Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film
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A spray coating technique was developed to rapidly prepare free-standing nanocellulose films in under 1 minute by spraying a nanocellulose suspension onto a moving stainless steel plate, which was then air dried under restraint. The produced films had a basis weight that varied between 50 and 200 g/m2 and were 15% thicker than films made through vacuum filtration, but had similar uniformity and ultra-high smoothness on the side exposed to the metal surface during drying. The significant reduction in preparation time suggests spray coating can be an alternative to vacuum filtration for quickly producing nanocellulose sheets for further investigation.
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2) The basis weight, thickness, density and barrier properties of the spray coated sheets could be tailored by adjusting the nanocellulose suspension concentration and conveyor belt velocity during spraying.
3) The spray coated nanocellulose sheets showed excellent barrier properties to air and water vapor, comparable to synthetic polymers and aluminum foil. Additionally, the sheets were found to be recyclable after repulping
Tuning the surface roughness of NC films
This document investigates factors that control the roughness of nanocellulose films produced by spraying. It examines the effect of substrate surface chemistry and roughness, nanocellulose fibre diameter, and addition of carboxymethyl cellulose to nanocellulose suspensions. The three key factors found to control film roughness are: the roughness of the substrate surface, the diameter of the nanocellulose fibrils, and addition of carboxymethyl cellulose. Adding carboxymethyl cellulose, which reduces fibre-fibre friction, produced smoother films, especially when sprayed on rougher substrates. The smoothest film achieved had a roughness of 336±117nm and resulted from spraying a suspension containing 1.5%
Nanocellulose based functional material using spraying
The document summarizes S.Kirubanandan's PhD research on developing functional materials using nano-cellulose and spray coating. The research aims to rapidly prepare nano-cellulose sheets and composites using spray coating and study their mechanical and barrier properties. Preliminary results show spray coating can produce uniform, smooth nano-cellulose sheets with controlled thickness and basis weight. Future work involves preparing nanoclay/nano-cellulose and nanoparticle/nano-cellulose composites and coating nano-cellulose onto base sheets to develop high performance barrier materials through a scalable spray coating process.
Kirubanandan_Career Episode 1.pdf
This document summarizes a project to develop a spray coating process to produce nanocellulose and nanocomposite films for packaging applications. The author worked as a process engineer to design and construct a spray coating experimental setup. Key objectives included developing a spray coating process to produce free-standing nanocellulose films of varying thickness and roughness on impermeable surfaces, and nanocellulose-composite films. The author characterized the mechanical and barrier properties of the spray-coated films and found they had comparable properties to films made by vacuum filtration. The developed process provides a more rapid and flexible method for producing nanocellulose packaging films.
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...
Abstract: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared on corning (7059) glass substrates at a thickness of 75.5 and 130.5nm by RF sputtering technique. The deposition was carried out at room temperature after which the samples were annealed in open air at 1500C. The electrical and structural properties of these films were studied. The electrical properties of the films were monitored by four-point probe method while the structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the electrical resistance of the films decreases with increase in the thickness of the films. The XRD analysis of the films showed that the films have a peak located at 〖34.31^0-34.35〗^0with hkl (002). Other parameters calculated include the stress ( ) and the grain size (D).
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
Ultrasonic atomization of graphene derivatives for heat spreader thin film de...
1) Researchers developed an ultrasonic atomizer system to deposit graphene oxide thin films on silicon wafers for applications in semiconductor manufacturing.
2) Graphene oxide was spray coated using the ultrasonic atomizer and then thermally reduced to improve its electrical and thermal conductivity.
3) Characterization of the reduced graphene oxide thin films found they have high coverage area above 90% with uniform thickness, low sheet resistance below 3 kΩ/sq, and thermal conductivity over 1000 W/mK making it suitable as a heat spreader material.
