Process for recycling of nanocellulose

Recycled nanocellulose films were produced from virgin nanocellulose films using laboratory dispersion techniques under ISO standard conditions. While the strength and barrier performance of the recycled films were reduced compared to the virgin films, the barrier performance was still comparable to synthetic polymers like LDPE. Remarkably, the energy required to recycle the nanocellulose film waste into a nanofiber suspension was two orders of magnitude less than originally required to produce the nanofibers. This shows that recycling nanocellulose film waste is an attractive option from an energy perspective.

Recycling of Nanocellulose Films

This document summarizes research investigating the recyclability of nanocellulose films as an alternative to non-recyclable polyolefin packaging materials. Virgin nanocellulose films were recycled using standard dispersion and vacuum filtration techniques. The recycled films retained around 70% of the strength of virgin films and had a water vapor permeability that doubled but was still comparable to synthetic polymers. Scanning electron microscopy showed no fiber damage or agglomeration during recycling. The recycled films had decreased uniformity at small scales but increased uniformity at large scales compared to virgin films. The retained strength, barrier properties, and ease of reprocessing demonstrate that nanocellulose films could provide a sustainable and recyclable alternative to conventional packaging.

Structure of Spray Coated Nanocomposite

Prof. Dr. Tamer Y A Fahmy

Nanocrystalline cellulose for controlled release of drugs.

tacomeauDal

The document summarizes an interview with Dr. Helen M. Burt about her research using nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC) for drug delivery. Some key points discussed include: - NCC shows potential for high drug payloads and controlled drug release due to its large surface area and negative surface charge. - Surface modification of NCC allows altering drug loading and release. Target diseases include topical delivery for wound healing and implantation in surgical sites. - Hydrophobic drugs bind to NCC coated with a cationic surfactant, while hydrophilic drugs bind ionically via surface charge interactions. - Further research is needed to optimize drug binding, controlled release properties, and evaluate biocomp

Nanocellulose Poster presentation

AjeetSaini3

Nano cellulose can be extracted from various biomass sources through acid hydrolysis. It has high strength and durability due to its nanostructure. The document discusses extracting nano cellulose from waste biomass and analyzing the properties of composites made from the extracted cellulose. It outlines objectives to extract nano cellulose and analyze composite properties. The methodology includes literature review, experimental setup, sample preparation, testing, analysis and conclusions.

Sustainability of Paper & Sugar Industries via Molasses: Novel Green Nanocomp...

The present work leads to sustainability (responsible management of resources consumption) of both paper and sugar industries. It, simultaneously, upgrades recycled waste paper (namely old newsprint) and creates a new use for molasses (an important byproduct of the sugar industry). This study introduces -for the first time world wide- a novel environmentally safe approach to upgrade recycled natural cellulose fibers (waste paper namely old newsprint), for use as specialty paper green nanocomposites suitable for several advanced purposes. The recycled cellulose fibers are upgraded by increasing their alpha cellulose content, and restoring their natural nanoporous structure, which is -normally- collapsed due to the first cycle of papermaking. Molasses is then incorporated into this restored nanoporous structure to obtain paper green nanocomposites filled with kaolin in presence of molasses. In comparison to conventionally recycled waste paper, the green paper nanocomposites -produced in this work- exhibit high dry and wet strength, and a surprisingly tremendous retention of inorganic fillers used in papermaking. This was achieved through a green nanotechnology process, where the solvent used is water (the ideal green solvent). The input and output components are renewable environmentally safe materials i.e. waste paper (cellulose fibers) and molasses (a by product of the sugar industry). The procedures used are simple physical processes conducted at room temperature rather than hazardous chemical reactions. Thus, saving energy, and decreasing the risk of chemical and thermal accidents, pollutive releases, explosions, and fires.

IRNI IRISHA NAZLI (AA12114) PSM2

Irni Irisha

This document discusses a study investigating the mechanical properties of recycled plastic in polymer concrete. The objectives are to examine the effect of plastic waste on polymer concrete's mechanical properties and durability, and determine the optimum plastic waste mix. Testing was done on samples containing polypropylene, high-density polyethylene, and polyethylene. Results showed the three plastics were suitable for construction materials as compressive strength, flexural strength, and water absorption met standards. The recycled plastic reduced waste while not using natural resources. Further testing on additional durability was recommended.

