The document discusses requirements testing. It provides definitions of requirements and specifications, explains why projects can be unsuccessful, and describes characteristics of good requirements and specifications. It also outlines the requirements testing process, discusses validating requirements, and lists common problems with requirements that can lead to project issues if not addressed.
The document is a presentation by Yuriy Malyi on simple QA audits. It begins with introducing the speaker and his company. It then provides definitions of audits from standards and discusses common reasons organizations conduct audits. The presentation outlines the audit process and focuses on auditing areas like product management, project management, Scrum management, QA processes, and configuration management. It presents points systems to rate compliance in these areas and shows results of applying this to a sample project.
The document discusses unit testing and provides examples of unit tests for different types of code including:
- A simple unit test for a "User" class that tests getter and setter methods.
- A more complex unit test for a "UserManager" class that tests for exceptions when saving duplicate users.
- A database unit test using the DBUnit framework to test saving a user object to the database and validating the expected data.
TDD 규칙은 간단하지만, TDD 를 배우는 것은 어렵고, 실천하기는 더 어렵다.
왜 그럴까? TDD 는 설계 방법이기 때문이다. TDD 의 규칙 리듬을 알고 따르려고 해도, 설계 용어들을 모르면 TDD 를 제대로 할 수 없다.
TDD 를 잘 하려면, 설계용어의 의미를 이해하고, 언제 적용하는지도 알아야 한다.
Reporting bugs: Errors Made and Lessons LearnedPeter Sabev
How to report bugs effectively, what mistakes to avoid, how to make your defect reports easily readable by developers, software quality assurance engineers and everyone involved in software testing
ISTQB eğitiminde yazılım testi ile ilgili önemli konulara ve örneklere değinilmiştir. "Test Nedir?", "Testin Prensipleri", "Test Teknikleri", "Yazılım Metodolojileri" ve daha birçok önemli başlık hakkında detaylı ve teknik bilgiler yaşanmış örneklerle verilmiştir. Bu sunumda, bahsedilen konu başlıkları ve daha fazlası genel haliyle anlatılmıştır.
QA Fest 2017. Владимир Примаков. QA метрики. Взгляд на качество с разных стор...QAFest
Что такое качество продукта и процесса разработки. Как его измерять. Какие метрики гарантируют качество продукта, а какие важны для принятии решения о готовности продукта к релизу. Тренды качества, их польза в понимании улучшения качества продукты и процесса разработки. Абсолютные и относительные метрики. Инструменты.
This document discusses refactoring legacy code projects. It begins by introducing the author and their experience with legacy projects. It then describes different types of legacy projects using nicknames. It discusses whether a project should be rewritten or refactored. It lists requirements needed for refactoring a legacy project. It compares a developer and customer perspective. It then provides examples of techniques that can be used when refactoring like building procedures, inversion of control, regular expressions, transaction management, and integrating incremental changes. The overall message is that refactoring legacy projects requires an open mindset, establishing trust between developers and customers, and taking problems step-by-step through small incremental changes.
Полезные метрики покрытия. Практический опыт и немного теорииSQALab
The document discusses code coverage metrics and their usefulness. It explains that while metrics like block/line and branch coverage are measurable, attaining 100% on them is unrealistic and does not prove full testing. Specification-based metrics tied to requirements, assertions, APIs, and UI elements are more attainable targets but also not sufficient on their own. Overall, no single coverage metric is perfect, but combined they can help improve test quality and identify issues like dead code if used appropriately with consideration for return on investment.
The document is a presentation by Yuriy Malyi on simple QA audits. It begins with introducing the speaker and his company. It then provides definitions of audits from standards and discusses common reasons organizations conduct audits. The presentation outlines the audit process and focuses on auditing areas like product management, project management, Scrum management, QA processes, and configuration management. It presents points systems to rate compliance in these areas and shows results of applying this to a sample project.
The document discusses unit testing and provides examples of unit tests for different types of code including:
- A simple unit test for a "User" class that tests getter and setter methods.
- A more complex unit test for a "UserManager" class that tests for exceptions when saving duplicate users.
- A database unit test using the DBUnit framework to test saving a user object to the database and validating the expected data.
TDD 규칙은 간단하지만, TDD 를 배우는 것은 어렵고, 실천하기는 더 어렵다.
왜 그럴까? TDD 는 설계 방법이기 때문이다. TDD 의 규칙 리듬을 알고 따르려고 해도, 설계 용어들을 모르면 TDD 를 제대로 할 수 없다.
TDD 를 잘 하려면, 설계용어의 의미를 이해하고, 언제 적용하는지도 알아야 한다.
