This document provides guidance on laboratory safety policies and procedures. It outlines the roles and responsibilities of management, laboratory supervisors, and individual employees to ensure a safe work environment. General safety rules are established, such as following evacuation plans, using protective equipment properly, and disposing of waste correctly. Hazards in the laboratory including chemical, biological, physical, and electrical dangers are discussed. The importance of safety data sheets, labeling, signage, and personal protective equipment to minimize risks is also explained.

1. General
Laboratory Safety

2. Introduction
The laboratory of FIMA BIODIESEL SDN BHD. requires hazard
containment of chemical and physical hazards. Hence, we must follow
the Health & Safety at work act 1974.
The success of a laboratory safety program depends on every
employee's participation and cooperation.
Nonconformity with safety precautions not only endangers the
individual, but often compromises the health and safety of fellow
workers and the surrounding community, and may result in loss of
experimental integrity and property damage.

3. Roles and Responsibilities in
Implementing the Laboratory Standard
1. Management
Bears ultimate responsibility for chemical hygiene
within the facility.
Provides continuous support for institutional chemical
hygiene.

4. Roles and Responsibilities
2. Laboratory Supervisor
Identification of hazards and assessment of the risks associated
with operations
Selection of proper laboratory safety practices and engineering
controls necessary to minimize personal injury or property
damage;
Providing instruction and training programs for personnel in the
practices and techniques required for their assigned tasks and
laboratory operations;
Maintaining a laboratory procedure notebook;
Ensuring that necessary safety equipment is available in the
laboratory, used when required, and adequately maintained;

5. Responsibilities
3. Individual Employees
Complying with all safety policies and procedures;
Maintaining awareness of the risks associated with assigned
duties;
Taking all necessary and appropriate safety precautions relevant
to performance of duties;
Becoming familiar with emergency procedures prior to
accidental spills, overt personal exposures, fire, etc.;
Inform any unsafe conditions or practices to superior
Report all incidents resulting in injury or exposure to hazardous
agents (physical, chemical or biological) to your superior.

6. Laboratory safety rules

7. General lab safety rules
Having a strong set of overall laboratory safety rules is essential to
avoid disasters in the lab.
The following are rules that relate to almost every laboratory :
1. Read all fire alarm and safety signs and follow the instructions in
the event of an accident or emergency.
2. Ensure you are fully aware of your facility's/building's evacuation
procedures.
3. Make sure you know where your lab's safety equipment—
including first aid kit(s), fire extinguishers, eye wash stations, and
safety showers—is located and how to properly use it.

8. General lab safety rules
4. Know emergency phone numbers to use to call for help in case of
an emergency.
5. Open flames should never be used in the laboratory unless you
have permission from a qualified supervisor.
6. Make sure you are aware of where your lab's exits and fire alarms
are located.
7. If there is a fire drill, be sure to turn off all electrical equipment
and close all containers.

10. General lab safety rules
8. Always work in properly-ventilated areas. Do not chew
gum, drink, or eat while working in the lab.
9. Laboratory glassware should never be utilized as food or
beverage containers.
10. Each time you use glassware, be sure to check it for chips
and cracks. Notify your lab supervisor of any damaged
glassware so it can be properly disposed of.
11. Never use lab equipment that you are not approved or
trained by your supervisor to operate.

11. General lab safety rules
12. If an instrument or piece of equipment fails during use, or isn't
operating properly, report the issue right away. Never try to repair
an equipment problem on your own.
13. If you are the last person to leave the lab, make sure to lock all
the doors and turn off all ignition sources.
14. Never leave an ongoing experiment unattended.
15. Never smell or taste chemicals. Do not pipette by mouth.
16. Make sure you always follow the proper procedures for
disposing lab waste.

12. General lab safety rules
17. Report all injuries, accidents, and broken equipment or glass
right away, even if the incident seems small or unimportant.
18. If you have been injured, yell out immediately and as loud as
you can to ensure you get help.
19. In the event of a chemical splashing into your eye(s) or on
your skin, immediately flush the affected area(s) with running
water for at least 20 minutes.
20. If you notice any unsafe conditions in the lab, let your
supervisor know as soon as possible.

14. Laboratory
Hazards and Risks
WORKING IN A LABORATORY: THE HAZARDS AND
RISKS

15. Hazards in Laboratory
Laboratory workers are exposed to numerous
potential hazards including chemical, biological,
physical and radioactive hazards, as well as,
musculoskeletal stresses.
Many workers are unaware of the potential
hazards in their work environment, which makes
them more vulnerable to injury.

16. Different types of hazards
First step in protecting worker health and safety is
recognizing workplace hazards.
Most hazards encountered fall into three main
categories: chemical, biological, or physical.
Cleaning agents and disinfectants, drugs, anesthetic
gases, solvents, paints, and compressed gases are
examples of chemical hazards.
Potential exposures to chemical hazards can
occur both during use and with poor storage.

