This document outlines a training course on medical imaging technology for state registered nurses. It introduces key concepts in the field, including a brief history of medical imaging from X-rays to modern modalities like CT and MRI scans. It defines common terminology, describes different diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, and discusses ionizing radiation, its medical uses, and importance of radiation safety. The goal is for nurses to gain basic knowledge of medical imaging to improve patient care, especially in emergency and rural settings.
The document provides information about intensive care units (ICUs). It discusses how ICUs differ from other hospital units through close observation and specialized equipment. The document outlines the types of staff that work in ICUs and the reasons why patients are admitted. It also describes different types of ICUs like neonatal ICUs, pediatric ICUs, and cardiac ICUs. The document discusses ICU design, planning, equipment, and staffing needs. It provides details on the costs associated with operating an ICU and challenges with ICU care in India.
Vaccination is essential for preventing the spread of infections from healthcare workers to patients. The document recommends routine vaccinations for hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, varicella and COVID-19. It provides vaccination schedules, effectiveness and contraindications for each. Additional vaccinations for meningitis, typhoid and polio are recommended for those at higher risk of exposure. Successful implementation requires education, organized campaigns, free vaccines, and annual review of vaccination records for all healthcare workers.
The document discusses ambulatory care nursing. It defines ambulatory care as same-day medical procedures performed on an outpatient basis. It describes characteristics of ambulatory nursing including nursing autonomy, client advocacy, and health promotion. It also outlines conceptual models for ambulatory care including clinical, levels of prevention, and primary health care models. It discusses ambulatory care settings, the role of nurses, and trends in ambulatory care moving towards wellness, primary care, and integrated health systems.
Intensive care units experience high rates of infection due to patients having more comorbidities and invasive devices, with ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections being common; infection control strategies like hand hygiene, isolation precautions, environmental cleaning, and surveillance are effective at reducing the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens in ICUs and improving patient outcomes. Surveillance of device-associated infection rates and antimicrobial resistance patterns is important for guiding infection control efforts and antimicrobial stewardship in the ICU.
The document discusses various surgical patient positioning techniques and their physiological effects. It describes positions such as supine, lithotomy, lateral, prone, Trendelenburg's, and sitting. Positioning must balance exposure for surgery with risks like nerve injury and hypotension. Careful positioning and monitoring are important to prevent complications.
This document outlines an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) and provides guidance on its implementation. It discusses the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance globally and in India. The goals of an ASP are to combat resistance, improve patient outcomes, safety and reduce costs. Key elements include establishing a multidisciplinary team, conducting surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance patterns, implementing guidelines and formulary restrictions, and optimizing antibiotic use through interventions like automatic substitution and de-escalation of therapy. Barriers to ASP include lack of infrastructure, data and clinician knowledge. Laboratories play an important role through rapid diagnostics and susceptibility testing to guide appropriate empirical therapy.
Operation Theatre Technician: Skills, Job Role and CareerNehaNaayar
With advanced technological development in medical science and an increase in public demand, modern surgical procedures are becoming more complex and expensive. Generally, in mid-size to larger hospitals, 50% of beds are allocated to the surgical department, surgical facilities can sometimes only be an option, and serves as a central life-saving activity. The operation or surgical procedures success and failures not only influences the hospital reputation but also impacts its operations and sustainability.
The document provides information about intensive care units (ICUs). It discusses how ICUs differ from other hospital units through close observation and specialized equipment. The document outlines the types of staff that work in ICUs and the reasons why patients are admitted. It also describes different types of ICUs like neonatal ICUs, pediatric ICUs, and cardiac ICUs. The document discusses ICU design, planning, equipment, and staffing needs. It provides details on the costs associated with operating an ICU and challenges with ICU care in India.
Vaccination is essential for preventing the spread of infections from healthcare workers to patients. The document recommends routine vaccinations for hepatitis B, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, pertussis, varicella and COVID-19. It provides vaccination schedules, effectiveness and contraindications for each. Additional vaccinations for meningitis, typhoid and polio are recommended for those at higher risk of exposure. Successful implementation requires education, organized campaigns, free vaccines, and annual review of vaccination records for all healthcare workers.
The document discusses ambulatory care nursing. It defines ambulatory care as same-day medical procedures performed on an outpatient basis. It describes characteristics of ambulatory nursing including nursing autonomy, client advocacy, and health promotion. It also outlines conceptual models for ambulatory care including clinical, levels of prevention, and primary health care models. It discusses ambulatory care settings, the role of nurses, and trends in ambulatory care moving towards wellness, primary care, and integrated health systems.
Intensive care units experience high rates of infection due to patients having more comorbidities and invasive devices, with ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections being common; infection control strategies like hand hygiene, isolation precautions, environmental cleaning, and surveillance are effective at reducing the transmission of multidrug-resistant pathogens in ICUs and improving patient outcomes. Surveillance of device-associated infection rates and antimicrobial resistance patterns is important for guiding infection control efforts and antimicrobial stewardship in the ICU.
The document discusses various surgical patient positioning techniques and their physiological effects. It describes positions such as supine, lithotomy, lateral, prone, Trendelenburg's, and sitting. Positioning must balance exposure for surgery with risks like nerve injury and hypotension. Careful positioning and monitoring are important to prevent complications.
This document outlines an Antibiotic Stewardship Program (ASP) and provides guidance on its implementation. It discusses the rising threat of antimicrobial resistance globally and in India. The goals of an ASP are to combat resistance, improve patient outcomes, safety and reduce costs. Key elements include establishing a multidisciplinary team, conducting surveillance of antibiotic use and resistance patterns, implementing guidelines and formulary restrictions, and optimizing antibiotic use through interventions like automatic substitution and de-escalation of therapy. Barriers to ASP include lack of infrastructure, data and clinician knowledge. Laboratories play an important role through rapid diagnostics and susceptibility testing to guide appropriate empirical therapy.