Reporting bugs: Errors Made and Lessons LearnedPeter Sabev
How to report bugs effectively, what mistakes to avoid, how to make your defect reports easily readable by developers, software quality assurance engineers and everyone involved in software testing
ISTQB eğitiminde yazılım testi ile ilgili önemli konulara ve örneklere değinilmiştir. "Test Nedir?", "Testin Prensipleri", "Test Teknikleri", "Yazılım Metodolojileri" ve daha birçok önemli başlık hakkında detaylı ve teknik bilgiler yaşanmış örneklerle verilmiştir. Bu sunumda, bahsedilen konu başlıkları ve daha fazlası genel haliyle anlatılmıştır.
QA Fest 2017. Владимир Примаков. QA метрики. Взгляд на качество с разных стор...QAFest
Что такое качество продукта и процесса разработки. Как его измерять. Какие метрики гарантируют качество продукта, а какие важны для принятии решения о готовности продукта к релизу. Тренды качества, их польза в понимании улучшения качества продукты и процесса разработки. Абсолютные и относительные метрики. Инструменты.
This document discusses refactoring legacy code projects. It begins by introducing the author and their experience with legacy projects. It then describes different types of legacy projects using nicknames. It discusses whether a project should be rewritten or refactored. It lists requirements needed for refactoring a legacy project. It compares a developer and customer perspective. It then provides examples of techniques that can be used when refactoring like building procedures, inversion of control, regular expressions, transaction management, and integrating incremental changes. The overall message is that refactoring legacy projects requires an open mindset, establishing trust between developers and customers, and taking problems step-by-step through small incremental changes.
Полезные метрики покрытия. Практический опыт и немного теорииSQALab
The document discusses code coverage metrics and their usefulness. It explains that while metrics like block/line and branch coverage are measurable, attaining 100% on them is unrealistic and does not prove full testing. Specification-based metrics tied to requirements, assertions, APIs, and UI elements are more attainable targets but also not sufficient on their own. Overall, no single coverage metric is perfect, but combined they can help improve test quality and identify issues like dead code if used appropriately with consideration for return on investment.
Test-Driven Development is about approaching software development from a test perspective and knowing how to use the tools (e.g. JUnit, Mockito) to effectively write tests.
Source code examples @...
https://github.com/codeprimate-software/test-driven-development
Did you know that LEGO can be used to popularize and teach technical concepts? Come discover the practice of TDD in a fun and creative way and relive your childhood as you learn through play! No previous experience nor technical knowledge is required.
Pascal Drouin
Jean-Philippe Bélanger
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD). TDD involves writing tests before writing code to ensure new functionality works as intended. Key principles of TDD include writing failing tests first, then code to pass the tests, and refactoring code while maintaining all tests. TDD results in higher quality, flexible, readable and maintainable code. It also helps improve both internal code quality and external functionality through a well-designed development process focused on automated testing.
From a Joomla Day Midwest presentation, this focuses on unit testing in the open source Joomla project. The slides wrap around two demonstrations that cannot be included here.
TDD style proved itself as very reliable and quick way of business tasks solving with code. But most of examples on trainings and in the internet show how to apply TDD to simple input/output code or interface based dependencies with mocking techniques. What about other areas of application development like database related code? Could it be developed with TDD style? What does TDD bring to developer? I will try to answer these questions in my talk and show on practical examples how helpful TDD is for database code, how it reduces risks and opens the door for refactoring techniques.
One reasonable definition of good design is testability. It is hard to imagine a software system that is both testable and poorly designed. It is also hard to imagine a software system that is well designed but also untestable.
I'll talk you through how bad design may affect testability. We will learn how to design robust tests which are not just increasing code coverage but are bringing real value to your project.
Finally we will explore the best way to integrate these tests to your continuous integration environment so they will be acting as top class guards against sloppy commits.
Keywords : design principles, unit tests, integration tests, stress tests, java, spring, junit @Rule, junit @Category, @RunWith, @Parameters, surefire, maven, jenkins, quality metrics, selenium , tdd, mocks, stubs, etc...
The document discusses how the speaker's team at Playtika tests their code at different levels, from unit to integration tests. Small unit tests are run quickly on continuous integration and aim to achieve high code quality. Medium tests are also run on CI and test services in slightly more depth. Large integration tests were improved to run faster without Docker and test end-to-end scenarios. The team aims to continue improving testing by running more tests automatically and gathering better test results.
Test Driven Development - Phương pháp phát triển phần mềm theo hướng viết test trước.
Áp dụng TDD sẽ đem lại cho bạn thiết kế phần mềm trong sáng hơn và quản lý được chất lượng từng dòng code của mình viết ra.
