this ppt is aimed to teach Spoken I coyrse for undergraduate students for BA degree in english language and literature

1. Debremarkos University
Collage of Social Sciences and
Humanities
Department Of English Language
And Literature
Spoken English I (EnLa 1022 )
Presentation For first Year English
Language And Literature regular Students
By: Dawit D.
dawitdibekulu7@gmail.com
OCTOBER

2. 1. Features of the spoken
language
 stress
 Rhythm
 pitch
 Intonation
 Contraction
 Dialect
 Dialect
 Ilision
 Ellipsis
ETC
Unit one the nature, function and feature
of the spoken English

3. Contraction: a reduced form often marked by
an apostrophe in writing
e.g. can’t = cannot
I’ll = I will
Elision: the omission or slurring (eliding) of one
or more sounds or syllables
e.g. gonna = going to
wanna be = want to be
wassup = what’s up
Ellipsis: the omission of part of a grammatical
structure
e.g. “You bored?” “A bit”,
1. Features of the spoken
language

4. Accent: the ways in which words are
pronounced. Factors: age, region
or social class, e.g. RP
Dialect: The distinctive grammar and
vocabulary associated with the regional
or social use of a language,
e.g. Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion.
cont….
1. Features of the spoken language (1)

5. Languages are first spoken,
then written, and then an
understanding

6. Aspects of written and spoken language
Written Spoken
Planned
Organized
transactional
Unplanned
less structured
interactive

7. Characteristics of Spoken Language
 Repeating
 First draft status
 Vocabulary
 Grammar
 Variation in speed
 Loudness or
quietness
 Gestures - body
language
 Intonation
 Stress
 Rhythm
 Pausing and
phrasing
 Final draft status
 Density of
content
 Grammar
 neutrality of
social roles
 punctuation

8. Which comes first: speech or writing?
 Speech comes before writing
historically.
 Many languages lack a written
form.
 Many individuals cannot use
written language.
 Children automatically learn to
speak, but have to be taught how
to read.

9. THE Differences Between
Written and spoken language
Main Differences
Sounds
VS
letters
Permanency
&
Redundancy
Formality
&
Function
Vocabulary
&
Sentences
Strategies
interaction
Between
listener and speaker

10. Formality
Examples:
•
A written note might say,
"Would you like to go out to lunch? “
•
The person who would write that note,
might alternatively say, in person,
"You wanna go out for lunch? "

11. grammatically
• more verb based phrases
(e.g. having treatment (W), being
treated (S), hospital care (W), go to
hospital (S))
• more predicative adjectives
(misleading statistics (W), statistics
are misleading (S))
• fewer complex words and phrases

12. • Oral communication uses words with
fewer syllables than the written
language.
• Written English consists of neat,
correct sentences.
• Speech usually consists of idea units.
• Examples;
because kuz
• "I don't wanna go to the party, kuz it
sounds boring."
• bet you
vocabulary and sentence

13. Written: I want to go to the store
Spoken : I wanna go duh the store
If you doubt that "to" becomes "duh,"
pronunciation

14.  Vowels
 Consonants

15. The sounds of English and the
International Phonetic Alphabet
 This chart contains all the sounds
(phonemes) used in the English
language. For each sound, it gives:
 The symbol from the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), as used in
phonetic transcriptions in modern
dictionaries for English learners — that
is, in A. C. Gimson’s phonemic system
with a few additional symbols.
cont…

16. • ʌ cup, luck
• ɑ: arm,
father
• æ cat, black
• e met, bed
• ə away,
cinema
• ɜ:ʳ turn, learn
• ɪ hit, sitting
• i: see, heat
vowels IPA
•ɔ: call, four
•ʊ put, could
• u: blue, food
• aɪ five, eye
•aʊ now, out
•eɪ say, eight
• oʊ go, home
•ɔɪ boy, join
• eəʳ where, air
• ɪəʳ near, here
• ʊəʳ pure, tourist

17. • b bad, lab
• d did, lady
• f find, if
• g give, flag
• h how, hello
•j yes, yellow
• k cat, back
• l leg, little
•m man, lemon
•n no, ten
• ŋ sing, finger
•p pet, map
• r red, try
•s sun, miss
consonants IPA
•ʃ she, crash
• t tea, getting
• tʃ check,
church
• θ think, both
• ð this, mother
• v voice, five
• w wet, window
• z zoo, lazy
• ʒ pleasure,
vision