17. Chemical hazards
Use of chemicals in laboratory is inevitable, and the potential for harm
or injury could be significant if they are misused or mishandled.

18. Chemical hazards
PREVENTION
When it comes to chemical hazards, effective
prevention is the best way to manage the risks of
working with these dangerous substances.
Practising proper chemical segregation is essential
in all labs, as some substances can react with each
other to create chemical reactions, fires and even
explosions. Protective clothing and good
housekeeping are also important

19. Biological Hazards
Encompass microbes, recombinant organisms,
and viral vectors. They also include biological
agents introduced into experimental animals.
Health and safety issues such as containment, the
ability for replication, and potential biological effect
are all important.

21. Physical hazards
Included here are electrical safety hazards, ergonomic
hazards associated with manual material handling and
equipment use, handling sharps, and basic housekeeping
issues.
Many operations in the lab can result in lab workers
assuming sustained or repetitive awkward postures.
Examples are eluting a column in a fume hood, working for
extended periods in a biosafety cabinet, or looking at slides
on a microscope for extended periods. What is found
acceptable for brief or occasional use may become
problematic if performed for long durations or very
frequently. Pain is a good indicator that something is wrong.

22. Physical hazards
Conduct work with a neutral, balanced posture.
Sharps containers are ubiquitous in labs and following a few
safety rules can help prevent getting stuck with accident reports.
Use only puncture-proof and leakproof containers that are
clearly labeled.
Many injuries stem from poor housekeeping. Slips, trips, and
falls are very common but easily avoided. Start with safe and
organized storage areas.
Material storage should not create hazards. Bags, containers,
bundles, etc., stored in tiers should be stacked, blocked,
interlocked, and limited in height so that they are stable and
secure against sliding or collapse.

25. Electrical hazards
oEquip all electrical power outlets in wet locations with
ground-fault circuit interrupters, or GFCIs, to prevent
accidental electrocutions. GFCIs are designed to “trip” and
break the circuit when a small amount of current begins
flowing to ground.
oVery common electrical hazard is improper use of flexible
extension cords. Do not use these as a substitute for
permanent wiring. The cord insulation should be in good
condition and continue into the plug ends. Never repair
cracks, breaks, cuts, or tears with tape.

27. Safety Data Sheet
(SDS)

28. Safety Data Sheets
What is a Safety Data Sheet (SDS)?
An SDS (formerly known as MSDS) includes information such as
the properties of each chemical; the physical, health, and
environmental health hazards; protective measures; and safety
precautions for handling, storing, and transporting the chemical.
It provides guidance for each specific chemical on things such as:
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
First aid procedures
Spill clean-up procedures

29. Labeling and
Signage guide

30. Labeling and Signage
Labels and signage are the cornerstones of hazard
communications.
They provide the ability to locate and identify
laboratory hazards.
Labels must be placed on chemical packaging and
be easily visible and readable. If there are changes
to the chemical, the label must be updated or
replaced with a new label.

31. Signage
oProper signage at a laboratory entrance provides
important information about the hazards located
inside, as well as required personal protective
equipment (PPE). This information is extremely
valuable for responders and visitors and reminds
employees of the hazards they encounter upon
entering a laboratory.
oSignage inside the laboratory designates the
locations for safety equipment, chemical storage,
and unattended experiments.

32. Chemical Labeling
Labeling of chemical containers is
fundamental to effective hazard
communication.
The manufacturer provides compliant
labeling for each chemical they sell.

33. Hazardous Waste Labeling
Waste containers must have accurate
labeling.
The label must clearly and neatly list the
chemical or common name of each
substance that is at least 1% by volume of
the total contents or mixture.

34. Example - Hazardous Chemical
Surplus Tag for Hazardous Waste

35. CHEMICAL SIGNAGE

36. Personal
Protective
Equipment (PPE)

37. What is personal protective
equipment?
Personal protective equipment, commonly referred
to as "PPE", is equipment worn to minimize
exposure to hazards that cause serious workplace
injuries and illnesses.
These injuries and illnesses may result from contact
with chemical, radiological, physical, electrical,
mechanical, or other workplace hazards.

38. What can be done to ensure proper
use of personal protective equipment?
All personal protective equipment should be
safely designed and constructed, and should be
maintained in a clean and reliable fashion.
It should fit comfortably, encouraging worker use.
If the personal protective equipment does not fit
properly, it can make the difference between being
safely covered or dangerously exposed.