Operation Theatre Technician: Skills, Job Role and CareerNehaNaayar
With advanced technological development in medical science and an increase in public demand, modern surgical procedures are becoming more complex and expensive. Generally, in mid-size to larger hospitals, 50% of beds are allocated to the surgical department, surgical facilities can sometimes only be an option, and serves as a central life-saving activity. The operation or surgical procedures success and failures not only influences the hospital reputation but also impacts its operations and sustainability.
The document discusses the design and planning of intensive care units (ICUs). It defines ICUs as specialized nursing units for critically ill patients requiring constant monitoring and care. The document outlines different types of ICUs and discusses factors to consider when planning an ICU, including size, location, patient room layout, nursing station, utilities, storage, and mechanical/electrical systems. Proper ICU design aims to allow for direct observation of patients, efficient use of equipment and procedures, and recording of patient information.
Surveillance of healthcare associated infectionsTHL
This document discusses the role of nurses in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance in Finland. It describes how HAI surveillance is conducted nationally through several programs coordinated by the Finnish Hospital Infection Program. Nurses, particularly infection control nurses, play a key role in HAI data collection, reporting, and feedback. They work with link nurses and other staff to identify HAI cases using standardized protocols. The data are used to monitor HAI rates and prevent infections by informing guidelines. Nurses receive training to build their competencies in infection control and HAI surveillance.
Module 1.4 Infection Prevention & ControlHannah Nelson
The document discusses infection prevention and control in intensive care units. It outlines the importance of infection control, the pillars of infection control including isolation, decontamination, prudent antibiotic use and hand hygiene. It describes the hospital infection control program and roles. Key infection control principles are universal practices, methods like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, decontamination and cleaning. Needlestick injury prevention and the importance of proper sharps disposal are also covered.
The document summarizes guidelines from the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee from 2007 on preventing the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. It outlines two tiers of precautions: standard precautions that should be used for all patient contact, and transmission-based precautions that are used in addition for certain infectious diseases. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. Transmission-based precautions include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions used for diseases spread by direct contact, large respiratory droplets, or airborne transmission, respectively.
The document discusses hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections. It defines nosocomial infections as infections acquired during or after hospitalization. It discusses the epidemiological interaction between host factors, infectious agents, and the hospital environment. It also summarizes common bacterial, viral, and fungal agents that cause nosocomial infections and how they are transmitted. Prevention and control methods like isolation precautions, hand hygiene, and surveillance programs are also outlined.
This document discusses hospital acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections. Some key points:
- HAIs affect around 2 million people in the US each year, resulting in about 90,000 deaths.
- Common types of HAIs include urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and surgical site infections.
- HAIs increase mortality, morbidity, and hospital length of stay.
- The chain of infection involves an infectious agent, reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of entry/exit, and susceptible host. Breaking any link can prevent infection.
- Strict hand hygiene, isolation precautions, and antibiotic stewardship are essential to control and prevent HAIs.
The document discusses the expanded and extended roles of nurses beyond traditional hospital settings. It outlines several non-traditional nursing roles including school nurse, occupational health nurse, home care nurse, hospice nurse, rehabilitation nurse, nurse epidemiologist, military nurse, aerospace nurse, tele nurse, disaster nurse, and forensic nurse. These roles allow nurses to provide care in schools, workplaces, private homes, hospice facilities, during disasters, and in other environments outside of hospitals. The expanded roles represent an enlargement of nursing practice and responsibilities.
A Review Of Verbal Order Policies In Acute Care HospitalsDaniel Wachtel
This document summarizes a study that analyzed verbal order policies from 40 acute care hospitals. The study found substantial differences across hospitals in who is authorized to give and receive verbal orders, as well as the time allowed for prescribers to sign orders. Few hospitals required processes to verify the identity of those placing telephone orders or ensure reliable communication. The study concludes hospitals should carefully review their verbal order policies to ensure consistency and optimize patient safety.
The intensive care unit (ICU) provides intensive treatment for critically ill patients. Common equipment in the ICU includes ventilators, cardiac monitors, IV lines, and other advanced medical equipment and resources not found elsewhere in the hospital. ICUs are staffed by highly trained doctors and nurses who care for patients with severe illnesses or injuries requiring close monitoring. Specialty ICUs exist for neonatal care, pediatrics, cardiac patients, neurological patients, and more. Quality ICU care is associated with lower mortality rates and recommended nurse-to-patient ratios are lower than standard hospital floors. ICU treatment is an expensive service that accounts for a high percentage of hospital costs.
This document discusses various types of healthcare settings and nursing roles. It begins by defining different care settings including ambulatory care, acute and critical care, home health care, and long-term care. It then discusses patients and the etymology of the word "patient." Various nursing roles are mentioned like direct caregivers, educators, managers, and researchers. Specific settings for critical and ambulatory care nursing are explored like hospitals, clinics, and community programs. Key aspects of critical care nursing practice and ethics are summarized.
(1) Hospital administrators face many challenges from various groups including business leaders, physicians, professional organizations, academics, and labor groups. (2) They will need to bring more professionalism and decentralization to decision making to operate strategically and fundraise from patients rather than trustees and shareholders. (3) Administrators now also face the challenge of making hospitals more environmentally friendly to avoid legal or customer backlash, as environmental focus increases.
The document discusses the history and development of surgery from prehistoric times to the present. It covers key figures and advances such as the first surgeon anatomist Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century, Ambroise Pare being considered the father of modern surgery, and John Hunter founding surgical pathology. The document also outlines the purposes and types of surgery as well as common abdominal incisions and the organization and layout of operating theaters. It provides principles for planning the physical layout of operating rooms and discusses perioperative patient care from the preoperative to intraoperative to postoperative phases.
Bio medical equipment maintenance & managementGm Kanhar
This thesis covers the maintenance and management issues of the medical equipment. The case study briefly describes the maintenance issues of Bio-medical equipments
This document discusses principles of operating theatre sterility and traffic flow. It describes the different zones of an operating theatre complex from the outer unrestricted zone to the sterile core. Strict adherence to sterile technique is required, including proper attire, scrubbing, gowning and gloving procedures. Microbiological monitoring and sterilization methods like formaldehyde fumigation help maintain sterility. A surgical safety checklist is also outlined.