18. Diphthong
Diphthong: Sounds which consist of a
movement or glide from one vowel to
another.
• Pure Vowel: A vowel which remains
constant, it does not glide.
• Diphthongs have the same length as the
long vowels.
• The first part (sound) is much longer and
stronger than the second part.
• Example: aɪ in the words ‘eye’ and ‘ɪ ’
consists of the ‘a’ vowel, and only in about
the last quarter of the diphthong, does the

19. Centering diphthong:
1. three (3) ending in ‘ə’ : ɪə, eə,
ʊə
Closing diphthong
2. three (3) ending in ‘ɪ’: eɪ, aɪ, ɔɪ
3. two (2) ending in ‘ʊ’: əʊ, aʊ

20. Examples:
• ɪə : beard, weird, fierce, ear, beer, tear
• eə: aired, cairn, scarce, bear, hair,
• ʊə: moored, tour, lure, sure, pure
• eɪ : paid, pain, face, shade, age, wait,
taste, paper
• aɪ: tide, time, nice, buy, bike, pie, eye, kite,
fine
• ɔɪ: void, loin, voice, oil, boil, coin, toy, Roy
• əʊ: load, home, most, bone, phone, boat,
bowl
• aʊ: loud, gown, house, cow, bow, brow,

21. Triphthongs
 A triphthong is a glide from one vowel to
another and the to a third, all produced
rapidly and without interruption. For
example, a careful pronunciation of the
word ‘hour’ begins with a vowel quality
similar to ‘ɑ:’, goes on to ‘ʊ’ then ends in ‘ə’.
It says /aʊə/
 Triphthong : 5 closing diphthongs with ‘ə’
added on the end.
– eɪ + ə = eɪə . as in layer, player
– aɪ + ə = aɪə. as in lire, fire
– ɔɪ + ə = ɔɪə, as in loyal, royal
– əʊ + ə = əuə, as in lower, mower

24. Intonation
• the variation of the tone of variation of
the tone of voice when we speak.
• The rise and falling of pitch's.
Patterns of intonation
There are four patterns of intonation:
• Falling
• Rising
• Rise-fall intonation
• Fall-rise intonation.

25.  The voice fall on the last stressed syllables
of group of words
 (The pitch of the voice falls at the end of the
sentence.)
 It is commonly found in statements,
commands, wh-questions (information
questions),
confirmatory question tags and
exclamations.
•Statements
•Nice to meet ↘you.
•I’ll be back in a ↘minute.
•Commands
•Write your name ↘here.
•Show me what you’ve ↘written.
Falling intonation (➘)

26. •Wh- questions (requesting information.)
(questions beginning with 'who', 'what', 'why', 'where',
'when', 'which', and 'how')
•What country do you come ↘from?
•Where do you ↘work?
•Questions Tags that are statements requesting
confirmation rather than questions.
Not all tag questions are really questions.
Some of them merely ask for confirmation or invite
agreement, in which case we use a falling tone at the
end.
•He thinks he’s so clever, doesn’t ↘he?
•She's such a nuisance, isn't ↘she?
•Exclamations
•How nice of ↘ you!
•That's just what I ↘need!

27. Rising intonation (➚)
 The voice rise on the last stressed syllables of
group of words (The pitch of the voice rises at the
end of a sentence.)
 Rising intonation invites the speaker to continue
talking.
 It is normally used with yes/no questions, and
question tags that are real questions.
• Yes/no Questions: (Questions that can be
answered by 'yes' or 'no'.)
• Do you like your new ➚teacher?
• Have you finished ➚already?
 Questions tags that show uncertainty and
require an answer (real questions).
• We've met already, ➚haven't we?
• You like fish, ➚don't you?