Fabrication of Organic bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
This document discusses the fabrication of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells. It begins with an introduction to organic solar cells and their advantages. It then describes the working principles of organic polymer solar cells including light absorption, exciton diffusion, charge transfer, and charge collection. The common layer stack is explained including the active layer, transport layers, electrodes, and substrates. Fabrication methods like spin coating and spray coating are outlined along with specific fabrication steps for layers. Performance parameters like open circuit voltage and power conversion efficiency are discussed. The effects of UV irradiation treatment and adding zinc oxide nanoparticles are evaluated.
Vol. 1 (2), 2014, 23–27
Influence of Field Assisted Chemical Spray Pyrolysis Deposition Technique on the Structural and Optical Properties of CdS Thin Films
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (2), 2014, 23–27
U.U. Iwok*, J.A. Bwamba, N.O. Alu, K.K. Adama, Z. Abdullahi, A.C. Egba, A.A. Oberafo, B.O. Akogwu
AZO Thesis_Mohammad Shakil Khan
This document presents an overview of a thesis on characterizing an aluminum-doped conductive layer of zinc oxide for thin film solar cells. It discusses preparing the aluminum-doped zinc oxide layer using a sol-gel method, including solution preparation, spin coating, and annealing. It also summarizes methods used to characterize the layer, including measuring thickness, surface morphology, and electrical properties using Hall effect measurement. Key results found the layer thickness and roughness increased with more depositions and the material exhibited n-type conductivity.
Synopsis on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films - Production, Characterization a...
Synopsis on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films - Production, Characterization a...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
This document outlines the structure and progress of a PhD thesis on spray coating nanocellulose films. The thesis will have 6 chapters: introduction and literature review; rapid preparation of smooth NC films using spray coating; a flexible spray coating process; NC films as sustainable barriers; NC-montmorillonite composites via spraying; and tuning NC film smoothness via spraying. Five chapters will be published. The thesis is 40-80% complete, with remaining work on characterization, writing, and formatting. Spray coating enables fast, uniform NC film production and nanocomposite fabrication with applications in barriers and functional materials.Ceramic membrane coating with graphene oxide for tannery wastewater treatment
The document summarizes a study on using a graphene oxide coated ceramic membrane for treating tannery wastewater. Key points:
- Tannery wastewater is highly contaminated and poses risks to the environment. A ceramic membrane was coated with graphene oxide using dip coating to treat this wastewater.
- Experiments were conducted at different pressures from 0.7 to 3 bar to evaluate the coated membrane's rejection of contaminants like total solids, salts, and conductivity.
- Results showed the coating improved the membrane's rejection performance. Rejection percentages increased for parameters like total solids, dissolved solids, suspended solids, salinity and conductivity compared to an uncoated membrane.
Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose...
Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
This document summarizes research on developing a spray coating technique to rapidly prepare free-standing nanocellulose films in under a minute. The researchers tested different suspension concentrations and characterized the resulting films. The spray coated films had similar basis weight, thickness, mechanical properties, and barrier properties as films made through vacuum filtration. The spray coating technique provides a fast method for making laboratory-scale nanocellulose films with uniform properties and a smooth glossy surface on one side.Science direct 1
This document summarizes the preparation and testing of a ceramic membrane filter consisting of a diatomite filtering layer coated onto a porous quartz-based ceramic substrate. Key points include:
- Diatomite particles were coated onto the substrate using pressure filtration and sintered at 600°C. The coating was then leached in hot acid to open pores while maintaining structural integrity.
- Filtration testing used calcite particles from marble wastewater. The leached coating showed over two times higher filtration capacity and produced very clear filtrate.
- The coating maintained stability during filtration at 5 bar and backflushing at 4 bar, demonstrating potential for water filtration applications.
Similar to Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film (20)
Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film
Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film
Engineering Nanocellulose films and their composites via spray coating
Engineering Nanocellulose films and their composites via spray coating
Barrier Properties And Recyclability of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Sheet
Barrier Properties And Recyclability of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Sheet
Nanocellulose based functional material using spraying
Nanocellulose based functional material using spraying
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electro...