This document discusses infections associated with patients in intensive care units (ICUs). It notes that ICU patients are at high risk for infections due to their critical illness and invasive treatments like ventilators and catheters. Nosocomial infections are a major problem in ICUs, with ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections being most common. The document provides strategies to prevent infections, including strict hand hygiene, prudent antibiotic use, aseptic technique, environmental cleaning, and education. It focuses on preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections through strategies like chlorhexidine skin antisepsis and avoiding unnecessary catheter replacements.
A crash cart or code cart (crash trolley in UK medical jargon) or "MAX cart" is a set of trays/drawers/shelves on wheels used in hospitals for transportation and dispensing of emergency medication/equipment at the site of medical/surgical emergency for life support protocols to potentially save someone's life.
- Approximately 5.6 million healthcare workers are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, HBV, and HCV.
- The document discusses laws and regulations regarding exposure prevention, how exposures occur, diseases of concern like HIV, HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis.
- It emphasizes preventing disease transmission through following exposure control plans, proper use of personal protective equipment, vaccination, and following protocol if an exposure occurs.
Overview of medical imaging, radiology training resource nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
Overview of Medical Imaging (radiology). Historical Evolution of Medical Imaging. Definition of Key Concepts. Division of Medical Imaging. Aspects of Radiation Protection. Medical Imaging Training and research.
The document discusses the design and planning of intensive care units (ICUs). It defines ICUs as specialized nursing units for critically ill patients requiring constant monitoring and care. The document outlines different types of ICUs and discusses factors to consider when planning an ICU, including size, location, patient room layout, nursing station, utilities, storage, and mechanical/electrical systems. Proper ICU design aims to allow for direct observation of patients, efficient use of equipment and procedures, and recording of patient information.
Surveillance of healthcare associated infectionsTHL
This document discusses the role of nurses in healthcare-associated infection (HAI) surveillance in Finland. It describes how HAI surveillance is conducted nationally through several programs coordinated by the Finnish Hospital Infection Program. Nurses, particularly infection control nurses, play a key role in HAI data collection, reporting, and feedback. They work with link nurses and other staff to identify HAI cases using standardized protocols. The data are used to monitor HAI rates and prevent infections by informing guidelines. Nurses receive training to build their competencies in infection control and HAI surveillance.
Module 1.4 Infection Prevention & ControlHannah Nelson
The document discusses infection prevention and control in intensive care units. It outlines the importance of infection control, the pillars of infection control including isolation, decontamination, prudent antibiotic use and hand hygiene. It describes the hospital infection control program and roles. Key infection control principles are universal practices, methods like hand hygiene, personal protective equipment, decontamination and cleaning. Needlestick injury prevention and the importance of proper sharps disposal are also covered.
The document summarizes guidelines from the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee from 2007 on preventing the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings. It outlines two tiers of precautions: standard precautions that should be used for all patient contact, and transmission-based precautions that are used in addition for certain infectious diseases. Standard precautions include hand hygiene and the use of personal protective equipment. Transmission-based precautions include contact, droplet, and airborne precautions used for diseases spread by direct contact, large respiratory droplets, or airborne transmission, respectively.
The document discusses hospital acquired infections, also known as nosocomial infections. It defines nosocomial infections as infections acquired during or after hospitalization. It discusses the epidemiological interaction between host factors, infectious agents, and the hospital environment. It also summarizes common bacterial, viral, and fungal agents that cause nosocomial infections and how they are transmitted. Prevention and control methods like isolation precautions, hand hygiene, and surveillance programs are also outlined.
This document discusses hospital acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections. Some key points:
- HAIs affect around 2 million people in the US each year, resulting in about 90,000 deaths.
- Common types of HAIs include urinary tract infections, respiratory infections, and surgical site infections.
- HAIs increase mortality, morbidity, and hospital length of stay.
- The chain of infection involves an infectious agent, reservoir, mode of transmission, portal of entry/exit, and susceptible host. Breaking any link can prevent infection.
- Strict hand hygiene, isolation precautions, and antibiotic stewardship are essential to control and prevent HAIs.
The document discusses the expanded and extended roles of nurses beyond traditional hospital settings. It outlines several non-traditional nursing roles including school nurse, occupational health nurse, home care nurse, hospice nurse, rehabilitation nurse, nurse epidemiologist, military nurse, aerospace nurse, tele nurse, disaster nurse, and forensic nurse. These roles allow nurses to provide care in schools, workplaces, private homes, hospice facilities, during disasters, and in other environments outside of hospitals. The expanded roles represent an enlargement of nursing practice and responsibilities.
A Review Of Verbal Order Policies In Acute Care HospitalsDaniel Wachtel
This document summarizes a study that analyzed verbal order policies from 40 acute care hospitals. The study found substantial differences across hospitals in who is authorized to give and receive verbal orders, as well as the time allowed for prescribers to sign orders. Few hospitals required processes to verify the identity of those placing telephone orders or ensure reliable communication. The study concludes hospitals should carefully review their verbal order policies to ensure consistency and optimize patient safety.
The intensive care unit (ICU) provides intensive treatment for critically ill patients. Common equipment in the ICU includes ventilators, cardiac monitors, IV lines, and other advanced medical equipment and resources not found elsewhere in the hospital. ICUs are staffed by highly trained doctors and nurses who care for patients with severe illnesses or injuries requiring close monitoring. Specialty ICUs exist for neonatal care, pediatrics, cardiac patients, neurological patients, and more. Quality ICU care is associated with lower mortality rates and recommended nurse-to-patient ratios are lower than standard hospital floors. ICU treatment is an expensive service that accounts for a high percentage of hospital costs.
This document discusses various types of healthcare settings and nursing roles. It begins by defining different care settings including ambulatory care, acute and critical care, home health care, and long-term care. It then discusses patients and the etymology of the word "patient." Various nursing roles are mentioned like direct caregivers, educators, managers, and researchers. Specific settings for critical and ambulatory care nursing are explored like hospitals, clinics, and community programs. Key aspects of critical care nursing practice and ethics are summarized.