28.  voice first fall and the rise. (The intonation
rises and then falls.)
 choices, lists, unfinished thoughts and conditional
sentences.
•Choices (alternative questions.)
•Are you having ➚soup or ➘salad?
•Is John leaving on ➚Thursday or ➘Friday?
•Lists (rising, rising, rising, falling)
Intonation falls on the last item to show that the list is
finished.
•We've got ➚apples, pears, bananas and ➘oranges
•The sweater comes in ➚blue, white pink and
➘black
Rise-fall intonation(➚➘)

29. •Unfinished thoughts (partial
statements)
In the responses to the following questions, the rise-fall
intonation indicates reservation.
The speaker hesitates to fully express his/her thoughts.
•Do you like my new handbag? Well the ➚leather is
➘nice... ( but I don't like it.)
•So you both live in Los Angeles? Well ➚Alex ➘does
... (but I don't).
•Conditional sentences
(The tone rises in the first clause and falls gradually in
the second clause.)
•If he ➚calls, ask him to leave a ➘message.
•Unless he ➚insists, I'm not going to ➘go.

30. fall-rise intonation
•The voice falls and rises usually within one word.
•The main function of fall-rise intonation is to show that the
speaker is not certain of the answer they are giving to a question,
or is reluctant to reply (as opposed to a falling tone used when
there is no hesitation).
•It is also used in polite requests or suggestions.
•Hesitation/reluctance:
•So you'd be willing to confirm that? ...Well ... I ➘sup➚pose so ...
•You didn't see him on Monday? I don't quite ➘re➚member ...
•Politeness-Doubt-Uncertainty: (You are not sure what
the answer might be.)
•Perhaps we could ➘vis➚it the place?
•Should we ➘cop➚y the list?
•Do you think it's ➘al➚lowed?
(➘➚)

31. Listen and Identify the intonation of the
following questions
•Who is vinexpo for?
•Does it finish at 1.oo?
•Are you interested in going?
•What do you do?
•How many exhibitors come?
•Do you use English at work ?
•Are you from Sydney?
•What date is the next vinexpo ?
•Which part of Italy are you from?
•Do you import Italian wine?

32. Listen and Identify the intonation of
the following questions
•Is it areal plan or a panic reaction?
•Are you interested in going?
•Is she going to Rome, or is she going
to Brussels?
•Is she on the left wing of her party, or
is she on the right wing?

33. syllables
Is a unit in a sequence of sound made
when speaking.
 Mono syllabic words have One
syllable.
E.g. dog
 Disyllabic words have two syllables.
e.g en-glish
 Trisyllabic words have three syllables.
E.g. Sy-lla-ble
 polysyllabic words have more than
three syllables.

34. Speech stress and rhythm
Stress
 Is the word for the strength with which
syllables are pronounced
 Example: the first syllables of CARpet
the second syllables of inSTEAD
the third syllables of underSTAND
are stressed

35. Listen and Identify the main stress of the
following phrases
•As easy as
•Taller than
•Less expensive than
•The newest
• the most reliable
•As late as
•Better than
• most famous than
•The quickest
•The most famouse

36. The pronunciation of the past
tens ed /d forms
 You may have noticed that in
English, past tense verbs with an -ed
ending are pronounced in three
different ways:
 [t]
 [d] or
 [Id].

37. 1) [t] final sound
 Verbs ending in voiceless sounds [p, k,
θ, f, s, ʃ, tʃ] cause the “-ed” ending to be
pronounced as the voiceless [t] (with no
vocal chord vibration).
 Listen and Repeat
 [p] “He popped a balloon.” [papt]
 [k] “They talked a lot” [takt]
 [θ] “th”: “She frothed a cup of milk” [frawθt]
 [f] “I laughed at the movie.” [læft]
 [s] “She kissed a frog.” [kIst]
 [ʃ] “sh”: “We brushed it off.” [bruʃt]
 [tʃ] “ch”: “I reached around for it.” [riytʃt]

38. 2) [d] final sound
 Verbs ending in the voiced sounds [b, g, ð, v,
z, ʒ, dʒ, m, n, ŋ, r, l] cause the “-ed” ending to
be pronounced as a voiced [d].
 Listen and Repeat
 [b] “It bobbed up and down.” [babd]
 [g] “He begged her to stay.” [bɛgd]
 [ð] “She breathed loudly.” [briyðd]
 [v] “They loved it.” [luvd]
 [z] “We raised her expectations.” [reyzd]
 [dʒ] “They bridged the gap.” [brIdʒd]
 [m] “I claimed it was mine.” [kleymd]
 [n] “They banned new members.” [bænd]
 [ŋ] “She banged into the chair.” [bæŋd]
 [r] “He cleared it up.” [kliyrd]
 [l] “I rolled up the paper.” [rowld]