This document examines the influence of drying on the mechanical behavior of flax fibers and their composites. It finds that drying flax fibers significantly reduces their failure stress and strain. Analysis suggests drying lowers the shear strength of secondary cell walls from 45 MPa with 6.4% water content to only 9 MPa when dried. Tensile tests on flax/epoxy composites with dried versus untreated fibers confirm drying reduces composite strength properties. The presence of absorbed water in natural fibers is a concern for composite manufacturing but removing it damages fiber structure and properties.

WOOD NANOCELLULOSE

Dr. PAVIN PRAIZE SUNNY

This document discusses nanocellulose, which refers to nano-structured cellulose that can be produced from wood pulp and other cellulose sources. Nanocellulose includes cellulose nanofibers (CNF), microfibrillated cellulose (MFC), and nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC). Nanocellulose is pseudo-plastic and exhibits thixotropy, becoming less viscous when shaken. It has a wide range of applications including in paper, composites, food products, medical products, and as a reinforcement material.

An experimental study on the effect of alkali treatment on properties of kena...

eSAT Journals

Abstract Kenaf fibers are coming into interest to use in reinforced concrete elements in recent years due to its attractive properties such as non-abrasive, lightweight and renewable. However, the properties of kenaf fiber such as high moisture absorption and weak in interfacial adhesion make the use of kenaf fiber in reinforced concrete elements become less attractive. Alkali treatment is one of the best used chemical treatment for natural fibers. It help to increase the fiber surface roughness by chemically modify and clean the fiber surface. The purpose of this research is to do a fundamental study on the effects of alkali solutions to the kenaf fiber. There are a lot of researchers conducted study on the effects of different concentrations of NaOH on kenaf fiber. However, there is no information about the study of alkali treatment of kenaf fiber with different pH. Therefore, this study seeks to determine the effects of alkali pH on the properties of kenaf fiber. By theoretically, the pH of concrete is around 13, so it is important to have a better understanding on the effects of alkaline to the kenaf fiber especially pH 13. The finding of the research can help to develop an effective use of fiber in cementitious materials. The problem of water absorption of kenaf fiber could appear if fibers are directly introduced in concrete. For these reasons, in this study, different pH of NaOH ( pH 8 to 14) were used and the effects on the colour of fiber, weight loss and water absorption of treated kenaf fibers were evaluated. Keywords: Kenaf fiber; Natural fiber; Alkali treatment; Weight loss; Water absorption

Immobilization of enzymes and cells

KARTHIK REDDY C A

This document discusses different methods of immobilizing enzymes and cells, including gel entrapment, encapsulation, adsorption, and containment behind barriers. Gel entrapment involves trapping cells in a polymeric network formed by gelling or cross-linking agents. Encapsulation forms a continuous membrane around cells. Adsorption adheres bacterial cells to a support matrix through various forces. Immobilized cells and enzymes have applications in wastewater treatment and biodiesel production.

Nano cellulose

Ahsan Aronno

This document describes a method for obtaining cellulose nanofibers with a uniform width of 15 nm from wood. Key steps include solvent extraction, removal of lignin and hemicellulose, grinding the purified cellulose into a slurry, and keeping the nanofibers in a water-swollen state to prevent hydrogen bonding between bundles. SEM images showed continuous nanofibers forming a fine network without thicker fibrils. Nanocomposites made with the fibers demonstrated high light transmittance and a low coefficient of thermal expansion, indicating their reinforcing properties. The method provides a way to produce environmentally friendly natural nanomaterials on a nano scale.

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ARE THE FUTURE for packaging industries

Prajwal Ghadekar

Flexible packaging consumption’s rapid growth represents a $38 billion market in the global Community. As the demand in the industry continues to rise at an average of 3.5% each year, flexible materials need to meet and exceed the high expectations of consumers And the stressors of the supply chain. Increased competition between suppliers Along with government regulations translates into innovations in films that enhance product and Package performance as well as address worldwide concerns with packaging waste. One such innovation is polymer nanocomposite technology which holds the key to future Advances in flexible packaging. According to Aaron Brody in a December, 2003 Food Technology article, “…Nano composites appear capable of approaching the elusive goal of converting plastic into a superbarrier—the equivalent of glass or metal—without upsetting regulators” (Brody, 2003). This paper will discuss how nanocomposites are made and the growth of nanocomposite materials as a function of their numerous advantages in the packaging industry today and in the future.

