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This document provides an overview of basic SQL commands and clauses for selecting, filtering, and sorting data in a database. It discusses: 1) The basic components of a database including tables, records, fields, and attributes. It also covers how rules define relationships between tables. 2) Common SQL commands for creating tables, inserting data, selecting data, deleting data, and updating data. 3) Filters for selecting specific data using the WHERE clause along with operators, AND/OR, IN, BETWEEN, and sorting with ORDER BY.
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- SQL is used to perform tasks like data queries, insertion, deletion, updates and schema changes.
- Common SQL statements include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE TABLE, ALTER TABLE, DROP TABLE.
- The SELECT statement is used to retrieve data from one or more tables. It can include clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY, HAVING.
- Other statements like INSERT add new rows, UPDATE modifies existing rows, DELETE removes rows from tables.
- SQL can join data from multiple tables using JOIN operations like INNER JOIN, LEFT JOIN, RIGHT
Dbms
This document contains information about a database management systems practical file submitted by Sachin for their fourth semester computer science course. It includes an index of experiments completed and sections covering database languages like DDL, DML, and DCL. It also discusses topics like data types in SQL, set operations, joins, query processing, and constraints.
Creating database using sql commands
The document provides information on various SQL commands used to create and manage databases and tables. It explains how to use SHOW, CREATE DATABASE, USE, SHOW TABLES, CREATE TABLE, DESCRIBE, ALTER TABLE, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, INSERT, CREATE VIEW commands. It also discusses table constraints like NOT NULL, UNIQUE, PRIMARY KEY, FOREIGN KEY and provides examples of how to implement them in CREATE TABLE and ALTER TABLE statements.
Query
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language) and its main components. It discusses SQL query types like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements. It also covers SQL joins, aliases, clauses, functions, conditions, tables and views. Finally, it provides examples and practice exercises for the SELECT and INSERT statements.
Data Manipulation Language.pptx
This document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language). It discusses SQL functions including data manipulation language (DML) and data definition language (DDL). DML commands like SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE and INSERT are covered. The SELECT statement syntax and use of clauses like WHERE, ORDER BY, GROUP BY and JOINs are explained. Aggregate functions like COUNT, AVG, SUM etc and scalar functions are also summarized. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate the concepts and syntax.
Review of SQL
The document provides an overview of SQL (Structured Query Language), including its standards, environment, data types, DDL (Data Definition Language) for defining database schema, DML (Data Manipulation Language) for manipulating data, and DCL (Data Control Language) for controlling access. It discusses SQL statements for defining tables, inserting, updating, deleting, and querying data using SELECT statements with various clauses. Views are also introduced as virtual tables defined by a SELECT statement on base tables.
SQL report
This is a word file for SQL COMMANDS and including some basic information regarding SQL. I hope it will help you a lot while doing SQL and its functions and commands.
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Sql2
- 1. Reddit SQL Lecture 2 Shane Smith
- 2. Recap
- 4. Attributes/fields become “columns”
- 6. The WHERE clause Helps parse results for specific criteria Multiple WHERE clauses can be strung together Will evaluate results based on order in which WHERE clauses occur Can help reduce cost if used properly, or increase if used improperly
- 7. WHERE clause syntax SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_nameoperator‘value’ EX: SELECT name, phone_number, address FROM contacts WHERE zip code=‘32792’
- 8. Using AND and OR As queries become more complex, AND/OR can be used to parse results even further Used in conjunction with WHERE statements AND retrieves data that meet all criteria OR retrieves data that meet any criteria Both can come at significant cost
- 9. Using AND/OR SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_nameoperator ‘value’ AND column_nameoperator ‘value’ EX: SELECT name, phone_number, address FROM contacts WHERE zip code=32792 AND children=25
- 10. Sorting You can use ORDER BY to sort your results: SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name ORDER BY column_name(s) ASC/DESC EX: SELECT name, phone_number, address FROM contacts WHERE zip code=32792 ORDER BY name ASC *Default order, if not specified is ASCENDING
- 11. Using IN You can use IN to specify multiple criteria for a WHERE statement Helps reduce query clutter Reduces query cost in some cases
- 12. Using IN SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_nameIN (‘value1’, ‘value2’) EX: SELECT name, phone_number, address FROM contacts WHERE zip codeIN (‘32792’, ‘33707’)
- 13. Using BETWEEN The BETWEEN operator is used in a WHERE clause to select a range of data between two values SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE column_name BETWEEN ‘value1’ AND ‘value2’
- 14. Using TOP The TOP clause is used to specify the number of records to return. The TOP clause can be very useful on large tables with thousands of records. Returning a large number of records can impact on performance. TOP PERCENT can also be used
- 15. Using TOP SELECT TOP number|percentcolumn_name(s) FROM table_name EX: SELECT TOP 50 name, phone_number, address FROM contacts SELECT TOP 50 PERCENT name, phone_number, address FROM contacts
- 16. TOP equivalents Not all DBMS’s use TOP MySQL uses LIMIT Oracle uses a WHERE statement with the value ROWNUM SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name WHERE ROWNUM <= number