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Ultrasonic atomization of graphene derivatives for heat spreader thin film de...
Fabrication of Organic bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Fabrication of Organic bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell
Synopsis on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films - Production, Characterization a...
Synopsis on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films - Production, Characterization a...
Ceramic membrane coating with graphene oxide for tannery wastewater treatment
Ceramic membrane coating with graphene oxide for tannery wastewater treatment
Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose...
Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose...
More from Kirubanandan Shanmugam
Kirubanandan_Career Episode 3.pdf
Kirubanandan worked on developing, constructing, and operating an Oscillatory Flow Reactor as part of his master's research program from 2012-2013. He designed and built the experimental setup, integrating components, collecting data using LabView, and performing experiments to analyze oscillatory flow and mixing at mini scales. Kirubanandan evaluated the reactor's performance, compared it to other mixers, and published results in engineering journals to contribute to process intensification research on oscillatory flow technology.
Kirubanandan_Career Episode 2.pdf
This document summarizes the graduate engineering work of developing an alternative process for extracting Omega-3 PUFAs using a miniaturized plug flow reactor. Key points:
1. The student designed, constructed, and tested a pilot-scale mini-fluidic reactor to intensify the extraction process of Omega-3 PUFAs from fish oil using silver nitrate as a solvent.
2. Performance was evaluated against a conventional stirred tank reactor through mass balancing and the mini-fluidic reactor showed better extraction results.
3. The student investigated causes for deviations from the desired slug flow pattern in the mini-channels and worked to engineer the flow for optimal extraction.
Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films
Spraying nanocellulose on a polished impermeable surface is a novel concept to produce a film which has two distinct surfaces. The spray coated surface is very smooth and replicates the nanoscale roughness from the base surface. This process reduces the operational time for film formation by one order of magnitude compared to vacuum filtration, which is the standard method. The spraying process was optimised to develop highly uniform sheets. The films were recyclable and sustainable. Spraying process has been successfully implemented to develop high performance nanocomposites for barrier applications and smooth films for electronics.
Kirubanandan final chapter
This document provides an introduction and literature review on nanocellulose and its composite films. It discusses nanocellulose as a novel fibrous material produced from mechanical, chemical or enzymatic defibrillation of lignocellulosic biomass. The characteristics, production methods, applications and properties of nanocellulose films are reviewed. Various fabrication methods for producing nanocellulose films and composites are critically analyzed, along with their pros and cons. The document identifies gaps in knowledge around developing rapid processes to produce high quality nanocellulose films for applications such as packaging.
NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS COMPOSITE FILMS – APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, PREPARATION...
NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS COMPOSITE FILMS – APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, PREPARATION...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
Nanocellulose (NC) is a biodegradable nanomaterial produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The mechanical, chemical or enzymatic processes are normally used for defibrillation of wood fibres into nanofibrils. It is a cellulose nanofibril with unique characteristics leading to potential applications in functional materials. These nanomaterials can replace synthetic plastics and be used as biomaterials for developing recyclable nanocomposites. The fibrils at nanosize provide high surface area and strength and are biodegradable. NC films and their composites have been used in developing functional materials such as barrier materials, substrates for printing circuits in flexible electronics, barrier coatings on the paper and paper board etc., In addition, there is a potential demand for NC films and composites to replace or eliminate conventional plastics. There are many methods available to prepare free-standing NC films with composites and these are critically reviewed and addressed in this chapter. Conventional methods are seen to be time-consuming, and unable to produce outstanding quality films, which set limitations on commercialization. Therefore, a rapid process to produce the NC films is required to meet the potentially large requirement for packaging and other functional material.Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
The document summarizes research on the effect of recycling on the barrier and mechanical properties of nanocellulose films. Nanocellulose films were made via spray coating and then recycled using dispersion and vacuum filtration. Testing found that recycled films retained 70% of the strength of virgin films and had double the water vapor permeability. Examinations across multiple length scales suggested this was due to nanofiber bundles that were not fully separated during recycling, reducing density and uniformity and thereby properties. While recycling reduced performance, barrier properties remained better than conventional cellulose packaging. Further optimization of the recycling process may be needed to fully separate nanofibers.Coating of nanocellulose on the filters
This document summarizes research on developing a two-layer depth filter with improved filtration performance. The researchers spray coated an anionic cellulose nanofibre (CNF) layer onto a cationic depth filter base sheet. This created a filter with triple functionality: 1) the cationic base sheet could adsorb anionic molecules; 2) the anionic CNF top layer could adsorb cationic molecules; and 3) the CNF layer acted as a microfiltration membrane. Testing showed that a CNF coat weight of 8 g/m2 optimized performance, rejecting 80% of 5000 kDa polyethylene glycol at a flux of 133 LMH, while still effectively absorbing the cationic dye methylene blue.