BIO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOCELLULOSE

Arjun K Gopi

Nanocellulose is a lightweight, high-strength material produced from cellulose sources like wood pulp through mechanical and chemical processes. It has properties making it suitable for applications like reinforced polymers, optical films, and biomedical uses. Nanocellulose can be used as tissue scaffolds, drug delivery systems, blood vessel replacements, and other medical biomaterials due to its biocompatibility, renewability, and impressive mechanical properties. The document discusses the production, properties, and medical applications of different types of nanocellulose like microfibrillated cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose.

Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...

Recycled nanocellulose films retained 70% of the strength of virgin films but had double the water vapor permeability. This was likely due to bundles of cellulose nanofibers that did not fully separate during recycling, hindering uniform packing and reducing density. At the fiber level and under high magnification SEM, recycled and virgin films were identical, but recycled films had poorer optical uniformity and strength at larger length scales. Recycling reduced barrier performance but it was still much better than conventional packaging materials. The major issue was incomplete breakdown of nanocellulose sheets into individual fibers during recycling.

Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films

This document summarizes research on developing barrier films from nanocellulose using spray coating. Spray coating nanocellulose suspensions allows the density and barrier properties of resulting films to be tailored by adjusting the solid content. Films produced through spray coating at 1.0-2.0% nanocellulose content had an air permeance below 0.003 μm/Pa*s, indicating they could serve as effective packaging materials. Water vapor permeability of spray coated films ranged from 6.99-4.19×10-11 g/m*Pa*s depending on basis weight and decreased further at higher solid contents, demonstrating potential as an alternative to synthetic plastics for packaging applications.

Developing nanocellulose films via spray coating

The document discusses developing nanocellulose based functional materials using spray coating. It provides background on nanocellulose and its potential as an eco-friendly barrier material. Existing techniques for preparing nanocellulose films/sheets are commercially infeasible or expensive. The document outlines preliminary research using spray coating to rapidly prepare free-standing nanocellulose films and coat nanocellulose on base sheets. Future work proposed includes developing a continuous spray coating process to produce nanocomposite sheets with enhanced barrier properties.

Coating of nanocellulose on the filters

This document summarizes research on developing a two-layer depth filter with improved filtration performance. The researchers spray coated an anionic cellulose nanofibre (CNF) layer onto a cationic depth filter base sheet. This created a filter with triple functionality: 1) the cationic base sheet could adsorb anionic molecules; 2) the anionic CNF top layer could adsorb cationic molecules; and 3) the CNF layer acted as a microfiltration membrane. Testing showed that a CNF coat weight of 8 g/m2 optimized performance, rejecting 80% of 5000 kDa polyethylene glycol at a flux of 133 LMH, while still effectively absorbing the cationic dye methylene blue.

Improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre fabric reinforced epoxy ...

Libo Yan

This document summarizes a study on improving the mechanical properties of natural fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites through alkali treatment. Three composites were made with flax, linen, and bamboo fabric reinforced epoxy. Alkali treatment involved immersing the fabrics and fibers in 5% sodium hydroxide solution for 30 minutes. Testing showed alkali treatment decreased tensile strength and modulus of single fibers but increased tensile and flexural strength of the composites by improving fiber-epoxy adhesion. Scanning electron microscopy also showed improved fiber-matrix interfaces after alkali treatment.

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were blended with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS], and cast into thin films. The morphology, structure and electrical properties of the resulting nanocomposite thin films were thoroughly characterized. We found that the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into a layered vertical stack with a pitch of 100–200 nm while retaining a continuous percolation network for PEDOT. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering measurements confirmed the wrapping of polymer chains around the rod-like CNCs. The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains with concomitant improvement in the carrier mobility. The remarkable self-organization and enhanced structural order enabled the CNC– PEDOT:PSS blends to exhibit a high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS even when the content of the insulating CNCs in the nanocomposite was as high as 50 wt%.