(1) Hospital administrators face many challenges from various groups including business leaders, physicians, professional organizations, academics, and labor groups. (2) They will need to bring more professionalism and decentralization to decision making to operate strategically and fundraise from patients rather than trustees and shareholders. (3) Administrators now also face the challenge of making hospitals more environmentally friendly to avoid legal or customer backlash, as environmental focus increases.
The document discusses the history and development of surgery from prehistoric times to the present. It covers key figures and advances such as the first surgeon anatomist Andreas Vesalius in the 16th century, Ambroise Pare being considered the father of modern surgery, and John Hunter founding surgical pathology. The document also outlines the purposes and types of surgery as well as common abdominal incisions and the organization and layout of operating theaters. It provides principles for planning the physical layout of operating rooms and discusses perioperative patient care from the preoperative to intraoperative to postoperative phases.
Bio medical equipment maintenance & managementGm Kanhar
This thesis covers the maintenance and management issues of the medical equipment. The case study briefly describes the maintenance issues of Bio-medical equipments
This document discusses principles of operating theatre sterility and traffic flow. It describes the different zones of an operating theatre complex from the outer unrestricted zone to the sterile core. Strict adherence to sterile technique is required, including proper attire, scrubbing, gowning and gloving procedures. Microbiological monitoring and sterilization methods like formaldehyde fumigation help maintain sterility. A surgical safety checklist is also outlined.
This document discusses infections associated with patients in intensive care units (ICUs). It notes that ICU patients are at high risk for infections due to their critical illness and invasive treatments like ventilators and catheters. Nosocomial infections are a major problem in ICUs, with ventilator-associated pneumonia, central line-associated bloodstream infections, and catheter-associated urinary tract infections being most common. The document provides strategies to prevent infections, including strict hand hygiene, prudent antibiotic use, aseptic technique, environmental cleaning, and education. It focuses on preventing central line-associated bloodstream infections through strategies like chlorhexidine skin antisepsis and avoiding unnecessary catheter replacements.
A crash cart or code cart (crash trolley in UK medical jargon) or "MAX cart" is a set of trays/drawers/shelves on wheels used in hospitals for transportation and dispensing of emergency medication/equipment at the site of medical/surgical emergency for life support protocols to potentially save someone's life.
- Approximately 5.6 million healthcare workers are at risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens like HIV, HBV, and HCV.
- The document discusses laws and regulations regarding exposure prevention, how exposures occur, diseases of concern like HIV, HBV, HCV, and tuberculosis.
- It emphasizes preventing disease transmission through following exposure control plans, proper use of personal protective equipment, vaccination, and following protocol if an exposure occurs.
Overview of medical imaging, radiology training resource nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
Overview of Medical Imaging (radiology). Historical Evolution of Medical Imaging. Definition of Key Concepts. Division of Medical Imaging. Aspects of Radiation Protection. Medical Imaging Training and research.
Assessing Radiation Protection Knowledge In Diagnostic Radiography In The Rep...Sheila Sinclair
This study assessed the radiation protection knowledge of radiographers in Cyprus through a questionnaire survey.
The results showed that radiographers had very good overall knowledge of radiation protection, but there is still room for improvement in some specific areas like dose limits and informing patients about radiation risks. Work experience, workplace, and type of license held affected participants' knowledge.
The study highlights the importance of ongoing education for radiographers about national radiation protection legislation and linking this knowledge to practice, in order to minimize unnecessary radiation exposure for patients and medical staff.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in radiation protection and safety in radiotherapy. It discusses international consensus on radiation safety standards set by organizations like the IAEA and UNSCEAR. The document defines different types of radiation exposure like normal, potential, occupational, medical, and public exposures. It also introduces important quantities and units used in radiation protection like activity and absorbed dose. The overall aim is to familiarize students with basic principles of radiation protection and safety.
This document provides an overview of radiation hazards and protection. It begins with definitions of key terms like ionizing radiation and discusses natural and man-made radiation sources. It then examines the biological effects of radiation like deterministic and stochastic effects. Radiation-induced cellular damage and cancer development is explained. Factors affecting radiosensitivity and the relationships between dose and effects are also summarized. Throughout, simple language is used to make radiation concepts accessible to non-experts while still conveying essential scientific information about radiation hazards and safety.
This document provides an overview of a training module on medical imaging technology for nurses. It outlines the objectives of demonstrating various radiologic equipment and educating on radiation safety. The bulk of the document consists of over 50 pictures with captions labeling different equipment used in diagnostic radiology, therapeutic radiology, ultrasound, CT, MRI, nuclear medicine, radiotherapy, and fluoroscopy. It discusses equipment components, use, and safety issues including radiation protection practices. The presentation concludes by announcing the next module will cover conventional radiography.
QUESTIONS & ANSWERS FOR QUALITY ASSURANCE, RADIATIONBIOLOGY& RADIATION HAZARD...Ganesan Yogananthem
Dear B.Sc MIT Students,
Attached is an essential document featuring comprehensive Questions & Answers for Quality Assurance, Radiation Biology, and Radiation Hazards. We encourage you to utilize this resource to deepen your understanding and excel in your studies. Wishing you all the success in your academic endeavors and future careers.
Best regards,
X ray of the upper limbs radiology raining resource nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
X-Ray of the Upper Limbs. The Shoulder Girdles, Shoulder Joints, The Humerus, Elbow Joint, the Forearm, the Wrist and the hand. Indications and Radiographic Findings
BMRIT stands for Bachelor of Medical Radiologic & Imaging Technology. Radiology and Imaging Technology involves the methods and processes used to take internal pictures of the human body parts/ organs, and capacities thereof, for clinical purposes, such as investigation of the body’s normal anatomy and physiology.
