This document summarizes research on using an atomization process to deposit reduced graphene oxide (rGO) thin films for use as transparent conductive electrodes. Key points:
- Graphene oxide was spray coated onto silicon wafers and glass slides using an ultrasonic atomizer. Thermal reduction processes were then used to make the films electrically conductive while maintaining optical transparency.
- Thinner films with 1-2 spray coats had higher transparency (>90%) but higher resistivity, while thicker 3-4 coat films had lower transparency (77.1%) but lower resistivity (5.3 kΩ/sq).
- Rapid thermal processing was more effective than plasma processing at reducing resistivity. Sheet resistance decreased
Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
Carbon Nanotubes Effect for Polymer Materials on Break Down Voltage IJECEIAES
Epoxy resin composites reinforced to different types of carbon nano-particles have been fabricated. Carbon black (20, 30 and 40 wt. %), graphene (0.5 to 4 wt. %) and carbon nanotubes (CNT) (0.5 to 2 wt. %) were added with different weight percentages to epoxy. The dielectric strength of composites was tested in several conditions such as (dry, wet, low salinity and high salinity). The mechanical characterization showed that the nano-composite Polymer enhanced by using these particles in the tensile strength. Thermal gravimetric analysis shows effect of these nano-particles on the thermal structure of epoxy resin. Scanning Electron Microscopic test is used to characterize the dispersion of carbon nano-particles and to analysis the fractured parts in the nano scale.
The reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on portland cement paste are investigated. It is dis- covered that the introduction of 0.05% by weight GO sheets into the cement paste can increase the compressive strength and tensile strength Of the cement composite due to the reduction of the pore structure of the cement paste.The overall results indicate that GO reinforcing the engineering properties of portland cement.
Grinding graphene characteristics after physical processjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : Graphene features higher thermal conductivity than copper. However, despite its superior property, the research on its applicable technology was limited since the van der Waals’ forces between graphene. As a solution to such problem, research on making graphene distributed evenly in solvent is being actively conducted via physical and chemical method. Because the chemical method is likely to have harmful effect on the environment, we used the environmental-friendly process that does not consume toxic chemicals, and suitable for application. In this study, ball milling process controllable a range of experiment conditions more easily and conveniently than other physical methods was conducted so as to disperse graphene evenly in solvent and improve the thermal conductivity. Therefore, the effect of milling process was confirmed in TEM image and Raman ratio, and the shearing force makes the edge of graphene piece defective. When graphene is evenly dispersed, the wide specific surface area absorbs a great deal of light, improving absorbance. We confirmed the absorbance of pristine graphene was showed below milling graphene and considerable thermal conductivity increase compared to pristine graphene.
Keywords: Ball milling, Graphene, Nano-fluid, Physical process, Thermal conductivity
In this experimental study, the reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on portland cement paste are investigated. It is dis- covered that the introduction of 0.05% by weight GO sheets into the cement paste can increase the compressive strength and tensile strength Of the cement composite due to the reduction of the pore structure of the cement paste.The inclusion of the GO Sheets enhances the degree of hydration of the cement paste. However, the workability of the GO-cement composite becomes somewhat Reduced. The overall results indicate that GO reinforcing the engineering properties of portland cement.
Graphene field-effect transistor simulation with TCAD on top-gate dielectric ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the influence of top-gate dielectric material for graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) using TCAD simulation. Apart from silicon-based dielectric that is typically used for top-gate structure, other high-dielectric constant (high-k) dielectric materials namely aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide are also involved in the analysis deliberately to improve the electrical properties of the GFET. The unique GFET current-voltage characteristics against several top-gate dielectric thicknesses are also investigated to guide the wafer fabrication engineers during the process optimization stage. The improvement to critical electrical parameters of GFET in terms of higher saturation drain current and greater on/off current ratio shows that the use of high-k dielectric material with very thin oxide layer is absolutely necessary.
Biological and Medical Applications of Graphene NanoparticlesAI Publications
Graphene which is one of the latest additions to nanocarbon family has peculiar band structure, extraordinary thermal and electronic conductance and room temperature quantum Hall effect. It is used in for various applications in diverse fields ranging from catalysis to electronics. In addition to being components in electronic devices, GO have been used in nanocomposite materials, polymer composite materials, energy storage, biomedical applications, catalysis and as a surfactant with some overlaps between these fields Graphene oxide is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
Modeling of Dirac voltage for highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor...journalBEEI
In this paper, the modeling approach of Dirac voltage extraction of highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) measured at atmospheric pressure is presented. The difference of measurement results between atmospheric and vacuum pressures was analyzed. This work was started with actual wafer-scale fabrication of GFET with the purposes of getting functional device and good contact of metal/graphene interface. The output and transfer characteristic curves were measured accordingly to support on GFET functionality and suitability of presented wafer fabrication flow. The Dirac voltage was derived based on the measured output characteristic curve using ambipolar virtual source model parameter extraction methodology. The circuit-level simulation using frequency doubler circuit shows the importance of accurate Dirac voltage value to the device practicality towards design integration.