Bài trình bày của bạn Lê Anh tại Meetup của Ha Noi .NET Group.
Chi tiết vui lòng xem tại: http://tungnt.net
If you had an opportunity to build an application from the ground up, with testability a key design goal, what would you do?
In this presentation, we will look at just such a situation - a major, two year rewrite of a suite of core business systems. We will discuss how a system looks when testability is as important as functionality - and what it looks like when quality concerns are part of the initial design. We will look at the role of test automation and manual test in a modern project, and look at the tools and processes. The session will conclude with a demo of the latest visual test automation tool from MIT and a Q&A.
Just Java2007 - Daniel Wildt - Tools For Java Test AutomationDaniel Wildt
The document discusses tools and techniques for Java test automation, including unit testing, functional testing, test-driven development, continuous integration, and ensuring test quality and coverage. It covers topics like white box and black box testing, mock objects, Selenium for functional tests, JMeter for stress testing, and Emma for code coverage. References and links to tools like JUnit, FitNesse, EasyMock, CheckStyle, and CruiseControl are also provided.
This workshop is designed specially for Queen Mary University of London alumni, in order to teach them TDD.
You will learn: What is TDD, Why and How.
If you want to learn more: https://github.com/MyPitit/TDD
The document discusses strategies for working with legacy code, which is code inherited from previous developers or older versions that often lacks tests and good documentation. It defines legacy code and outlines challenges like poor structure, dependencies, and lack of tests. It then provides approaches for modifying legacy code like identifying what to change and test, breaking dependencies, writing tests, and refactoring code in small, tested increments. Specific tactics are presented like using seams, sprouting methods, and interfaces to break dependencies and allow testing legacy code. The importance of understanding the system and increasing test coverage before making changes is emphasized.
4 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Kadir Has Üniversitesi'nde yapılan 9. Yazılım Teknolojileri Seminer etkinliğinde Eralp Erat'ın yaptığı TDD (Test Driven Design) sunumu
Test-driven development (TDD) is an agile software development process where test cases are developed before code. The TDD process involves writing a test, watching it fail, writing code to pass the test, and refactoring code as needed. TDD encourages dividing work into small pieces and promotes high-quality code by requiring tests to pass before adding new features. While TDD requires more initial time writing tests, it can reduce debugging time and defects in the long run.
This document discusses test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD). It provides insights into TDD, including that TDD is a design technique rather than just a testing technique, and that tests should be written before code and serve as examples of desired behavior as well as a form of communication. BDD extends this idea by specifying requirements in a way that can be tested, such as through Given/When/Then statements. The document advocates an evolutionary approach to design that simplifies code through iterative changes while passing all tests.
Book review: Working Effectively with Legacy Code, by Michael C. Feathers
Agenda
- The mechanics of change
- Changing software
- Dependency breaking techniques
This session is for developers who need to work on code projects that where written without good unit-testing.
Presentation on the promises and pitfalls of applying Agile in a Quality Management System. How do you get the benefits of agile while maintaining quality and regulatory compliance?
The document provides an overview of reliability metrics, hazard analysis stages, critical systems development techniques, verification and validation processes, types of testing, software inspections, and static analysis. It discusses reliability metrics like availability, probability of failure on demand, and mean time to failure. It also outlines hazard identification, risk analysis, and fault tolerance techniques like fault recovery and fault-tolerant architectures.
Agenda
Requirements
What are requirements?
Classifying the requirements
Characteristics of requirements
Requirements elicitation
Documenting the requirements
Requirements analysis and negotiation
Requirements validation
Test-Driven Development is about approaching software development from a test perspective and knowing how to use the tools (e.g. JUnit, Mockito) to effectively write tests.
Source code examples @...
https://github.com/codeprimate-software/test-driven-development
Did you know that LEGO can be used to popularize and teach technical concepts? Come discover the practice of TDD in a fun and creative way and relive your childhood as you learn through play! No previous experience nor technical knowledge is required.
Pascal Drouin
Jean-Philippe Bélanger
This document provides an overview of test-driven development (TDD). TDD involves writing tests before writing code to ensure new functionality works as intended. Key principles of TDD include writing failing tests first, then code to pass the tests, and refactoring code while maintaining all tests. TDD results in higher quality, flexible, readable and maintainable code. It also helps improve both internal code quality and external functionality through a well-designed development process focused on automated testing.
From a Joomla Day Midwest presentation, this focuses on unit testing in the open source Joomla project. The slides wrap around two demonstrations that cannot be included here.