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

The document describes research on nanocomposites made from blending cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) with PEDOT:PSS. Key findings include: 1) CNC-PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into layered vertical stacks with a pitch of 100-200nm while maintaining a continuous polymer network. 2) Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering, and multi-angle light scattering confirm wrapping of polymer chains around rod-like CNCs. 3) Blended films exhibit improved molecular ordering of PEDOT chains and enhanced structural order, enabling high conductivity even at 50wt% insulating CNC content.

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

The document describes research on nanocomposites made of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) blended with PEDOT:PSS. Key findings include: 1) CNC-PEDOT:PSS blends were found to self-organize into layered vertical stacks with a pitch of 100-200nm, while maintaining electrical conductivity even at 50wt% CNC loading. 2) Measurements showed the PEDOT polymer chains wrapped around the rod-like CNCs. 3) The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of PEDOT chains and enhanced structural order, enabling high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS.

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were blended with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS], and cast into thin films. The morphology, structure and electrical properties of the resulting nanocomposite thin films were thoroughly characterized. We found that the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into a layered vertical stack with a pitch of 100–200 nm while retaining a continuous percolation network for PEDOT. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering measurements confirmed the wrapping of polymer chains around the rod-like CNCs. The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains with concomitant improvement in the carrier mobility. The remarkable self-organization and enhanced structural order enabled the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends to exhibit a high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS even when the content of the insulating CNCs in the nanocomposite was as high as 50 wt%.

Engineering Nanocellulose films and their composites via spray coating

Kirubanandan Shanmugam developed a novel spray coating method for rapidly preparing smooth nanocellulose films as an alternative to vacuum filtration. The spray coating method allows for control of film basis weight from 50-200 g/m2 by varying the nanocellulose suspension concentration. Films have a surface roughness of 380 nm and can be produced quickly, with each sheet taking only 1 minute to produce. Initial results found the spray coated films to have mechanical properties comparable to vacuum filtered films. Overall, the spray coating method enables more efficient production of nanocellulose films with properties that can be tailored for various applications.

updated project presentation - Project Composite A.pptx

NITIN JOHRI

Composite materials are a combination of two materials that improve the properties of their base materials. Humans have used composites for thousands of years, starting with the Mesopotamians gluing wood strips. The matrix binds and holds reinforcements like fibers or particles to improve strength and stiffness over traditional materials. This project focuses on creating a polymer hybrid composite using coir and banana fibers reinforced in a polylactic acid matrix. These natural fibers are chosen due to their abundance, low cost, and good mechanical properties. The hand layup method will be used to fabricate the composite.

Edible films from polysaccharides

11.edible films from polysaccharides

This document discusses edible films made from polysaccharides. It provides an overview of suitable materials for making edible films, including polysaccharides like starch, alginate, carrageenan, cellulose derivatives, and pectin. The document also describes methods for applying edible films and coatings to foods, such as dipping, brushing, and spraying. The main advantages of edible films are that they are edible, biodegradable, and can help extend the shelf life of foods.

Synthesis of bioplastics

Siddarth Sandimani

2010_MRS_Berglund.pdf

yassine471731

Cellulose biocomposites are widely used in industry as a low-cost engineering material with plant fiber reinforcement. However, chemical and microstructural heterogeneity causes low strength, low strain-to-failure, high moisture sensitivity, and odor and discoloration problems. Efforts toward improved performance through fiber orientation control, increased fiber lengths, and biopolymer use are reviewed. Interfacial strength control and moisture sensitivity are remaining challenges. As an attractive alternative reinforcement, high-quality cellulose nanofibers obtained by wood pulp fiber disintegration can be prepared at low cost. These nanofibers have high length/diameter ratios, diameters in the 5–15 nm range, and intrinsically superior physical properties. Wood cellulose nanofibers are interesting as an alternative reinforcement to more expensive nanoparticles, such as carbon nanotubes. Nanopaper and polymer matrix nanocomposites based on cellulose nanofiber networks show high strength, high workof-fracture, low moisture adsorption, low thermal expansion, high thermal stability, high thermal conductivity, exceptional barrier properties, and high optical transparency. The favorable mechanical performance of bioinspired foams and low-density aerogels is reviewed. Future applications of cellulose biocomposites will be extended from the highvolume/low-cost end toward high-tech applications, where cellulose properties are fully exploited in nanostructured materials.

What's hot

Influence of drying on the mechanical behaviour of flax fibres and their unid...