ROOF TILE POWDER AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT TO CEMENT IN MASONRY MORTARcivej
Ordinary Portland cement is an inevitable material for construction. However, it is highly energy intensive
and liable for the emission of green house gases. In this context, utilization of pozzolanic materials as
supplementary cementing materials has become the leading research interest in recent decades. Roof tile
industries generate huge amount of solid waste materials during their manufacturing processes. Disposal
of these waste materials is serious environmental concern. This paper presents the results of the study
conducted on the potential of roof tile powder (RTP) as a cement replacement material in mortar. The
physical, chemical and mineralogical compositions of RTP were investigated. Strength characteristics of
masonry mortar with varying proportions of RTP as cement replacement were tested. The test results verify
the potential of roof tile powder as partial replacement to cement in masonry mortar upto an extend of 15-
20% in 1:3 and 1:5 mortar proportions respectively.
The reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on portland cement paste are investigated. It is dis- covered that the introduction of 0.05% by weight GO sheets into the cement paste can increase the compressive strength and tensile strength Of the cement composite due to the reduction of the pore structure of the cement paste.The overall results indicate that GO reinforcing the engineering properties of portland cement.
Grinding graphene characteristics after physical processjournal ijrtem
ABSTRACT : Graphene features higher thermal conductivity than copper. However, despite its superior property, the research on its applicable technology was limited since the van der Waals’ forces between graphene. As a solution to such problem, research on making graphene distributed evenly in solvent is being actively conducted via physical and chemical method. Because the chemical method is likely to have harmful effect on the environment, we used the environmental-friendly process that does not consume toxic chemicals, and suitable for application. In this study, ball milling process controllable a range of experiment conditions more easily and conveniently than other physical methods was conducted so as to disperse graphene evenly in solvent and improve the thermal conductivity. Therefore, the effect of milling process was confirmed in TEM image and Raman ratio, and the shearing force makes the edge of graphene piece defective. When graphene is evenly dispersed, the wide specific surface area absorbs a great deal of light, improving absorbance. We confirmed the absorbance of pristine graphene was showed below milling graphene and considerable thermal conductivity increase compared to pristine graphene.
Keywords: Ball milling, Graphene, Nano-fluid, Physical process, Thermal conductivity
In this experimental study, the reinforcing effects of graphene oxide (GO) on portland cement paste are investigated. It is dis- covered that the introduction of 0.05% by weight GO sheets into the cement paste can increase the compressive strength and tensile strength Of the cement composite due to the reduction of the pore structure of the cement paste.The inclusion of the GO Sheets enhances the degree of hydration of the cement paste. However, the workability of the GO-cement composite becomes somewhat Reduced. The overall results indicate that GO reinforcing the engineering properties of portland cement.
Graphene field-effect transistor simulation with TCAD on top-gate dielectric ...TELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
This paper presents the influence of top-gate dielectric material for graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) using TCAD simulation. Apart from silicon-based dielectric that is typically used for top-gate structure, other high-dielectric constant (high-k) dielectric materials namely aluminum oxide and hafnium oxide are also involved in the analysis deliberately to improve the electrical properties of the GFET. The unique GFET current-voltage characteristics against several top-gate dielectric thicknesses are also investigated to guide the wafer fabrication engineers during the process optimization stage. The improvement to critical electrical parameters of GFET in terms of higher saturation drain current and greater on/off current ratio shows that the use of high-k dielectric material with very thin oxide layer is absolutely necessary.