TDD style proved itself as very reliable and quick way of business tasks solving with code. But most of examples on trainings and in the internet show how to apply TDD to simple input/output code or interface based dependencies with mocking techniques. What about other areas of application development like database related code? Could it be developed with TDD style? What does TDD bring to developer? I will try to answer these questions in my talk and show on practical examples how helpful TDD is for database code, how it reduces risks and opens the door for refactoring techniques.
One reasonable definition of good design is testability. It is hard to imagine a software system that is both testable and poorly designed. It is also hard to imagine a software system that is well designed but also untestable.
I'll talk you through how bad design may affect testability. We will learn how to design robust tests which are not just increasing code coverage but are bringing real value to your project.
Finally we will explore the best way to integrate these tests to your continuous integration environment so they will be acting as top class guards against sloppy commits.
Keywords : design principles, unit tests, integration tests, stress tests, java, spring, junit @Rule, junit @Category, @RunWith, @Parameters, surefire, maven, jenkins, quality metrics, selenium , tdd, mocks, stubs, etc...
The document discusses how the speaker's team at Playtika tests their code at different levels, from unit to integration tests. Small unit tests are run quickly on continuous integration and aim to achieve high code quality. Medium tests are also run on CI and test services in slightly more depth. Large integration tests were improved to run faster without Docker and test end-to-end scenarios. The team aims to continue improving testing by running more tests automatically and gathering better test results.
Test Driven Development - Phương pháp phát triển phần mềm theo hướng viết test trước.
Áp dụng TDD sẽ đem lại cho bạn thiết kế phần mềm trong sáng hơn và quản lý được chất lượng từng dòng code của mình viết ra.
Bài trình bày của bạn Lê Anh tại Meetup của Ha Noi .NET Group.
Chi tiết vui lòng xem tại: http://tungnt.net
If you had an opportunity to build an application from the ground up, with testability a key design goal, what would you do?
In this presentation, we will look at just such a situation - a major, two year rewrite of a suite of core business systems. We will discuss how a system looks when testability is as important as functionality - and what it looks like when quality concerns are part of the initial design. We will look at the role of test automation and manual test in a modern project, and look at the tools and processes. The session will conclude with a demo of the latest visual test automation tool from MIT and a Q&A.
Just Java2007 - Daniel Wildt - Tools For Java Test AutomationDaniel Wildt
The document discusses tools and techniques for Java test automation, including unit testing, functional testing, test-driven development, continuous integration, and ensuring test quality and coverage. It covers topics like white box and black box testing, mock objects, Selenium for functional tests, JMeter for stress testing, and Emma for code coverage. References and links to tools like JUnit, FitNesse, EasyMock, CheckStyle, and CruiseControl are also provided.
This workshop is designed specially for Queen Mary University of London alumni, in order to teach them TDD.
You will learn: What is TDD, Why and How.
If you want to learn more: https://github.com/MyPitit/TDD
The document discusses strategies for working with legacy code, which is code inherited from previous developers or older versions that often lacks tests and good documentation. It defines legacy code and outlines challenges like poor structure, dependencies, and lack of tests. It then provides approaches for modifying legacy code like identifying what to change and test, breaking dependencies, writing tests, and refactoring code in small, tested increments. Specific tactics are presented like using seams, sprouting methods, and interfaces to break dependencies and allow testing legacy code. The importance of understanding the system and increasing test coverage before making changes is emphasized.
4 Nisan 2015 tarihinde Kadir Has Üniversitesi'nde yapılan 9. Yazılım Teknolojileri Seminer etkinliğinde Eralp Erat'ın yaptığı TDD (Test Driven Design) sunumu
Test-driven development (TDD) is an agile software development process where test cases are developed before code. The TDD process involves writing a test, watching it fail, writing code to pass the test, and refactoring code as needed. TDD encourages dividing work into small pieces and promotes high-quality code by requiring tests to pass before adding new features. While TDD requires more initial time writing tests, it can reduce debugging time and defects in the long run.
This document discusses test-driven development (TDD) and behavior-driven development (BDD). It provides insights into TDD, including that TDD is a design technique rather than just a testing technique, and that tests should be written before code and serve as examples of desired behavior as well as a form of communication. BDD extends this idea by specifying requirements in a way that can be tested, such as through Given/When/Then statements. The document advocates an evolutionary approach to design that simplifies code through iterative changes while passing all tests.
Book review: Working Effectively with Legacy Code, by Michael C. Feathers
Agenda
- The mechanics of change
- Changing software
- Dependency breaking techniques
This session is for developers who need to work on code projects that where written without good unit-testing.
Presentation on the promises and pitfalls of applying Agile in a Quality Management System. How do you get the benefits of agile while maintaining quality and regulatory compliance?
The document provides an overview of reliability metrics, hazard analysis stages, critical systems development techniques, verification and validation processes, types of testing, software inspections, and static analysis. It discusses reliability metrics like availability, probability of failure on demand, and mean time to failure. It also outlines hazard identification, risk analysis, and fault tolerance techniques like fault recovery and fault-tolerant architectures.
Agenda
Requirements
What are requirements?
Classifying the requirements
Characteristics of requirements
Requirements elicitation
Documenting the requirements
Requirements analysis and negotiation
Requirements validation
The document discusses various software failures and errors through case studies such as Disney's Lion King software issue in 1994-1995, the Intel Pentium Floating-Point Division Bug in 1994, the NASA Mars Polar Lander crash in 1999, and the Patriot Missile Defense System failure in 1991. It then covers testing definitions, principles, and the role of testing in the software development lifecycle through topics like requirements testing, ambiguity reviews, and change control tools. The goal of testing is to increase the probability that software will behave correctly under all circumstances by meeting requirements through systematic testing activities.
Yuriy Gaiduchok presented information on quality attributes analysis. The document discusses how to determine important quality attributes for a system before it is built through various approaches like interviews, surveys, scenarios. It describes quality attribute scenarios that consist of a stimulus, source, environment, artifact, response, and response measure. Examples of quality attribute scenarios are provided for modifiability, security, and availability. The document emphasizes that analyzing quality attributes upfront can help avoid issues later and lead to stakeholder satisfaction.
The document discusses various black-box testing techniques. It introduces testing, verification, and validation. It then describes black-box and white-box testing. Various types of testing like unit, integration, functional, system, acceptance, regression, and beta testing are explained. Strategies for writing test cases like equivalence partitioning and boundary value analysis are provided. The document emphasizes the importance of planning testing early in the development process.
The document discusses several software process models, including:
- The waterfall model, which progresses through requirements, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance in a linear fashion. It is easy to understand but inflexible.
- The prototyping model, which builds prototypes to help refine requirements rather than freezing them early. This gets feedback from customers but prototypes may be mistaken for finished products.
- The spiral model, which is iterative and incremental, with each pass through the loop addressing process risks and allowing revisions of previous decisions.
Testing is a process that verifies software or systems meet their requirements and are fit for purpose. It involves planning, preparing, and evaluating components and systems through activities like test planning, design, implementation, execution, and completion. Testing aims to prevent defects, verify requirements are fulfilled, validate stakeholder expectations are met, build confidence in quality, and find failures. While testing cannot prove absence of defects, it helps reduce risks and costs when done systematically throughout the development lifecycle. Key principles of testing include that exhaustive testing is impossible, early testing saves time and money, defects cluster together, and testing must be tailored to its context.
This document discusses requirements validation and techniques for validating requirements. It defines requirements validation as checking that requirements define the system the customer wants. Validation is important because fixing requirements errors later is very costly. The document describes various checks that can be performed on requirements like validity, consistency, completeness, and verifiability. It also outlines techniques for validation like requirements reviews, prototyping, and test-case generation. Finally, it notes that validating requirements is difficult and some problems may still be found after validation.
Jeremiah Yancy | Skills and techniques of the Systems AnalystJeremiah Yancy
Jeremiah Yancy's success in the business world has allowed him to concentrate on philanthropic work. Jeremiah Yancy's success in the business world has allowed him to concentrate on philanthropic work.
Vibrant Technologies is headquarted in Mumbai,India.We are the best Shell Scripting training provider in Navi Mumbai who provides Live Projects to students.We provide Corporate Training also.We are Best Shell Scripting classes in Mumbai according to our students and corporators
The document discusses requirements gathering and analysis. It describes how requirements elicitation is difficult due to problems of scope, understanding, and volatility. It emphasizes the importance of requirement gathering and states that requirement analysis may be error-prone. Various techniques for requirements elicitation and analysis are discussed, including interviews, prototypes, quality function deployment, and system modeling. The goals of requirements specification and characteristics of a good SRS are also outlined.
Software testing is an investigation conducted to provide stakeholders with information about the quality of the product or service under test.
Software testing can also provide an objective, independent view of the software to allow the business to appreciate and understand the risks of software implementation.
Why is Software Testing Important to a business?
Software testing is a process to determine the quality of the software developed by a developer or programmer. It is a methodological study intended to evaluate the quality-related information of the product. Understanding of the important features and advantages of software testing helps businesses in their day-to-day activities.
Testing can be done in two ways, manual testing and automated testing. Manual software testing is done by human testers, who manually check the code and report bugs in it. In case of automated testing, testing is performed by a computer using software such as WinRunner, LoadRunner, etc.