Hari Kumar Hariks

WOOD NANOCELLULOSE

Dr. PAVIN PRAIZE SUNNY

An experimental study on the effect of alkali treatment on properties of kena...

eSAT Journals

Immobilization of enzymes and cells

KARTHIK REDDY C A

Nano cellulose

Ahsan Aronno

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ARE THE FUTURE for packaging industries

Prajwal Ghadekar

What's hot (6)

Influence of drying on the mechanical behaviour of flax fibres and their unid...

WOOD NANOCELLULOSE

An experimental study on the effect of alkali treatment on properties of kena...

Immobilization of enzymes and cells

Nano cellulose

POLYMER NANOCOMPOSITE ARE THE FUTURE for packaging industries

Similar to Process for recycling of nanocellulose

BIO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOCELLULOSE

Arjun K Gopi

Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...

Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films

Developing nanocellulose films via spray coating

Coating of nanocellulose on the filters

Improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre fabric reinforced epoxy ...

Libo Yan

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals were blended with Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) [PEDOT:PSS], and cast into thin films. The morphology, structure and electrical properties of the resulting nanocomposite thin films were thoroughly characterized. We found that the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends self-organize into a layered vertical stack with a pitch of 100–200 nm while retaining a continuous percolation network for PEDOT. Atomic force microscopy, dynamic light scattering and multi-angle light scattering measurements confirmed the wrapping of polymer chains around the rod-like CNCs. The blended films exhibited improved molecular ordering of the PEDOT chains with concomitant improvement in the carrier mobility. The remarkable self-organization and enhanced structural order enabled the CNC–PEDOT:PSS blends to exhibit a high conductivity typical of PEDOT:PSS even when the content of the insulating CNCs in the nanocomposite was as high as 50 wt%.

Engineering Nanocellulose films and their composites via spray coating

updated project presentation - Project Composite A.pptx

NITIN JOHRI

Edible films from polysaccharides

11.edible films from polysaccharides

Synthesis of bioplastics

Siddarth Sandimani

2010_MRS_Berglund.pdf

yassine471731

Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film

This document describes a new method for rapidly producing nanocellulose films using spray coating. Nanocellulose suspensions at consistencies ranging from 1.0-2.0% were sprayed onto stainless steel plates moving at 0.32 cm/s. Films with basis weights from 52.8-193.1 g/m2 could be produced in 1 minute, significantly faster than vacuum filtration which typically takes 10 minutes. The spray coated films had a smoother surface that was in contact with the steel plates compared to the outer surface. This spray coating technique is presented as a rapid and flexible method for producing nanocellulose films at the laboratory scale.

Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...

Synthetic packaging materials are neither reprocessable, renewable nor biodegradable barrier and also difficult to recycle into useful products. While cellulose-based packaging is widely known as a renewable, reprocessable, recyclable and biodegradable material it has limited air and water vapour barrier properties. Nanocellulose (NC) has the potential to become a renewable alternative to plastic packaging barrier layers but its recyclability has not been reported. This investigation is focused on the production of spray-coated nanocellulose (NC) films and its recyclability via dispersion in water and vacuum filtration to form sheets again. Physical properties such as barrier performance and strength of NC films have been evaluated pre- and post- recycling. The recycled films retained 80% of tensile strength and significant barrier performance although the H2O vapour permeability (WVP) approximately doubled, increasing to 9.83 x 10-11 g.m-1.s-1 Pa-1, providing comparable values with for most synthetic packaging. SEM micrographs reveal no fibre agglomeration at the micro level and no damage to the fibres during recycling. The retained strength and barrier properties and facile reprocessability of the spray coated NC film promises a sustainable and recyclable alternative to conventional packaging, providing a sustainable platform for packaging industries.