Biological and Medical Applications of Graphene NanoparticlesAI Publications
Graphene which is one of the latest additions to nanocarbon family has peculiar band structure, extraordinary thermal and electronic conductance and room temperature quantum Hall effect. It is used in for various applications in diverse fields ranging from catalysis to electronics. In addition to being components in electronic devices, GO have been used in nanocomposite materials, polymer composite materials, energy storage, biomedical applications, catalysis and as a surfactant with some overlaps between these fields Graphene oxide is a unique material that can be viewed as a single monomolecular layer of graphite with various oxygen containing functionalities such as epoxide, carbonyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
Modeling of Dirac voltage for highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor...journalBEEI
In this paper, the modeling approach of Dirac voltage extraction of highly p-doped graphene field-effect transistor (GFET) measured at atmospheric pressure is presented. The difference of measurement results between atmospheric and vacuum pressures was analyzed. This work was started with actual wafer-scale fabrication of GFET with the purposes of getting functional device and good contact of metal/graphene interface. The output and transfer characteristic curves were measured accordingly to support on GFET functionality and suitability of presented wafer fabrication flow. The Dirac voltage was derived based on the measured output characteristic curve using ambipolar virtual source model parameter extraction methodology. The circuit-level simulation using frequency doubler circuit shows the importance of accurate Dirac voltage value to the device practicality towards design integration.
ROOF TILE POWDER AS A PARTIAL REPLACEMENT TO CEMENT IN MASONRY MORTARcivej
Ordinary Portland cement is an inevitable material for construction. However, it is highly energy intensive
and liable for the emission of green house gases. In this context, utilization of pozzolanic materials as
supplementary cementing materials has become the leading research interest in recent decades. Roof tile
industries generate huge amount of solid waste materials during their manufacturing processes. Disposal
of these waste materials is serious environmental concern. This paper presents the results of the study
conducted on the potential of roof tile powder (RTP) as a cement replacement material in mortar. The
physical, chemical and mineralogical compositions of RTP were investigated. Strength characteristics of
masonry mortar with varying proportions of RTP as cement replacement were tested. The test results verify
the potential of roof tile powder as partial replacement to cement in masonry mortar upto an extend of 15-
20% in 1:3 and 1:5 mortar proportions respectively.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
In manufacturing, many products need to undergo increasing customisation, and a shortening of the manufacturing cycle time. This makes the time needed to produce prototypes one of the most important contributors to product development cycles. Rapid Prototyping (RP) offers the user the ability to optimise part design in order to meet customer requirements with few manufacturing restrictions. One of the most common RP processes is Laser Sintering (LS). A problem with LS is that sometimes the surface of the parts produced displays a texture similar to that of the skin of an orange (the so-called orange peel texture). This problem must be addressed before the technology can gain wider acceptance. The main aim of this research is to develop a methodology of controlling the input material properties that will ensure consistent and good quality of the fabricated parts. From the experiment, it was found that PA12 powder with high melt flow rate, low melting temperature, low glass transition temperature and low degree of crystallization temperature could improve the sintering process to produce a good Laser Sintering (LS) parts with lower shrinkage rate. The powder which has higher melt viscosity and lower melting heat becomes liquid more easily and therefore flows better during the sintering process due to a shorter chain molecular structure. The results of experimental work indicate that the melt viscosity, and part surface finish are correlated.
This paper explains the fabrication of thin film using modified Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) Module. Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) is a variety of vacuum deposition and is a general term used to describe any of a variety of methods to deposit thin films by the condensation of a vaporized form of the material onto various surfaces. The surface morphology of various such as Titanium Dioxide and Aluminum thin film has been studied. The Titanium Dioxide and Aluminum thin film has been fabricated on Silicon (Si) substrate using modified Physical Vapor Deposition (PVD) module system. The process started with the establishment of process flow, process modules, and process parameters. Two modules were developed. The characteristics prior to the thin film fabrication namely surface morphology, metal thickness characterization and V-I characteristic were recorded. The samples were characterized by Optical Microscope, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM),X-ray diffraction (XRD) and I - V characterization. The result and data were analyzed and applied in the fabrication of thin film using various materials. The thin film fabrication process used Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) nanopowder and Aluminum (Al2O3) nanopowder for the coating process. The result for each processes are presented in this paper.
The effectiveness of MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb phosphor in enhancing the luminous e...IJECEIAES
In this research paper, we introduced yellow-green MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb as a new phosphor ingredient to adapt to the quality requirements on the chromatic homogeneity and emitted luminous flux of modern multi-chip white LED lights (MCW-LEDs). The results from experiments and simulation show that employing MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb 3+ phosphor can lead to much better optical properties and therefore is a perfect supporting material to achieve the goals of the research. When the MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb phosphor is added into the phosphorus composite which already contains YAG: Ce particles, and the silicone glue, it affects the optical properties significantly. In other words, the concentration of this phosphor can determine the efficiency of lumen output and chromatic homogeneity of WLEDs. In specific, as the concentration of MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb 3+ go up, the luminous yield will increase accordingly, though there is an insignificant decrease in CQS. Moreover, if the MgCeAl 11 O 19 :Tb 3+ concentration reduce a little bit, it is possible to better the correlated color temperature uniformity and lumen efficacy of LED packages. In addition, the Mie scattering theory, Monte Carlo simulation and LightTools 8.3.2 software are employed to analyze and simulate the LED packages’ structure as well as the phosphor compound.