39. Employers must provide personal
protective equipment to their workers
Employers are also required to train each worker required to use
personal protective equipment to know :
1. When it is necessary
2. What kind is necessary
3. How to properly put it on, adjust, wear and take it off
4. The limitations of the equipment
5. Proper care, maintenance, useful life, and disposal of the
equipment

41. personal protective equipment (PPE)

42. Chemicals storage
for laboratory

43. Chemical Storage
Hazardous chemical reactions can occur from improper
storage when incompatible materials mix because of :
1. Accidental breakage
2. Container failure
3. Fires and earthquakes
4. Mixing of gases or vapors from poorly closed containers
5. Mistakenly storing incompatibles together because of
improperly labeled containers

44. Chemical Storage & Flammable
Cabinet in Malaysia

46. General Storage Requirements
All chemicals must be stored in a safe, secure
location. Hazardous chemicals must be stored
below eye level.
Do not store chemicals on the floor, window
ledges, or balconies. Keep containers closed unless
you are dispensing a chemical or adding to the
container.

47. Chemical Segregation
Chemicals should always be segregated according to their specific
hazard(s) to prevent unintended reactions. Begin by categorizing
and separating chemicals by the following categories :
Other types of materials require more specific storage
requirements such as :
1. Explosives
2. Compressed gases
3. Cryogens
a. Pyrophorics d. Flammables
b. Corrosives e. Oxidizers
c. Water reactives f. Toxics

48. Improper chemical storage

49. General
Emergency
Procedure

50. Purpose of emergency
preparedness & response
1. Minimize the risks of emergencies
occurring.
2. Identify potential emergency situations.
3. Minimize the impact of emergencies on
the environment.

51. Emergency procedures
During any type of emergency, follow these important procedures :
If you are in a building, know the exit nearest to you. In the event that
this exit is blocked, be familiar with alternate exits.
Avoid panic. Remain calm. Follow procedures and instructions.
Stop rumors. Rumors lead to confusion and make everyone’s task harder.
Avoid using the telephone. It is for emergencies only. Unnecessary use of
the phone delays delivery of emergency resources when and where they
are most needed.
Leave the building immediately when conditions are safe. If it is nearby,
take the Emergency Kit you prepared in advance, and your wallet or
purse. Do not take time to collect other personal items.
In general, do not use the elevators. Even if it is safe to use them,
elevators will be needed by authorized personnel to evacuate people with
disabilities and children. In the event of a fire or structural damage,
elevators cannot be used by anyone. You must use the stairs.
After leaving the building, report immediately to the identified Assembly
Area or Evacuation Site. Remain in the Assembly Area until advised of
further action

55. Managing
laboratory wastes

56. Laboratory Waste
Management
Some suggestions to help manage hazardous waste output :
1. Keep inventories up to date with thorough record-keeping.
2. Make substitutions for chemicals whenever possible.
3. Try to avoid purchasing chemical materials in bulk quantities
4. Recycle as many agents as possible – some common examples
of laboratory materials that can be distilled, filtered, or
recycled include xylene, formalin, and ethyl alcohol.
5. Reduce the size and number of the containers you’re using (if
you find that you aren’t regularly filling them).

57. Laboratory Waste
Management cont…
Some suggestions to help manage hazardous waste output :
1. Manage all chemicals as if they were hazardous to ensure
there is no possibility of contamination.
2. Make sure you are storing all hazardous waste in the
appropriate storage containers.
3. Confirm that each container holding hazardous laboratory
waste is appropriately labeled with the correct details for
what’s inside.
4. Regularly train employees in safety procedures for adding
waste to and removing from storage containers.

58. Eliminate hazard
by good
housekeeping

59. Workplace Housekeeping
Why should we pay attention to housekeeping at work?
Effective housekeeping can help control or eliminate
workplace hazards. Poor housekeeping practices frequently
contribute to incidents.
Housekeeping is not just cleanliness. It includes keeping
work areas neat and orderly, maintaining halls and floors
free of slip and trip hazards, and removing of waste
materials (e.g., paper, cardboard) and other fire hazards
from work areas.

60. How does good housekeeping
improve safety?
Benefits of good housekeeping in the workplace :
1. ​Eliminates and/or reduces slips, trips and falls.
2. Decreases fire hazards by reducing waste, debris and
flammable materials.
3. Improves worker health by reducing exposure to harmful
substances and airborne particles.
4. Fewer worker injuries because equipment is maintained,
materials are well-organized and warning signs are posted.
5. Reduced work-related stress on the worker.

61. How do I plan a good
housekeeping program?
A good housekeeping program identifies and assigns
responsibilities for the following :
1. clean up during the shift
2. day-to-day cleanup
3. waste disposal
4. removal of unused materials
5. inspection to ensure cleanup is complete

62. Tips for Effective Workplace
Housekeeping
1. Prevent slips, trips and falls.
2. Eliminate fire hazards.
3. Control dust.
4. Avoid tracking materials.
5. Prevent falling objects.
6. Declutter.
7. Store materials properly.
8. Use and inspect personal protective equipment and tools.

64. The E.N.D.
THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION.