The document is a lecture outline by Md. Selim Hossain on Database Management Systems (DBMS), focusing on Data Definition Language (DDL) and Data Manipulation Language (DML) as sub-languages of SQL. It details various SQL statements, including CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE for DDL, and INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE for DML, explaining their functions and example usages. Additionally, it distinguishes between commands that modify database structures and those that manipulate the data within those structures.

1. About Me
Md. Selim Hossain
Lecturer
Dept. of CSE
UTTARA UNIVERSITY
House#05, Section#06,
Road#15, Uttara, Dhaka-1230.
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2. Database
Management
System
(DBMS)
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3. Topics for Today
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4. Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data Manipulation Language
(DML)
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5. SQL statements are divided into two major
categories:
Data Definition Language (DDL) and
Data Manipulation Language (DML).
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6. Data Definition Language (DDL)
• DDL statements are used to build and modify
the structure of tables and other objects in
the database.
• DDL is a sub-language of SQL used to create
and manipulate objects in a database. DDL
provides the following statements to
manipulate the object in database:
CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, RENAME
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7. Data Definition Language (DDL)
CREATE statement
(to create objects in the database):
• The CREATE statement in SQL creates a
component in a relational database
management system (RDBMS).
• The CREATE command is used to establish a
new database, table, index, or stored
procedure.
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8. CREATE TABLE statement
• A commonly used CREATE command is the
CREATE TABLE command. The typical usage is:
CREATE TABLE [table name] ( [column
definitions] ) [table parameters]
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9. CREATE TABLE statement
• An example of statement to create a table
named employees with a few columns is:
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10. CREATE TABLE statement
Note: The full structure of table can be viewed
with the DESC command.
DESC <TABLE_NAME>
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11. DROP statement
• The DROP statement destroys an existing
database, table, index, or view.
• A DROP statement in SQL removes a
component from a relational database
management system (RDBMS).
• Drop statement is used to delete an existing
object from the database. It can also be used
to delete any column from a table.
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12. DROP statement
• The DROP statement is distinct from the
DELETE and TRUNCATE statements, in that
DELETE and TRUNCATE do not remove the
table itself. For example, a DELETE statement
might delete some (or all) data from a table
while leaving the table itself in the database,
whereas a DROP statement removes the
entire table from the database.
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13. DROP statement
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14. DROP statement
The typical usage is simply:
• For example, the command to drop a table
named employees is:
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15. ALTER statement
• The ALTER statement modifies an existing
database object or, Alter statement is used to
modify the structure of an existing object.
• Below alteration can be done on a table:
o Addition of new columns
o Deletion of existing columns
o Changing the data type of columns
o Changing the size of columns
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16. ALTER statement
• The typical usage is:
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17. ALTER statement
Note: To change the data type of a column,
the column must be empty.
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18. RENAME statement
Rename statement is used to rename an
existing object from a database
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19. RENAME statement
• The RENAME statement is used to rename a
database table.
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20. TRUNCATE statement
• The TRUNCATE statement is used to delete all
data from a table. It's much faster than
DELETE.
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21. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• A data manipulation language (DML) is a
family of syntax elements similar to a
computer programming language used for
selecting, inserting, deleting and updating
data in a database.
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22. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
 DML also known as query language
Two classes of languages
 Procedural – user specifies what data is
required and how to get those data
 Nonprocedural – user specifies what data is
required without specifying how to get
those data
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23. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
• DML is a sub-language of SQL. It is used to
manipulate the data stored in a table.
• DML provides the following statements for
data manipulation:
INSERT
UPDATE
DELETE
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24. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT Statement
• INSERT statement is used to insert a new
record into a table.
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25. Data Manipulation Language (DML)
INSERT Statement
• Example
• Consider a table 'EMP' having columns
named EMPNO, NAME, SAL and JOB. We can
be used the below INSERT statement to insert
a new record to it.
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26. UPDATE Statement
• Update statement is used to update an
existing record in a table.
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27. UPDATE Statement
• If the where clause of omitted, the statement
will update all the values in the particular
column.
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28. UPDATE Statement
• Note: IS NULL is used for assignment and =NULL
is used to recognize.
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29. DELETE Statement
• Delete Statement is used to delete records from
a table.
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30. DELETE Statement
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31. DELETE Statement
• Below statement will delete all records from
the table.
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32. Md. Selim Hossain
Thank you
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