Bio nanocomposite

Beena R L

Bionanocomposite materials have potential applications in food packaging due to their barrier properties and sustainability. Nanoparticles can be incorporated into biopolymers through methods like polymerization, exfoliation, and intercalation to form bionanocomposites. This improves properties such as mechanical strength and gas barrier effects compared to biopolymers alone. Bionanocomposites show promise as active packaging through inclusion of antimicrobial nanoparticles. However, more research is needed to understand potential human health risks from nanoparticle migration before wide commercial use. Regulations are being developed to ensure safety of nanomaterials used in food applications.

presentation-1.pptx

SONALIKABAL

This document describes a study on the mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties of cellulose fiber reinforced with polylactic acid (PLA). The study aims to investigate how incorporating cellulose fibers into PLA influences the composite's biodegradability. So far, the researchers have collected materials, treated the cellulose fibers with alkaline solution to remove lignin and impurities, and performed FTIR analysis to characterize the fibers. Future work will include preparing the composite, and testing its mechanical, thermal, and biodegradability properties through methods like tensile testing, DSC, and dedicated biodegradability tests.

Similar to Process for recycling of nanocellulose (20)

BIO MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF NANOCELLULOSE

Effect of Recycling of Nanocellulose on their barrier properties and mechanic...

Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films

Developing nanocellulose films via spray coating

Coating of nanocellulose on the filters

Improving the mechanical properties of natural fibre fabric reinforced epoxy ...

Remarkable self-organization and unusual conductivity behavior in cellulose n...

Engineering Nanocellulose films and their composites via spray coating

updated project presentation - Project Composite A.pptx

Edible films from polysaccharides

11.edible films from polysaccharides

Synthesis of bioplastics

2010_MRS_Berglund.pdf

Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film

Recyclability of Spray Coated Smooth Nanocellulose films as a potential susta...

Bio nanocomposite

presentation-1.pptx

More from Kirubanandan Shanmugam

Kirubanandan_Career Episode 3.pdf

Kirubanandan worked on developing, constructing, and operating an Oscillatory Flow Reactor as part of his master's research program from 2012-2013. He designed and built the experimental setup, integrating components, collecting data using LabView, and performing experiments to analyze oscillatory flow and mixing at mini scales. Kirubanandan evaluated the reactor's performance, compared it to other mixers, and published results in engineering journals to contribute to process intensification research on oscillatory flow technology.

Kirubanandan_Career Episode 2.pdf

This document summarizes the graduate engineering work of developing an alternative process for extracting Omega-3 PUFAs using a miniaturized plug flow reactor. Key points: 1. The student designed, constructed, and tested a pilot-scale mini-fluidic reactor to intensify the extraction process of Omega-3 PUFAs from fish oil using silver nitrate as a solvent. 2. Performance was evaluated against a conventional stirred tank reactor through mass balancing and the mini-fluidic reactor showed better extraction results. 3. The student investigated causes for deviations from the desired slug flow pattern in the mini-channels and worked to engineer the flow for optimal extraction.

Kirubanandan_Career Episode 1.pdf

This document summarizes a project to develop a spray coating process to produce nanocellulose and nanocomposite films for packaging applications. The author worked as a process engineer to design and construct a spray coating experimental setup. Key objectives included developing a spray coating process to produce free-standing nanocellulose films of varying thickness and roughness on impermeable surfaces, and nanocellulose-composite films. The author characterized the mechanical and barrier properties of the spray-coated films and found they had comparable properties to films made by vacuum filtration. The developed process provides a more rapid and flexible method for producing nanocellulose packaging films.

Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films

Spraying nanocellulose on a polished impermeable surface is a novel concept to produce a film which has two distinct surfaces. The spray coated surface is very smooth and replicates the nanoscale roughness from the base surface. This process reduces the operational time for film formation by one order of magnitude compared to vacuum filtration, which is the standard method. The spraying process was optimised to develop highly uniform sheets. The films were recyclable and sustainable. Spraying process has been successfully implemented to develop high performance nanocomposites for barrier applications and smooth films for electronics.

Kirubanandan final chapter

This document provides an introduction and literature review on nanocellulose and its composite films. It discusses nanocellulose as a novel fibrous material produced from mechanical, chemical or enzymatic defibrillation of lignocellulosic biomass. The characteristics, production methods, applications and properties of nanocellulose films are reviewed. Various fabrication methods for producing nanocellulose films and composites are critically analyzed, along with their pros and cons. The document identifies gaps in knowledge around developing rapid processes to produce high quality nanocellulose films for applications such as packaging.

NANOCELLULOSE AND ITS COMPOSITE FILMS – APPLICATIONS, PROPERTIES, PREPARATION...