This document discusses software quality, including defining quality, achieving it through processes and tools, and assuring it through testing and metrics. It outlines preventing and finding defects, and the relationship between people, processes, and tools. Quality is achieved through standards, methods, and preventing defects, while being assured through reviews, testing, and metrics programs. Defects are defined and categorized, and processes for finding, removing, and preventing them are described.
1. The document discusses various types of software testing including unit testing, integration testing, system testing, and acceptance testing. It explains that unit testing focuses on individual program units in isolation while integration testing tests modules assembled into subsystems.
2. The document then provides examples of different integration testing strategies like incremental, bottom-up, top-down, and discusses regression testing. It also defines smoke testing and explains its purpose in integration, system and acceptance testing levels.
3. Finally, the document emphasizes the importance of system and acceptance testing to verify functional and non-functional requirements and ensure the system can operate as intended in a real environment.
This document discusses verification and validation techniques for software quality assurance. It begins by defining verification as ensuring software is built correctly according to specifications, while validation ensures the right product is being built to meet user needs. Several verification techniques are covered, including walkthroughs, inspections, static analysis using symbol tables and control flow graphs, and symbolic execution using symbolic values. The goals of verification and validation are to establish confidence in a software product's fitness for purpose.
Unit Testing contains Concept of Unit Testing, Static Unit Testing, Dynamic Unit Testing, steps for Static Unit Testing, Test Driver, Stub, selection of Data for Unit Testing, etc...
Unit testing refers to testing individual units or components of a software application in isolation from the rest of the application. It is the first level of testing and is conducted by developers to test that each unit functions as intended. There are two main types of unit testing: static unit testing, which involves manually reviewing code for errors, and dynamic unit testing, which involves executing code with test data and validating the outputs. Unit testing helps find errors early before integration and helps localize errors to specific units for easier fixing.
This document discusses continuous performance testing (CPT) and introduces the Jagger CPT solution. It provides an overview of why performance testing is important, outlines the principles and goals of CPT, and describes the key parts of the Jagger CPT platform including load generation, metrics collection, test data management, and environment management. It also provides an example customer success story where Jagger was used for continuous performance testing of a large ecommerce site.
Мощь переполняет с JDI 2.0 - новая эра UI автоматизацииSQALab
This document provides an overview of the JDI (Java UI test automation framework). It discusses features of JDI including being UI element oriented, providing common UI elements and solutions to common problems. It provides examples of how to write tests using JDI annotations and page object pattern. The document also summarizes benefits of JDI such as reducing test code, improving test clarity, reuse across projects. Finally it outlines new features planned for JDI 2.0 including layout verification, page object generator, integration with Selenium and expanding JDI to other languages like Python.
The document discusses testing of geolocation systems. It provides an overview of geolocation, including definitions and importance. It then outlines the speaker's experience and work testing GIS systems. The rest of the document details approaches to testing geolocation, including simulating calls, checking responses and databases, and verifying accuracy. It also discusses common data formats, projections, tools like PostGIS and QGIS, and potential bugs to watch for like coordinate jumbling. The conclusion emphasizes starting simple, practicing to improve, and for tests to grow with knowledge as geolocation is important for future IT.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
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3. Относительная стоимость исправления
багов
3
Phase in Which Found Cost Ratio
Requirements 1
Design 3-6
Coding 10
Unit/Integration Testing 15-40
System/Acceptance Testing 30-70
Production 40-1000
4. Требования. Определения
4
Требования – это спецификация того, что
должно быть реализовано.
Требования описывают то, что
необходимо реализовать, без детализации
технической стороны решения
Что, а не как
5. Почему проекты не всегда успешны?
5
Требования и спецификации неполны
Требования и спецификации слишком часто
изменяются.
При составлении требований мнение
пользователей слабо учитывалось.
9. Прослеживаемость требований
9
User Functional Design Code Test
Require Requirement Element Module Case
ment
UC-28 catalog.query.sort Class catalog.sort() search.7
catalog search.8
UC-29 catalog.query. Class catalog. search.12
import catalog import() search.13
catalog. search.14
validate()
Changes are not so dangerous
when you can manage them
11. Процесс тестирования требований
11
1. Validate requirements against objectives
2. Apply scenarios against requirements
3. Perform initial ambiguity review
4. Perform domain expert reviews
5. Create cause-effect graph
6. Logical consistency check by RBT Tool
7. Review of test cases by specification writers
8. Review of test cases by users
9. Review of test cases by developers
10. Walk test cases through design
11. Walk test cases through code
12. Execute test cases against code
13. Review: Участники
13
Автор работы
Автор(ы) предшествующих документов
Те, кто впоследствии будут использовать
данный документ в своей работе
Те, кто отвечают за уже существующие
продукты, которые должны будут
взаимодействовать с проектируемым
14. Review: Роли
14
Author
Moderator
Reader
Recorder
17. Ambiguity Review
17
это проверка требований, чтобы убедиться в
том, что они написаны ясным, четким и
недвусмысленным образом.