Unveiling the Wonders of Radiologic Technology: A Comprehensive Explorationgreendigital
Introduction:
Radiologic technology has become a cornerstone in modern healthcare, revolutionizing diagnostics and treatment. This comprehensive exploration will delve into the intricate world of radiologic technology, unraveling its history, evolution, current state, and prospects. From the discovery of X-rays to cutting-edge imaging techniques. this article aims to shed light on the pivotal role of radiologic technology in medicine.
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I. The Genesis of Radiologic Technology:
A. The Discovery of X-Rays:
The journey of radiologic technology began with the groundbreaking discovery of X-rays by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen in 1895. This serendipitous revelation marked the dawn of a new era in medicine. enabling physicians to visualize the internal structures of the human body without invasive procedures.
B. The Early Years of Radiography:
The initial years saw rapid developments in radiography. with pioneers like Marie Curie contributing to the understanding of radiation properties. As radiologic technology gained momentum, its applications diversified. ranging from fracture detection to identifying internal organ abnormalities.
II. Evolution of Radiologic Technology:
A. Fluoroscopy and Contrast Agents:
The advent of fluoroscopy in the early 20th Century allowed real-time imaging of dynamic processes within the body. Coupled with the introduction of contrast agents, radiologists gained enhanced visibility of blood vessels and soft tissues. opening new avenues for diagnosis and intervention.
B. Computed Tomography (CT) Scan:
The 1970s seen the birth of computed tomography. a revolutionary imaging technique that provided cross-sectional body views. The marriage of X-ray technology and computer processing paved the way for three-dimensional reconstructions. offering unparalleled insights into anatomical structures.
C. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI):
In the quest for non-ionizing imaging modalities, MRI emerged as a game-changer. By harnessing the principles of magnetic fields and radio waves. MRI enables detailed visualization of soft tissues. making it indispensable for neurological and musculoskeletal diagnoses.
D. Nuclear Medicine and Positron Emission Tomography (PET):
The fusion of nuclear medicine with radiologic technology led to the development of PET scans. This modality, relying on detecting positron-emitting radiotracers, became pivotal in oncology and neuroscience. providing functional information alongside anatomical details.
III. Radiologic Technology in the 21st Century:
A. Digital Radiography and PACS:
The transition from traditional film-based radiography to digital systems marked a significant leap in efficiency and accessibility. Picture Archiving and Communication Systems (PACS) streamlined image storage and retrieval. fostering collaboration and remote diagnostics.
B. Interventional Radiology:
Radiologic technology expanded beyond diagnostics into therapeutic realms with the evolution of
X-Ray of the Dorso-Lumbar Spine. Skeletal Anatomy and Pathologies. Radiographic Findings on Lumbo-Sacral Spine and Dorsal Spine. Radiographic Projections. Pediatric and Adult SPinal Disorder. Radiology Useful Training Resource for Medics and Paramedics
Radiation Protection in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, MDIRT Nchanj...Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
The document provides an overview of radiation protection in diagnostic radiology from materials from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). It discusses key topics including the definition of medical exposure, justification of medical exposures, optimization of protection, diagnostic reference levels, and effective doses. Examples of diagnostic reference levels are provided for various radiographic and CT examinations for adults as well as for mammography. The document emphasizes that diagnostic reference levels are not dose limits but are intended to provide guidance and indicate levels where doses should be reviewed.
This document provides an overview of various radiologic equipment used in diagnostic and therapeutic radiology. It describes different types of equipment like x-ray machines, mammography machines, ultrasound machines, CT scanners, MRI scanners, nuclear medicine equipment, and radiotherapy machines. For each type of equipment, it provides brief details about their use, radiation type, applicable procedures, and importance of radiation safety. The document contains pictorial illustrations of various radiologic equipment with explanatory captions.
1. Medical imaging techniques like X-rays, ultrasounds, and MRI have advanced significantly since the early days of diagnosis through post-mortem examination alone. Modern imaging provides clearer views of patients' conditions to better plan and deliver treatment.
2. This unit introduces learners to established medical physics techniques like X-rays, ultrasounds, and the more complex principles of MRI. It aims to deliver foundational knowledge of these techniques and introduce radiation safety.
3. Assessment activities evaluate learners' understanding of topics like atomic structure, ionizing radiation, radiopharmaceuticals, MRI principles, and the importance of radiation safety in radiotherapy.
This document provides an overview of a training module on medical imaging techniques for paramedics. The module focuses on general radiography principles, including terminology, the radiographic system, and plain radiography of the musculoskeletal system. Learners will recognize abnormal radiographic findings and learn about radiation protection. The course aims to help paramedics understand medical imaging to aid in diagnosis and patient care.
Adverse reactions and management of contrast reactions Ashim Budhathoki
The document provides information on contrast media used in medical imaging. It begins with acknowledging those who helped with the project. It then discusses the objectives of the study which are to define contrast media, explain types and reactions, and responsibilities during contrast studies. The document classifies contrast media as positive or negative. Positive contrast media make structures appear brighter on images while negative contrast media make structures appear darker. It provides details on various contrast agents used for different medical imaging modalities like CT, MRI, ultrasound and their routes of administration.
Risk and management involed in radiographic imaging in cbc dental clinicManjongLeonardN
This document discusses radiation safety in dental x-rays. It presents the risks of radiation exposure including cancer and genetic effects. It notes limitations of the dental x-ray room like lack of lead walls and thyroid shields. The objectives are to make staff conscious of radiation risks and prevent unnecessary patient exposures. Sources of exposure, effects of radiation like deterministic and stochastic effects, and responsibilities of dental personnel to justify exposures and follow radiation protection principles are covered.
Current literature on dental radiology was reviewed in order to seek justification for radiological protection of patients in dental radiography, to explore the different factors affecting patient dose and to derive practical guidance on how to achieve radiological protection of patients in dentistry. Individual doses incurred in dental radiology are in general relatively low, however it is generally accepted that there is no safe level of radiation dose and that no matter how low the doses received are, there is a mathematical probability of an effect. Hence appropriate patient protection measures must be instituted to keep the exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). The literature review demonstrated that there is considerable scope for significant dose reductions in dental radiology using the techniques of optimization of protection.