Influence of Thickness on Electrical and Structural Properties of Zinc Oxide ...paperpublications3
Abstract: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) thin films were prepared on corning (7059) glass substrates at a thickness of 75.5 and 130.5nm by RF sputtering technique. The deposition was carried out at room temperature after which the samples were annealed in open air at 1500C. The electrical and structural properties of these films were studied. The electrical properties of the films were monitored by four-point probe method while the structural properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the electrical resistance of the films decreases with increase in the thickness of the films. The XRD analysis of the films showed that the films have a peak located at 〖34.31^0-34.35〗^0with hkl (002). Other parameters calculated include the stress ( ) and the grain size (D).
The effect of functionalized carbon nanotubes on thermalmechanical performanc...IJRTEMJOURNAL
The new approaches for preparing nanocomposite coating by modificated carbon nanonotubes
(CNTs) and epoxy resin was done in the study. thermal-mechanical performance of nanocomposite coating was
investigated and the results were reported in this paper. The physic-chemical techniques such as Differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) were used to characterize the thermal
performance of Epoxy nanocomposite coating. The test techniques for mechanical properties of paint coating as
adhesion, hardness, impact resistance and bending strength were employed in the work. The results indicated
that CNTs were dispersed in epoxy coating with only ratio of 0.1 wt% enhanced the Glass Transition
Temperature (Tg), decomposition temperature of epoxy coating and improved mechanical properties
significantly. Also functionalized CNTs can be reinforced thermal-mechanical of the epoxy coating better than
neat CNTs.
Similar to Atomization of reduced graphene oxide ultra thin film for transparent electrode coating (20)
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
PHP Frameworks: I want to break free (IPC Berlin 2024)Ralf Eggert
In this presentation, we examine the challenges and limitations of relying too heavily on PHP frameworks in web development. We discuss the history of PHP and its frameworks to understand how this dependence has evolved. The focus will be on providing concrete tips and strategies to reduce reliance on these frameworks, based on real-world examples and practical considerations. The goal is to equip developers with the skills and knowledge to create more flexible and future-proof web applications. We'll explore the importance of maintaining autonomy in a rapidly changing tech landscape and how to make informed decisions in PHP development.
This talk is aimed at encouraging a more independent approach to using PHP frameworks, moving towards a more flexible and future-proof approach to PHP development.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Let's dive deeper into the world of ODC! Ricardo Alves (OutSystems) will join us to tell all about the new Data Fabric. After that, Sezen de Bruijn (OutSystems) will get into the details on how to best design a sturdy architecture within ODC.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
2. Fig. 1. The overall process flow for the experiment of transparent
conductive electrode coating.
A. Material Preparation and Atomization Process
The first step in producing transparent conductive
electrode was the production of graphene oxide (GO) solution
via modified Hummer's method. Graphite powder was used
and mixed with Sodium Nitrate (NaNO3) and concentrated
sulphuric acid (H2SO4). The solution was stirred at a constant
speed and potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was then
gradually added prior to dilution process with distilled water.
This process leads to the formation of active species;
diamanganese heptoxide (Mn2O7), which has the ability to
selectively oxidize the unsaturated double bonds graphitic
structure and reaction pathways during oxidation [11,12].
Exfoliation process was then carried out by sonicating the GO
dispersion in ambient temperature for 20 minutes to destroy
the forces between layers. Finally, the GO was fully exfoliated
to single or few layers. The GO was dispersed in ethanol with
the concentration of 1 mg/ml. Sonication is needed prior to
spray coating process.
The atomization process used an ultrasonic atomizer
system to spray coat the nano-thin film of a graphene layer on
glass slides and 200 mm silicon wafer substrate. The solution
was spray coated using NSW-MIMOS Mi-Atomizer 3.0
system. The thickness of the GO film was controlled by the
number of spray passes of the GO solution. For the purpose of
this experiment, we fixed the number of the spray passes to 1,
2, 3 and 4 passes.
B. Functionalization Process
In this work, two functionalization methods were used to
make the GO film electrically conductive and yet transparent.