Silver Nanowires
Silver nanowires are a versatile tool for creating conductive paper. When added to paper, silver nanowires can enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of paper without impacting its optical properties. Silver nanowires allow paper to be used in new applications that require electrical conductivity, such as touchscreens, RFID tags, flexible electronics, and biosensors.
Recycling of Nanocellulose Films
This document summarizes research investigating the recyclability of nanocellulose films as an alternative to non-recyclable polyolefin packaging materials. Virgin nanocellulose films were recycled using standard dispersion and vacuum filtration techniques. The recycled films retained around 70% of the strength of virgin films and had a water vapor permeability that doubled but was still comparable to synthetic polymers. Scanning electron microscopy showed no fiber damage or agglomeration during recycling. The recycled films had decreased uniformity at small scales but increased uniformity at large scales compared to virgin films. The retained strength, barrier properties, and ease of reprocessing demonstrate that nanocellulose films could provide a sustainable and recyclable alternative to conventional packaging.
Process for recycling of nanocellulose
Spray coated nanocellulose films were investigated as a potentially sustainable alternative to synthetic packaging materials. The nanocellulose films were recycled by dispersing them in water and vacuum filtration to reform sheets. The recycled films retained 80% of their original tensile strength and maintained significant barrier properties, though water vapor permeability doubled. Scanning electron microscopy showed no fiber agglomeration or damage during recycling. The retained strength, barrier performance, and easy reprocessability of the recycled nanocellulose films demonstrates their potential as a sustainable and recyclable alternative to conventional packaging.
Recycled Nanocellulose
Recycled nanocellulose films were produced from virgin nanocellulose films using laboratory dispersion techniques under ISO standard conditions. While the strength and barrier performance of the recycled films were reduced compared to the virgin films, the barrier performance was still comparable to synthetic polymers like LDPE. Remarkably, the energy required to recycle the nanocellulose film waste into a nanofiber suspension was two orders of magnitude less than originally required to produce the nanofibers. This shows that recycling nanocellulose film waste is an attractive option from an energy perspective.
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
Recycled nanocellulose films retained 70% of the strength of virgin films but had double the water vapor permeability. This was likely due to bundles of cellulose nanofibers that did not fully separate during recycling, hindering uniform packing and reducing density. At the fiber level and under high magnification SEM, recycled and virgin films were identical, but recycled films had poorer optical uniformity and strength at larger length scales. Recycling reduced barrier performance but it was still much better than conventional packaging materials. The major issue was incomplete breakdown of nanocellulose sheets into individual fibers during recycling.Surface Roughness of the nanocellulose film
This document is an abstract submission for a research showcase about tuning the nanoscale surface roughness and smoothness of nanocellulose films via spray coating. The researchers developed a new spray coating method to produce smooth nanocellulose films. The films have two-sided surface roughness, with the side in contact with the polished surface during spraying being much smoother than the air-exposed side. The roughness was measured using optical profilometry and found to be 2087 nm for the rough side and 389 nm for the smooth side. Factors controlling the roughness like cellulose fibril size and the base surface smoothness are being investigated. Surface smoothness requirements for applications like SERS and printed electronics will also be discussed.