Most dental professionals are not convinced of the need for regulatory control of dental radiography practice. They believe doses are too low to warrant regulatory control and consequently patient protective measures. This study shows that individual doses in dental radiology are relatively low. However, there is no safe level of radiation dose and that no
matter how low the doses received are, there is a
mathematical probability of an effect. Consequently, appropriate patient protection measures must be instituted to keep exposures as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA).
Similar to Srn module 1 overview of medical imaging (20)
Skull x ray and pathologies radiology training resource nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
The Human Skull Anatomy. Skull Injuries. Skull X Ray, Indications, Basic Projections. Pathological Findings on Skull X-ray. Reading Skull radiographs. radiation Protection in Skull radiography
Gestational trophoblastic disease radiology training nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
Molar Gestation. Overview, Types of Molar Pregnancy. Radiologic evaluation of Molar Pregnancy. Ultrasound scan Findings in Gestational Trophoblastic Disease. Radiology Training Resource for Medics and Paramedics
Chest x ray cxr and pathologies radiology training resource nchanji nkeh kenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
Comprehensive Chest X ray. basics of Chest Gross Anatomy. Chest X-ray Projections, Radiographs, Pathologies and Critique of the Chest Radiograph. Chest X-Ray findings among Covid-19 patients
Electrocardiography fundamentals, common cardiovascular diseases, use of ECG in the detection of MI, abnormal bllod electrolyte levels, abnormal rhythms of the heart, tachcardia and bradycardia, prevention of heart diseases, the relevance of sports and exercise, CVD among women and prevention
Understanding cholera, prevalence, causative agent of cholera, risk factors, how to detect cholera, preparation of home made ORS solution, cholera and breast feeding, myths about cholera, diagnosis, and treatment.
Appendicitis and role of ultrasound scan in diagnosis Nchanji Nkeh KenethNchanji Nkeh Keneth
Appendicitis, Understanding its causes, review of abdominopelvic anatomy. epidemiological aspects, signs and symptoms, diagnosis of appendicitis and treatment
Understanding work, the value of work, factors at the job place promoting stress, effects of stress at work, signs of stressed workers, management of work related stress
Uterine Fibroid: Prevalence in women, risk factors, age group most frequently affected, signs and symptoms, physical examination, Ultrasound scan examination, fibroid in pregnancy and complications of uterine fibroids
Understanding the value of Diagnostic Medical Ultrasound Scan in women. MDIRT...Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
The document discusses the value of ultrasound in women's health. It provides an overview of common uses of ultrasound in obstetrics and gynecology, including evaluating pregnancies, detecting fetal abnormalities, and identifying issues like uterine fibroids or cysts. The document also outlines some common pathological conditions that can be seen on ultrasound scans of women, such as ectopic pregnancies, dermoid cysts, and fetal anomalies. Finally, it emphasizes that ultrasound is a safe, widely-used, and important medical imaging tool for evaluating women's health.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Travel vaccination in Manchester offers comprehensive immunization services for individuals planning international trips. Expert healthcare providers administer vaccines tailored to your destination, ensuring you stay protected against various diseases. Conveniently located clinics and flexible appointment options make it easy to get the necessary shots before your journey. Stay healthy and travel with confidence by getting vaccinated in Manchester. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Summer is a time for fun in the sun, but the heat and humidity can also wreak havoc on your skin. From itchy rashes to unwanted pigmentation, several skin conditions become more prevalent during these warmer months.
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Mo...Université de Montréal
“Psychiatry and the Humanities”: An Innovative Course at the University of Montreal Expanding the medical model to embrace the humanities. Link: https://www.psychiatrictimes.com/view/-psychiatry-and-the-humanities-an-innovative-course-at-the-university-of-montreal
Travel Clinic Cardiff: Health Advice for International TravelersNX Healthcare
Travel Clinic Cardiff offers comprehensive travel health services, including vaccinations, travel advice, and preventive care for international travelers. Our expert team ensures you are well-prepared and protected for your journey, providing personalized consultations tailored to your destination. Conveniently located in Cardiff, we help you travel with confidence and peace of mind. Visit us: www.nxhealthcare.co.uk
Histololgy of Female Reproductive System.pptxAyeshaZaid1
Dive into an in-depth exploration of the histological structure of female reproductive system with this comprehensive lecture. Presented by Dr. Ayesha Irfan, Assistant Professor of Anatomy, this presentation covers the Gross anatomy and functional histology of the female reproductive organs. Ideal for students, educators, and anyone interested in medical science, this lecture provides clear explanations, detailed diagrams, and valuable insights into female reproductive system. Enhance your knowledge and understanding of this essential aspect of human biology.
Breast cancer: Post menopausal endocrine therapyDr. Sumit KUMAR
Breast cancer in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) status is a common and complex condition that necessitates a multifaceted approach to management. HR+ breast cancer means that the cancer cells grow in response to hormones such as estrogen and progesterone. This subtype is prevalent among postmenopausal women and typically exhibits a more indolent course compared to other forms of breast cancer, which allows for a variety of treatment options.
Diagnosis and Staging
The diagnosis of HR+ breast cancer begins with clinical evaluation, imaging, and biopsy. Imaging modalities such as mammography, ultrasound, and MRI help in assessing the extent of the disease. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical staining of the biopsy sample confirm the diagnosis and hormone receptor status by identifying the presence of estrogen receptors (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR) on the tumor cells.
Staging involves determining the size of the tumor (T), the involvement of regional lymph nodes (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M). The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system is commonly used. Accurate staging is critical as it guides treatment decisions.
Treatment Options
Endocrine Therapy
Endocrine therapy is the cornerstone of treatment for HR+ breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The primary goal is to reduce the levels of estrogen or block its effects on cancer cells. Commonly used agents include:
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs): Tamoxifen is a SERM that binds to estrogen receptors, blocking estrogen from stimulating breast cancer cells. It is effective but may have side effects such as increased risk of endometrial cancer and thromboembolic events.