For making the GO film electrically conductive, thermal
reduction process was introduced to the film. The first method
is based on the Rapid Thermal Process (RTP) with
temperature of up to 1100°C and continuous flow of N2 gas in
the RTP chamber. The AMAT Centura RTP system was used
for this experiment. This reduction process is to reduce the
oxygen-containing functional groups from the basal plane and
the edge of the GO film on silicon dioxide wafer substrate and
the glass slide. This reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film on
silicon dioxide wafer is needed for the measurement of sheet
resistance by Four Point Probe system to study the uniformity
of the thin film coated on a large substrate (200mm wafer
diameter). The second method is based on the thermal
annealing in plasma enhanced CVD chamber with the
temperature of up to 700°C with continuous flow of N2 gas.
The Oxford Instrument Nanofab-700 PECVD System was
used for the reduction process. The maximum temperature for
the system is 700°C.
C. Patterning Process
The rGO transparent electrode was then patterned using
standard lithography and plasma etching process, which
includes the coating of photoresist on the rGO film, the
photoresist exposure and developing step, and the etching of
unwanted rGO film area using plasma etching in PECVD
system.
D. Characterization Methods
The transparency percentage (% Transparency) of the rGO
film on the glass slides were then measured using the Agilent
Cary 7000 Universal Measurement Spectrophotometer (UV-
Vis & UV-Vis-NIR Systems). The sheet resistance of rGO
film on SiO2/Si wafers was measured using KLA Tencor
Prometrix RS75 Four Point Probe system. The Bruker Innova
Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) is also being used for the
measurement of the rGO film thickness coated on the silicon
wafer. The results were then analyzed to study the spray
passes and the functionalization effects.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
The number of spray passes can control the thickness of
thin films. The number of spray passes can be translated into
the volume of the GO solution. Four samples with different
spray passes, which the spray volume varies from 500 μL,
1000 μL, 1500 μL, and 2000 μL were prepared to study the
correlation between process parameters and the physical
characteristics of the thin films. Table I showed the sheet
resistance and the uniformity of rGO films for different
functionalization methods (RTP and PECVD). From the
analysis, the RTP based reduction method clearly
outperformed the PECVD method. The RTP samples have
shown much better performance, which one decade lower
sheet resistance as compared to PECVD based reduction
method. Therefore, the RTP samples were chosen for further
analysis to study their characteristics. However, there is no
value of sheet resistance for the sample with only one spray
pass regardless of their functionalization method. This is
because of the rGO film was not properly formed on the
substrate and the rGO flakes were not fully connected. The
results also indicated that the sheet resistance and the non-
uniformity of the thin films decreased with an additional
number of spray passes demonstrating that the thickness of the
rGO thin films increases with increasing spray passes. The
uniformity of the thin film is also improved when the
thickness of the thin film increased. In order to achieve 90%
uniformity of the rGO thin films, at least 3-spray passes are
required to deposit the nanomaterial on silicon substrate.
PECVD samples are not stable and there is no data available
for the non-uniformity of these samples.
TABLE I. SHEET RESISTANCE AND UNIFORMITY OF RGO (RTP &
PECVD)
Reduction
Method
Sheet Resistance, Rs (kΩ/sq) & Non-Uniformity (%)
1 Pass 2 Pass 3 Pass 4 Pass
RTP
N/A Rs: 12.3 Rs: 5.3 Rs: 3.3
N/A NU: 14.22% NU: 9.38% NU: 6.98%
PECVD
N/A 700 160 70
N/A N/A N/A N/A
3. The rGO thin films pattern on glass substrate were shown
in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3. These all are the RTP samples that have
lower sheet resistance as compared to PECVD samples. The
images clearly showed that the rGO films were successfully
patterned on SiO2/Si substrate and glass slides by using
standard lithography process and plasma etching. The
darkness of the rGO thin films increased with increasing spray
passes as clearly shown in Fig. 2. There is a strong correlation
between the densities of rGO flakes with the number of spray
passes. In Fig. 3, the microscope images showed the density
of rGO flakes increased with increasing spray passes.
Fig. 2. rGO films pattern on glass slides for different spray passes.
Fig. 3. Optical microscope images for rGO film coated on a glass substrate.