Nanocellulose (NC) is a biodegradable nanomaterial produced from lignocellulosic biomass. The mechanical, chemical or enzymatic processes are normally used for defibrillation of wood fibres into nanofibrils. It is a cellulose nanofibril with unique characteristics leading to potential applications in functional materials. These nanomaterials can replace synthetic plastics and be used as biomaterials for developing recyclable nanocomposites. The fibrils at nanosize provide high surface area and strength and are biodegradable. NC films and their composites have been used in developing functional materials such as barrier materials, substrates for printing circuits in flexible electronics, barrier coatings on the paper and paper board etc., In addition, there is a potential demand for NC films and composites to replace or eliminate conventional plastics. There are many methods available to prepare free-standing NC films with composites and these are critically reviewed and addressed in this chapter. Conventional methods are seen to be time-consuming, and unable to produce outstanding quality films, which set limitations on commercialization. Therefore, a rapid process to produce the NC films is required to meet the potentially large requirement for packaging and other functional material.

Silver Nanowires

Tuning the surface roughness of NC films

This document investigates factors that control the roughness of nanocellulose films produced by spraying. It examines the effect of substrate surface chemistry and roughness, nanocellulose fibre diameter, and addition of carboxymethyl cellulose to nanocellulose suspensions. The three key factors found to control film roughness are: the roughness of the substrate surface, the diameter of the nanocellulose fibrils, and addition of carboxymethyl cellulose. Adding carboxymethyl cellulose, which reduces fibre-fibre friction, produced smoother films, especially when sprayed on rougher substrates. The smoothest film achieved had a roughness of 336±117nm and resulted from spraying a suspension containing 1.5%

Spray Coating Process

This document discusses a study that investigated the production of nanocellulose films using a spray coating process. The study varied parameters like conveyor speed and nanocellulose suspension concentration during spraying. It found that spray coating can efficiently produce films with basis weights ranging from 38 to 187 g/m2 and thicknesses from 58.4 to 243.2 μm. Film thickness and basis weight showed a universal linear relationship. Optical uniformity of films increased with higher conveyor speed and was maximized between 1.5-1.75% nanocellulose concentration. The most uniform spray coated films had similar tensile strength as films made through vacuum filtration. The study demonstrated that spray coating can be a more time efficient alternative

Spray Coating -A Rapid Method for preparation of nanocellulose film

A spray coating technique was developed to rapidly prepare free-standing nanocellulose films in under 1 minute by spraying a nanocellulose suspension onto a moving stainless steel plate, which was then air dried under restraint. The produced films had a basis weight that varied between 50 and 200 g/m2 and were 15% thicker than films made through vacuum filtration, but had similar uniformity and ultra-high smoothness on the side exposed to the metal surface during drying. The significant reduction in preparation time suggests spray coating can be an alternative to vacuum filtration for quickly producing nanocellulose sheets for further investigation.

Surface Roughness of the nanocellulose film

This document is an abstract submission for a research showcase about tuning the nanoscale surface roughness and smoothness of nanocellulose films via spray coating. The researchers developed a new spray coating method to produce smooth nanocellulose films. The films have two-sided surface roughness, with the side in contact with the polished surface during spraying being much smoother than the air-exposed side. The roughness was measured using optical profilometry and found to be 2087 nm for the rough side and 389 nm for the smooth side. Factors controlling the roughness like cellulose fibril size and the base surface smoothness are being investigated. Surface smoothness requirements for applications like SERS and printed electronics will also be discussed.

Surface Roughness of the nanocellulose film

Spray coating is used to produce novel nanocellulose films with controlled smoothness on steel surfaces. The smoothness of the nanocellulose film is determined by the smoothness of the receiving steel surface. Film properties like basis weight, thickness, and strength can be adjusted by changing the suspension consistency and spray coating process parameters. The surface of the film in contact with the steel surface is smoother than the air side of the film. The study investigates how suspension consistency, fiber homogenization, and addition of carboxy methyl cellulose affect the smoothness of the nanocellulose film coating. Nanocellulose fibril diameter and receiving surface roughness are found to be the key parameters that control film smoothness.

Synopsis on Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films - Production, Characterization a...