осуществляется до анализа требований
экспертом в предметной области.
18. Ambiguity review check list
18
The dangling Else Built-in assumptions
Ambiguity of reference Ambiguous precedence
Scope of action relationships
Omissions Implicit cases
Ambiguous logical Etc.
operators I.E. versus E.G.
Negation Temporal ambiguity
Ambiguous statements Boundary Ambiguity
Random organization
19. Неоднозначные термины
19
acceptable, adequate
as much as practicable
at least, at a minimum, not more than, not to exceed
between
depends on
efficient
fast, rapid
flexible
20. Неоднозначные термины
20
improved, better, faster, superior
including, including but not limited to, and so
on, etc., such as
maximize, minimize, optimize
normally, ideally
optionally
reasonable, when necessary, where appropriate
22. Ambiguity Review : Example
22
V.1 The expert system should be able to recognize and
identify potential critical situations.
It is not
Unambiguous, Complete, Correct, Feasible
• What does it mean “potential critical
situations”?
• How can this be done?
• How can the system recognize and identify
critical situations?
It’s unverifiable.
23. Ambiguity Review : Example
23
V.2 The expert system should keep a history of the
V.2 The history of the
values that itit is reading at specific time intervals.the
values that is reading at specific time intervals. If If
values has has risen considerably without any obvious
the values risen considerably without any obvious
reason during the last ten measurements, the expert
reason during the the expert
system will inform it.
system will inform it.
• What values should be gathered by the system?
• How deep should be the history?
• What does “specific time interval” mean exactly?
• What is “risen considerably”?
• What is “obvious reason”?
• Will? The word “will” identifies an ambiguity called a “Dangling Else”.
The sentence with “will” in it tells us what is normally expected to
happen
• It? Whom exactly and in what form?
24. Ambiguity Review : Example
24
V.3 The expert system should keep monthly history of the
pressure and temperature, that are read every 60 seconds.
The values and time of the measurement should to be
stored in DB. If pressure has risen on more then 10 pts
and variation of temperature is less then 3 pts, then the
IPC system should display to the operator message
“Warning: critical rising of pressure” and produce alarm
signal. The warning message should be displayed until an
operator presses button “close” (Sketch
Warning.CritialPressure)
25. Problems in requirements
25
The most of the configuration settings of IPS IPS system
The most of the configuration settings of system shall
be easily upgradeable in future versions versions
shall be easily upgradeable in future
It is ambiguous: How could we determine that it is
“easily”
It’s incomplete:
What do “upgradeable” mean? How (in what way) should it be done?
Which exactly settings do “the most of configuration settings”
include?
In what number of version this functionality will be necessary?
It’s unverifiable.
26. Problems in requirements
26
The IPC system should not allow an operator functions
The IPC system should not allow an operator functions,
,the consequences of which might be disastrous.
the consequences of which might be disastrous.
It’s incomplete and unverifiable:
What does “disastrous” mean?
“may be” is very fuzzy, “may be” but “may be not”. How
can be verified the functions the results of which might
be disastrous?
What does “should not allow” mean? Someone can
assume that buttons for some functions will be
disabled, another - that an operator will not see such
functions, another one that the IPC system should
produce alarm message.
27. Some more bugs
27
Simplify the installation as much as possible by
including dependencies in our installer where it is
possible and makes sense.
Follow standard Linux installations concepts where
possible.
Provide a suitable installation package for each
support operating system.
28. Тестирование требований: Базовые подходы
28
1. Context free questions
2. Writing test cases
3. Models, Diagrams
Use-Case Diagram
Data Flow Diagram
Entity Relationships Diagram
State-Transition Diagram
Activity diagram
Class diagram
Decision Tables and Decision Trees
29. Определите критерии приема
продукта
29
Спросите пользователей, как они будут
определять, отвечает ли ли продукт их
потребностям и подходит ли для
использования.
Основывайте приемо-сдаточное тестирование
на сценариях использования
30. Симптомы проблем с требованиями
30
Перерасход бюджета
Срыв сроков
Продукт не удовлетворяет заказчика
Постоянные переписывания кода
Демотивация команды
Упущенная рыночная ниша
Неприятие продукта рынком
31. Преимущества качественных
требований
31
Уменьшение затрат на переделки
Меньше ненужного кода
Более быстрая разработка
Уменьшение хаоса в проекте
Довольные заказчики и команда
34. Cause-Effect graph
34
The error message shall appear when the
measurement on operator demand is not done, and
there are problems with network or invalid sensor ID
Cause
A - when the measurement on operator demand is not done
B - there are problems with network
C - or invalid sensor ID
Effect
E - The error message shall appear
37. Check List Example for Review
(focused on Correctness)
37
Do any requirements conflict with or duplicate other
requirements?