The thickness of the rGO thin film for different spray
passes was measured using AFM analysis. Fig. 4 showed the
3D model of AFM measurement for a single spray pass, which
points out that the thickness of the rGO thin film is about 4.631
nm. According to Shi et al. [3], the thickness of a single layer
rGO is about 1.2 nm. This means that a single spray pass may
result in a thin film deposition consist of a few layers of rGO
flakes. The correlation study of thin film thickness and the
number of spray passes (Fig. 5) showed the linear correlation
with the R-squared (R2
) about 0.9547. It is based on the
average thickness of rGO thin film measured at several
locations on the silicon substrate. In average, the thickness of
the rGO thin films for 1, 2 and 3-spray passes are 5 nm, 9 nm,
and 11 nm respectively.
Fig. 4. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) measurement for a single spray
pass.
The value of the average thickness is much larger than that
of pristine graphene, which was reported as about 0.3 nm [13].
However, the average thickness of the rGO thin film is
comparable to a few-layers rGO, which is about 1.3 nm in ref.
[14] and 1.2 nm in ref. [15]. The rGO is thicker than pristine
graphene is because of the existence of residual covalently
bonded reducing agent i.e. oxygen-containing functional
groups such as carbonyl, carboxyl, and hydroxyl groups [14].
Fig. 5. Correlation study of rGO films thickness with spray passes.
Theoretically, pristine graphene has excellent
optoelectronic properties such as high conductivity (Rs < 102
Ω/sq) at transparency higher than 90% for optical transmission
at 550 nm wavelength [6]. However, for the graphene
derivative materials, these optoelectronic properties are
normally degraded and very much dependent on the
preparation and functionalization methods. Fig. 6 showed the
GO and rGO transparency percentage for a various number of
spray passes. The percentage of transparency of GO thin films
is higher than rGO thin films. Increasing the number of spray
passes would also reduce the transparency percentage. This is
because of the thickness of the thin films become thicker when
more GO flakes drop on the substrate. There is a trade-off
between the optical conductivity and electrical conductivity.
Therefore, optimization of the reduction process is needed to
ensure good quality of rGO thin films formed on the substrate,
which can produce low sheet resistance and high light
transmittance.
4. Fig. 6. GO and rGO light transmittance percentage at different wavelength
with different spray passes.
Table II below summarized the percentage of transparency
of the GO and rGO at 550 nm wavelength optical
transmission. The GO thin films showed degradation of
%Transparency with an increasing number of spray passes but
the reduction of light transmittance percentage is much lower
as compared to rGO thin film materials. All GO samples with
1, 2 and 3 spray passes have more than 95% transparency but
when the layer went through the reduction RTP process, then
the degradation rate becomes more severe resulted the rGO
thin films with 3 spray passes to reduced down to 77%
transparency. In comparison with other types of materials as
reported by Hofmann et al. [16], the %Transparency of rGO
in this study is comparable to the ITO, silver nanowire
(AgNWs), single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) and polystyrene
sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) but with one decade higher sheet
resistance. However, it is noted that the FOM (Figure-of-
Merit) of the rGO thin films from this study is higher than the
previously reported rGO by Shi et al. [3], which the
transmittance (%) is only about 68.7% to 79.6% with the sheet
resistances between 58 kΩ/sq to 3140 kΩ/sq.
TABLE II. TRANSPARENCY PERCENTAGE OF GO AND RGO (RTP)
#Pass
% Transparency
Graphene Oxide, GO
Reduced Graphene Oxide,
rGO (RTP)
1 98.6% 91.6%
2 97.1% 84.9%
3 96.2% 77.1%
For the transparent conductive electrode (TCE) to be
considered for industrial application, it should have a sheet
resistance of less than 100 Ω/sq at more than 90%
transparency [17]. However, in a real application, the
requirements on the TCE strongly depends on the specific
application [18].
IV. CONCLUSION
Ultrasonic atomization process was introduced as one of
the methods to deposit nanomaterials coating on large
diameter substrate i.e. silicon/glass wafer for the transparent
conductive electrode. The thickness of the thin films can be
controlled within a nanometer-scale with high uniformity
coating process. This is one the low-cost solution for high
volume production of TCE and it has high potential for
scaling-up production. As a proof-of-concept, we have
successfully fabricated the transparent electrode on 200 mm
silicon wafers and glass slides with good transparency
percentage (>77%). RTP reduction method with temperature
of up 1100 ℃ has shown better performance in comparison
with PECVD reduction method.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
The authors acknowledge funding from the Government
of Malaysia under the 11MP program (P11-Establishment of
National Nanoelectronics Shared Infrastructure). This work
was performed with the collaboration between MIMOS
Berhad, NSW Automation Sdn. Bhd, and Faculty of
Engineering, Multimedia University.
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