This document outlines the structure and progress of a PhD thesis on spray coating nanocellulose films. The thesis will have 6 chapters: introduction and literature review; rapid preparation of smooth NC films using spray coating; a flexible spray coating process; NC films as sustainable barriers; NC-montmorillonite composites via spraying; and tuning NC film smoothness via spraying. Five chapters will be published. The thesis is 40-80% complete, with remaining work on characterization, writing, and formatting. Spray coating enables fast, uniform NC film production and nanocomposite fabrication with applications in barriers and functional materials.

Barrier Performance of Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber – Montmorillonite (MM...

Cellulose nanofibers are one of the most promising candidates for developing high-performance paper-based packaging that is renewable, recyclable and biodegradable. While cellulose nanofiber layers have very low oxygen permeability, their water vapour permeability is significantly higher than conventional packaging plastics, such as Low Density Poly-ethylene (LDPE). Water vapour permeability has been decreased by forming composites of cellulose nanofibers and inorganic nanoparticles, such as Montmorillonite (MMT) clay. However, the addition of the nanoparticles further reduces the already poor drainage when layers are formed through vacuum filtration. The method for spray-coating a cellulose nanofiber-montmorillonite layer is developed to produce composite. It improves both the ease of preparation and reduces the water vapour permeability. The effect of high-pressure homogenization treatment to the suspension before composite preparation on the barrier performance is also investigated. The permeability could be reduced below that achieved with vacuum filtration by adding up to 20 wt. % Montmorillonite and dispersing Montmorillonite with two passes in a high-pressure homogeniser. With Montmorillonite addition above 20 wt. %, the water vapour permeability started to increase due to aggregation of the Montmorillonite. At the optimal addition level, the best performance achieved with spraying was a water vapour permeability of 8.3 x 10-12 g/m.s.pa. The air permeability of composite is evaluated to be less than 0.003 µm/Pa.s. This value confirms an impermeable composite for packaging applications. Considering the barrier performance, spray coated nanocomposites can perform as an effective barrier material and a potential alternative to synthetic plastics.

Tuning Nanoscale Surface Roughness and Smoothness of Nanocellulose Film via S...

We recently reported a new method to prepare smooth nanocellulose (NC) films [1] by spraying the nanocellulose onto a smooth and polished surface and then allowing the film to dry in air. Spraying has a notable advantage such as contour coating and contactless coating with the base substrate. The basis weight and thickness of the NC film is tailorable by adjusting NC suspension in spraying process. NC film prepared via spray coating has unique two-sided surface roughness with the surface in contact with the surface much smoother than the air-contact side. The surface roughness is one of the controlling parameter in barrier performance of the NC film and alterations in surface roughness switches the wettability. The RMS roughness of the two surfaces investigated by Optical Profilometry was found to be 2087 nm on the rough side and 389 nm on the spray coated side, respectively. The spray coated NC film has ultra-high smoothness on the side exposed to the polished stainless steel surface. The factors including the size of cellulose fibrils and surface smoothness of base surface that control the roughness of the film are currently being investigated and will be discussed in the presentation. The surface smoothness requirements for substrate applications in SERS and printed electronics will also be discussed.

Nanocellulose Applications

Spray coating – a rapid method for preparation of free-standing nanocellulose...

This document summarizes research on developing a spray coating technique to rapidly prepare free-standing nanocellulose films in under a minute. The researchers tested different suspension concentrations and characterized the resulting films. The spray coated films had similar basis weight, thickness, mechanical properties, and barrier properties as films made through vacuum filtration. The spray coating technique provides a fast method for making laboratory-scale nanocellulose films with uniform properties and a smooth glossy surface on one side.

Barrier Properties And Recyclability of Spray Coated Nanocellulose Sheet

The document summarizes research on developing a scalable spray coating method to prepare nanocellulose films with tailored barrier properties. Key findings include: 1) A spray coating process was developed that can rapidly prepare uniform nanocellulose sheets in 10-27 minutes, much faster than existing methods like vacuum filtration. 2) The basis weight, thickness, density and barrier properties of the spray coated sheets could be tailored by adjusting the nanocellulose suspension concentration and conveyor belt velocity during spraying. 3) The spray coated nanocellulose sheets showed excellent barrier properties to air and water vapor, comparable to synthetic polymers and aluminum foil. Additionally, the sheets were found to be recyclable after repulping

Spray Coated Nanocellulose Films Production Characterization and Application