Aromatase Inhibitors (AIs): These drugs, including anastrozole, letrozole, and exemestane, lower estrogen levels by inhibiting the aromatase enzyme, which converts androgens to estrogen in peripheral tissues. AIs are generally preferred in postmenopausal women due to their efficacy and safety profile compared to tamoxifen.
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs): Fulvestrant is a SERD that degrades estrogen receptors and is used in cases where resistance to other endocrine therapies develops.
Combination Therapies
Combining endocrine therapy with other treatments enhances efficacy. Examples include:
Endocrine Therapy with CDK4/6 Inhibitors: Palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib are CDK4/6 inhibitors that, when combined with endocrine therapy, significantly improve progression-free survival in advanced HR+ breast cancer.
Endocrine Therapy with mTOR Inhibitors: Everolimus, an mTOR inhibitor, can be added to endocrine therapy for patients who have developed resistance to aromatase inhibitors.
Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy is generally reserved for patients with high-risk features, such as large tumor size, high-grade histology, or extensive lymph node involvement. Regimens often include anthracyclines and taxanes.
Giloy in Ayurveda - Classical Categorization and SynonymsPlanet Ayurveda
Giloy, also known as Guduchi or Amrita in classical Ayurvedic texts, is a revered herb renowned for its myriad health benefits. It is categorized as a Rasayana, meaning it has rejuvenating properties that enhance vitality and longevity. Giloy is celebrated for its ability to boost the immune system, detoxify the body, and promote overall wellness. Its anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and antioxidant properties make it a staple in managing conditions like fever, diabetes, and stress. The versatility and efficacy of Giloy in supporting health naturally highlight its importance in Ayurveda. At Planet Ayurveda, we provide a comprehensive range of health services and 100% herbal supplements that harness the power of natural ingredients like Giloy. Our products are globally available and affordable, ensuring that everyone can benefit from the ancient wisdom of Ayurveda. If you or your loved ones are dealing with health issues, contact Planet Ayurveda at 01725214040 to book an online video consultation with our professional doctors. Let us help you achieve optimal health and wellness naturally.
Pictorial and detailed description of patellar instability with sign and symptoms and how to diagnose , what investigations you should go with and how to approach with treatment options . I have presented this slide in my 2nd year junior residency in orthopedics at LLRM medical college Meerut and got good reviews for it
After getting it read you will definitely understand the topic.
5-hydroxytryptamine or 5-HT or Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that serves a range of roles in the human body. It is sometimes referred to as the happy chemical since it promotes overall well-being and happiness.
It is mostly found in the brain, intestines, and blood platelets.
5-HT is utilised to transport messages between nerve cells, is known to be involved in smooth muscle contraction, and adds to overall well-being and pleasure, among other benefits. 5-HT regulates the body's sleep-wake cycles and internal clock by acting as a precursor to melatonin.
It is hypothesised to regulate hunger, emotions, motor, cognitive, and autonomic processes.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.Gokuldas Hospital
Your smile is beautiful.
Let’s be honest. Maintaining that beautiful smile is not an easy task. It is more than brushing and flossing. Sometimes, you might encounter dental issues that need special dental care. These issues can range anywhere from misalignment of the jaw to pain in the root of teeth.
Know the difference between Endodontics and Orthodontics.
Srn module 1 overview of medical imaging
1. Training School for State Registered Nurses-
Bamenda
Class: SRN Three
Academic Year: 2019/2020
Course Title: Medical Imaging Technology
Module 1: Overview of Medical Imaging
Course Facilitator:
Nchanji Nkeh Keneth
Radiologic Technologist/Sonographer
B.TECH/HPD in MDIRT
(St. LOUIS UNIHEBS, Univ Buea)
St. Blaise Catholic Hospital, Big Mankon Bamenda
Medical Imaging Dpt
MedicalImagingTrainingResourceForNursesand
RelatedParamedics,NNK
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2. Presentation outline
Brief history of Medical Imaging
Basic Terminologies in Medical Imaging
Medical Imaging Modalities
Understanding Ionising radiations
Medical Uses of Ionising and Non-ionising
Radiations
Ionising Radiation Effects
Radiation Protection and Safety
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3. Outcome
At the end of this presentation, students
would have:
Learned about the historical evolution of
Medical Imaging, Radiations, Medical
Applications of Radiation, effects of
Ionising radiations and Radiation Safety
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4. Brief history of Medical
Imaging
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5. Introduction
Historical Evolution of Medical Imaging:
Medical Imaging Science dates as far back
as 1895, when Sir Wilhelm Conrad
Roentgen, a German Physicist, discovered
X-Rays in his laboratory Cathode Ray
Tube experiments. He is known as the
Father of Radiology
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6. Medical Imaging
also known as RADIOLOGY; is the
specialized Field of Medical Science
concerned with the use of Radiations in
obtaining images of the human body for
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Purposes.