Surface Roughness of the nanocellulose film
Spray coating is used to produce novel nanocellulose films with controlled smoothness on steel surfaces. The smoothness of the nanocellulose film is determined by the smoothness of the receiving steel surface. Film properties like basis weight, thickness, and strength can be adjusted by changing the suspension consistency and spray coating process parameters. The surface of the film in contact with the steel surface is smoother than the air side of the film. The study investigates how suspension consistency, fiber homogenization, and addition of carboxy methyl cellulose affect the smoothness of the nanocellulose film coating. Nanocellulose fibril diameter and receiving surface roughness are found to be the key parameters that control film smoothness.
Structure of Spray Coated Nanocomposite
It describes the structure of nanocomposite prepared via spray coating and interlinked with their barrier performance.
Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber – Montmorillonite (MM...
Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber – Montmorillonite (MM...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
Cellulose nanofibers are one of the most promising candidates for developing high-performance paper-based packaging that is renewable, recyclable and biodegradable. While cellulose nanofiber layers have very low oxygen permeability, their water vapour permeability is significantly higher than conventional packaging plastics, such as Low Density Poly-ethylene (LDPE). Water vapour permeability has been decreased by forming composites of cellulose nanofibers and inorganic nanoparticles, such as Montmorillonite (MMT) clay. However, the addition of the nanoparticles further reduces the already poor drainage when layers are formed through vacuum filtration. The method for spray-coating a cellulose nanofiber-montmorillonite layer is developed to produce composite. It improves both the ease of preparation and reduces the water vapour permeability. The effect of high-pressure homogenization treatment to the suspension before composite preparation on the barrier performance is also investigated. The permeability could be reduced below that achieved with vacuum filtration by adding up to 20 wt. % Montmorillonite and dispersing Montmorillonite with two passes in a high-pressure homogeniser. With Montmorillonite addition above 20 wt. %, the water vapour permeability started to increase due to aggregation of the Montmorillonite. At the optimal addition level, the best performance achieved with spraying was a water vapour permeability of 8.3 x 10-12 g/m.s.pa. The air permeability of composite is evaluated to be less than 0.003 µm/Pa.s. This value confirms an impermeable composite for packaging applications. Considering the barrier performance, spray coated nanocomposites can perform as an effective barrier material and a potential alternative to synthetic plastics. Tuning Nanoscale Surface Roughness and Smoothness of Nanocellulose Film via S...
Tuning Nanoscale Surface Roughness and Smoothness of Nanocellulose Film via S...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
We recently reported a new method to prepare smooth nanocellulose (NC) films [1] by spraying the nanocellulose onto a smooth and polished surface and then allowing the film to dry in air. Spraying has a notable advantage such as contour coating and contactless coating with the base substrate. The basis weight and thickness of the NC film is tailorable by adjusting NC suspension in spraying process. NC film prepared via spray coating has unique two-sided surface roughness with the surface in contact with the surface much smoother than the air-contact side. The surface roughness is one of the controlling parameter in barrier performance of the NC film and alterations in surface roughness switches the wettability. The RMS roughness of the two surfaces investigated by Optical Profilometry was found to be 2087 nm on the rough side and 389 nm on the spray coated side, respectively. The spray coated NC film has ultra-high smoothness on the side exposed to the polished stainless steel surface. The factors including the size of cellulose fibrils and surface smoothness of base surface that control the roughness of the film are currently being investigated and will be discussed in the presentation. The surface smoothness requirements for substrate applications in SERS and printed electronics will also be discussed. Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...
Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...Kirubanandan Shanmugam
Synthetic packaging materials are neither reprocessable, renewable nor biodegradable barrier and also difficult to recycle into useful products. While cellulose-based packaging is widely known as a renewable, reprocessable, recyclable and biodegradable material it has limited air and water vapour barrier properties. Nanocellulose (NC) has the potential to become a renewable alternative to plastic packaging barrier layers but its recyclability has not been reported. This investigation is focused on the production of spray-coated nanocellulose (NC) films and its recyclability via dispersion in water and vacuum filtration to form sheets again. Physical properties such as barrier performance and strength of NC films have been evaluated pre- and post- recycling. The recycled films retained 80% of tensile strength and significant barrier performance although the H2O vapour permeability (WVP) approximately doubled, increasing to 9.83 x 10-11 g.m-1.s-1 Pa-1, providing comparable values with for most synthetic packaging. SEM micrographs reveal no fibre agglomeration at the micro level and no damage to the fibres during recycling. The retained strength and barrier properties and facile reprocessability of the spray coated NC film promises a sustainable and recyclable alternative to conventional packaging, providing a sustainable platform for packaging industries.Nanocellulose Applications
This document discusses several applications of nanocellulose including its use in packaging, oil and water separation, as a photo catalyst, in biomedical gels, in nanocomposites, and as a high performance barrier in membranes. References are provided for each application discussed.
Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films Production Characterization and Application
Spraying nanocellulose on a polished impermeable surface is a novel concept to produce a film which has two distinct surfaces. The spray coated surface is very smooth and replicates the nanoscale roughness from the base surface. This process reduces the operational time for film formation by one order of magnitude compared to vacuum filtration, which is the standard method. The spraying process was optimised to develop highly uniform sheets. The films were recyclable and sustainable. Spraying process has been successfully implemented to develop high performance nanocomposites for barrier applications and smooth films for electronics.
More from Kirubanandan Shanmugam (20)
NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS COMPOSITE FILMS – APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, PREPARATION...
NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS COMPOSITE FILMS – APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, PREPARATION...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...
Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber – Montmorillonite (MM...
Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber – Montmorillonite (MM...
Tuning Nanoscale Surface Roughness and Smoothness of Nanocellulose Film via S...
Tuning Nanoscale Surface Roughness and Smoothness of Nanocellulose Film via S...
Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...
Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...
Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films Production Characterization and Application
Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films Production Characterization and Application
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Building Electrical System Design & Installation
Guide for Building Electrical System Design & Installation
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
rock mass characterization and New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes
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6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)
[JPP-1] - (JEE 3.0) - Kinematics 1D - 14th May..pdf
[JPP-1] - (JEE 3.0) - Kinematics 1D - 14th May..pdf
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
ACRP 4-09 Risk Assessment Method to Support Modification of Airfield Separat...
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
Heap Sort (SS).ppt FOR ENGINEERING GRADUATES, BCA, MCA, MTECH, BSC STUDENTS
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
New techniques for characterising damage in rock slopes.pdf
Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film
- 1. Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose film Abstract A rapid preparation technique to prepare free standing nanocellulose films wasdeveloped using a bench scale spray coating system. Nanocellulose suspension with concentration ranging from 1 to 2 wt% wassprayedonto a stainless steelplate, which is moving on a conveyor ata velocity of 0.32 cm/sec. Afterthe suspension wasair dried under restraint, the basis weight of produced nanocellulose films was found to vary between 50 and 200 g/m2 . Processing time taken to prepare films was approximately 1.0 min, which is much less than processing times reported in the previous literature. Films made by spray coating had similar uniformity, but 15% higher thickness than those made by vacuum filtration. Additionally, the spray coated nanocellulose film has ultra-high smoothness on the side exposed to the metal surface with a RMS roughness of 81.1 nm for 10µm x10µm inspection area. The significant reduction in preparation time suggests that this spray coating technique can be utilized as an alternative to vacuum filtration for preparing laboratory nanocellulose sheetsasa platform for further investigation.