﮭﺎز‬
‫اﻟﺸﻔﻂ‬
‫اﻟﺳﯾطرة‬
‫اﻟﻣﺧﺎطر؟‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺳﯾطرة‬ ‫ﺗﺗم‬ ‫ﻛﯾف‬

80. )
‫ﺣﺎدة‬
(
‫اﻷﻣﺪ‬ ‫ﻗﺼﯿﺮة‬
)
‫ﻣﺰﻣﻨﺔ‬
(
‫اﻷﻣﺪ‬ ‫طﻮﯾﻠﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺳﻣﯾﺔ‬

81. ‫اﻟﻜﯿﻤﯿﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻤﯿﺔ‬