Medical Imaging Technology is an innovative
field in medicine;
Radiology is Indispensable for Effective
Medical Practice Today
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7. Advancements in Radiology
From 1895, Radiology has been witnessing
significant advancements: from the
Discovery of X-Rays in the late 1800s, to
Ultrasonography in the 1950s, the
introduction of CT Scan Technology in the
1970s and MRI technology in the 1980s to
say the least, are trends in Radiology
Advancements
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8. Basic Terminologies in
Medical Imaging
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9. Commonly Used terms in Radiology
X-Rays: These are High Energy
Electromagnetic Radiations produced from
radiographic Equipments
Radiations: Energy Moving in the form of Rays
Radiation Biology: The science that studies the
effects of radiation
Radiation protection: Measures taken to
mitigate the effects of Ionising radiations
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10. Def. of Concepts Continued
CT Scan: Computerized Tomography Scan;
which denotes the Process of obtaining
Sectional images of the body with use of X
Rays and Computers for Diagnostic and
Therapeutic Purposes
MRI Scan: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Scan
Ultrasonography: Examination of the
Body with use of Ultrasound Waves
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11. Defs. of radiology Concepts Cont
Radiologic Technologist: A Trained
Medical Imaging Professional, using
Radiologic Equipments for Diagnosis
Sonographer: A specialized Medical
Imaging professional that uses Ultrasound in
Diagnosing Disorders of the body
Radiologist: A Specialized Medical Doctor
in the Field of Radiology that Interprets
radiologic Images
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12. Defs. Continued
Mammography: Radiographic Imaging of
the Human Breasts
Nuclear Medicine: Specialized modality of
Radiology, using radioactive materials for
Diagnosis and Therapy
Radiotherapy: The Field in radiology
concerned with the Treatment of Diseases
(notably cancer), with use of High Energy
Ionising radiations
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13. Radiotherapist: A specialized Medical
Imaging professional that uses Ionising
Radiations to treat Diseases
Oncologist: A specialist in the field of
Oncology (study of cancer)
Radiology Nurse: A Professional Nurse,
that works in the radiology department;
assisting in Nursing Interventions
Medical Imaging Modality: A technical
subfield in Medical Imaging, making use
of a particular equipment and Radiation
for Diagnosis or Therapy
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15. Classification of radiology
1. Diagnostic Radiology
2. Therapeutic Radiology
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16. Diagnostic Radiologic Modalities
1. Conventional radiography ( Plain X-ray
Procedures)
2. Ultrasonography
3. Mammography
4. Dental Panography
5.CT Scan
6.MRI Scan
7.PET Scan
8.SPECT Scan
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17. Diagnostic Radiologic Modalities continued
9.Thermography
10,Interventional Radiology( Angiography,
radiologic Imaged guided interventions etc)
11.Fluoroscopy
12.Diagnostic Nuclear Medicine
13.Special Radiographic Exams (Barium
Enema/Transit, Galactography, Cholangiography,
IVU, Urethrogram, Hysterosalpingography, etc.)
Others:
ECG, EEG, EMG
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18. Therapeutic Radiology
1. Radiotherapy
2. Therapeutic Nuclear
Medicine
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19. Other Specialized Fields of
Radiology
Related Specialized Areas of
Radiology:
1. Oncology
2.Radiation Biology (radiobiology)
3.Radiation Protection
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21. Review The definition of Radiation: Energy
transmitted in the form of rays from one
point to another
Radiation is Described as being
Ionising, if it has the power to eject one or
more electrons from the atoms or molecules
in the irradiated medium. This is the case of
Alpha and beta radiations, as well as of
electromagnetic radiations such as gamma
radiations, X-rays and some ultra-violet
rays. Visible or infrared light are not, nor
are microwaves or radio
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22. Radiation is also defined as
Radiation is an energy in the form of
electro-magnetic waves or particulate
matter, traveling in the air.”
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23. Source of Ionising radiation
They are produced from unstable atoms.
Unstable atoms are radioactive and in order to
attain stability, they emit the excess energy in
the form of radiation
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26. Medical Uses of Ionising
and Non-ionising
Radiations
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27. Medical Applications
Radiations
Principally, Radiations are used for the
Following reasons in Medicine
1. For Diagnosis of Body Disorders
2. For Treatment of Diseases
3. Research Purposes
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28. The production and Use of Ionising radiations
in Medicine Needs Justification to Prevent the
Effects of Radiation exposure
Radiation use MUST ALWAYS BE
REGULATED. ALL HOSPITAL STAFF
AND ESPECIALLY THOSE IN THE
RADIOLOGY DEPARTMENT BESIDES
PATIENTS MUST OBSERVE BASIC
Radiation Safety Rules
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29. Ionising Radiation Effects
Exposure to Ionising Radiation has both
short term and Long term effects; all
determined by the quantity of Radiation
Exposed to, the part of the body exposed,
the Radiologic Procedure done, Sensitivity
of the Patient to radiation, Health Status of
the patient, the type of Radiation used, to
say the least
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30. Some Ionising radiation Effects
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34. 34
IAEA Training Course on Radiation Protection for Radiographers
L01. Overview of Radiation Protection
35. Ionising radiation Effects
Warrant Radiation Safety
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Radiation Protection and
Safety
38. Forms of Radiation Used in Medicine
• Machine produced radiation from X ray
tubes used in medical imaging
• Linear accelerators used in cancer
therapy
• Radioactive materials used in nuclear
medicine imaging and in some cancer
therapy applications.
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IAEA Training Course on Radiation Protection for Radiographers
L01. Overview of Radiation Protection
40. Current System of Radiological
Protection
– Three principles
Justification
Optimization
Limitation
– Three categories of exposure
Public
Occupational
Medical
– Three exposure situations
Planned
Existing
Emergency
41. Why Teach Nurses
Fundamentals of Radiology?
Nurses are at the Core of Medical Practice
and Spend Most of the Time with their
Patients
Radiology is Indispensable for effective
Medical Practice
Nurses with Radiology Knowledge can
better care for their Patients
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42. Relevance of Medical Imaging in
Nursing Practice
Emergency Care in Medicine Requires
Medical Imaging Diagnosis. Nurse’s
Knowledge of radiology there helps in
proper patient care
Nurses are professionals who can request
basic Radiologic exams in the absence of
the attending Physician: Therefore basic
knowledge of radiology especially on Plain
radiographic procedures like:
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43. Chest x rays (CXR)
Abdominal X-Rays
Skeletal radiographs to say the least
alongside abnormal findings is crucial in
improving on nursing care of the sick.
This is most applicable in rural settings
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44. A Nurse with Good Knowledge of
radiology especially Radiography and
Ultrasonography can safe the lives of many
patients through timely intervention, based
on reports from the afore mentioned
performed exams
Nurses can take up duties as Radiology
Nurses in the Radiology Department;
therefore Radiology Training Serves as
Career Orientation for the Nurse
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45. Radiology Knowledge:
Gives the Trained Nurse an edge in their
practice, job selection and recruitment due
to added value and Competencies in their
training.
Therefore learn as much as you can
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46. ANY QUESTIONS ?
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