Is each requirement written in clear, concise, and
unambiguous language?
Is each requirement verifiable by
testing, demonstration, review, or analysis?
Is each requirement in scope for the project?
Is each requirement free from content and grammatical
errors?
Can all the requirements be implemented within known
constraints?
Are all specified error messages unique and meaningful?
Editor's Notes
1. Validate requirements against objectives. Compare the objectives, which describe why the project is being initiated, to the requirements, which describe what is to be delivered. The objectives define the success criteria for the project. If the what does not match the why, then the objectives cannot be met, and the project will not succeed. If any of the requirements do not achieve the objectives, then they do not belong in the project scope.2. Apply scenarios against requirements. Apply scenarios against requirements. A scenario is a task oriented users’ view of the system. The individual requirements, taken together, must be capable of satisfying any scenario; otherwise the requirements are incomplete.3. Perform an initial ambiguity review. An ambiguity review is a technique for identifying and eliminating ambiguous words, phrases, and constructs. It is not a review of the content of the requirements. The ambiguity review produces a higher quality set of requirements for review by the rest of the project team.4. Perform domain expert reviews. The domain experts review the requirements for correctness and completeness.5. Create Cause-Effect Graph. The requirements are translated into a Cause-Effect Graph, which provides the following benefits:o It resolves any problems with aliases (i.e., using different terms for the same cause or effect).o It clarifies the precedence rules among the requirements (i.e., what causes are required to satisfy what effects).o It clarifies implicit information, making it explicit and understandable to all members of the project team.o It begins the process of integration testing. The code modules eventually must integrate with each other. If the requirements that describe these modules cannot integrate, then the code modules cannot be expected to integrate. The cause-effect graph shows the integration of the causes and effects.o Cause-Effect Graphs may look intimidating on the surface. They would appear to need someone with a formal logic background or electricalengineering background to create them. However, all you need to know to build them is the definition of “AND”, “OR”, and “NOT”. If you are in thesoftware profession and unsure of these three terms then it is time for a career change.6. Logical consistency checks performed and test cases designed by BenderRBT tool.The tool identifies any logic errors in the cause-effect graph. The output from the tool is a set of test cases that are 100 percent equivalent to the functionality in the requirements.7. Review of test cases by requirements authors. The designed test cases are reviewed by the requirements authors. If there is a problem with a test case, the requirements associated with the test case can be corrected and the test cases redesigned.8. Validate test cases with the users/domain experts. If there is a problem with the test case, the requirements associated with it can be corrected and the test case redesigned. The users/domain experts obtain a better understanding of what the deliverable system will be like. From a Capability Maturity Model® IntegrationSM (CMMISM) perspective, you are validating that you are building the right system.9. Review of test cases by developers. The test cases are also reviewed by the developers. By doing so, the developers understand what they are going to be tested on, and obtain a better understanding of what they are to deliver so they can deliver for success.10. Use test cases in design review. The test cases restate the requirements as a series of causes and effects. As a result, the test cases can be used to validate that the design is robust enough to satisfy the requirements. If the design cannot meet the requirements, then either the requirements are infeasible or the design needs rework.11. Use test cases in code review. Each code module must deliver a portion of the requirements. The test cases can be used to validate that each code module delivers what is expected.12. Verify code against the test cases derived from requirements. The final step is to build test cases from the logical test cases that have been designed by adding data and navigation to them, and executing them against the code to compare the actual behavior to the expected behavior. Once all of the test cases execute successfully against the code, then it can be said that 100 percent of the functionality has beenverified and the code is ready to be delivered into production. From a CMMI perspective, you have verified that you are building the system right.
The document conforms to the standard template.The document has been spell-checked.The author has visually examined the document for any layout errors.Any predecessor or reference documents that the inspectors will require to examine the document are available.Line numbers are printed on the document to facilitate referring to specific locations during the inspection meeting.All open issues are marked as TBD (to be determined).The moderator didn't find more than three major defects in a ten-minute examination of a representative sample of the document.___All issues raised during the review have been addressed.Any changes made in the document and related work products were made correctly.The revised document has been spell-checked.All TBDs have been resolved, or each TBD's resolution process, target date, and owner has been documented.The document has been checked into the project's configuration management system
Intelligent Process Control (IPC) System for the board production technological process, based on the expert system