39. 3) [əd] or [ɪd] final sound
 Verbs ending in the sounds [t] or
[d] will cause the “-ed” ending of a
verb to be pronounced as the
syllable [əd] or [ɪd].
 [t] “I visited the Empire State Building.”
[vɪzɪtəd]
 [t] “She edited the research paper.” [ɛdɪtɪd]
 [d] “We ended the game early.” [ɛndɪd]
 [d] “He breaded the chicken.” [brɛdɪd]

40. Pronunciation: plural form
 there are three ways of saying the plural
“s” or “es” ending in English:
 [s]
 [z]
 [ɪz]
Example
 When we say the plural of two basic
words in English:
 “cats” [kæts]
 “dogs” [dawgz]

41. [s] final sounds
 Voiceless sounds that cause the plural
“s” to be pronounced as [s] include:
[p], [t], [k], [f]
Example
 weeks [wiyks]
 bits [bɪts]
 backs [bæks]
 briefs [briyfs]

42. [z] final sounds
 Voiced sounds that cause the plural “s” to be
pronounced as [z] include:
[b], [d], [g], [l], [r], [w], [m], [n], [v], [y]
Example
 [b], webs [wɛbz]
 [d], beds [bɛdz]
 [g], bags [bægz]
 [l], bells [bɛlz]
 [r], jars [jɑrz]
 [w], canoes [kəNUWZ]
 straws [stʃrɑwz]
 limbs [lɪmz]
 fans [fænz]
 doves [dʌvz]
 delays [dəLeYZ]

43. [ɪz] final sounds
The sounds that cause the plural “s” to
be pronounced with an additional
syllable [ɪz] include:
[tʃ] [dʒ] [ʃ] [z]
Example
 watches [WA tʃɪz]
 bridges [BRɪ dʒɪz]
 judges [dʒʌ dʒɪz]
 slices [SlAiY sɪz]
 blazes [BLeY zɪz]

44. Unit three
Introductions, Greetings and Partings.
Greeting is a way of salutation where one
asks the wellbeing of another. It is the first
and most common kind of communication
when people meet. Greeting is often
considered as a measurement of a person’s
quality by the society.
A person who does not know how to
properly greet another will be in problem
to associate himself.
cont…

45. That is he will be considered as impolite,
prodding person and he will be out casted
from the society.
In language there are two forms of
greeting: formal and informal greeting.
Formal greeting/communication: It is a
polite way of speaking to another person
using words that explain respect, when
talking to elderly people, authorities and
the respected ones.
cont……..

46. Informal/less-formal greeting:
This is a way of approaching another
person to show affection or closeness.
This way of approaching is used to
friends, intimates to lovers, close
relatives, etc.

47. General greetings expressions
Formal
◦ Hello!
◦ How are you?
◦ How are you doing?
◦ How have you been
keeping?
◦ I trust that everything is
well.
◦ How do you do
◦ Pleas to meet you
◦ It is pleasure to meet you
◦ Good morning/good after
noon/good evening+
name
◦ It is good to see you
again
Informal
◦ Hi.
◦ What’s up?
◦ Good to see you.
◦ How are things (with
you)?
◦ How’s it going?
◦ How’s life been
treating you?
◦ How is everything?
◦ How’s everything
going?

48. General greeting responses
Formal
 How do you do
 Please to meet you
too
 Thank you .I am
pleasure to meet you
,too.
 I am fine thank you
and you
 Good
morning/afternoon/
evening + name
 Thank you, I certainly
will.
 It is good/nice to see
you again etc
informal
 Hi/Hello+ first name
 Fine thanks
 Good to see you too
 Good to meet you too
 I am fine/really well,
thanks.
Ok/so/alright/not so
bad+ how about
you/and you?
 Nothing to much etc.

49. Greeting a person you haven’t
seen for a long time
Formal
◦ It has been a long
time.
◦ It’s been too long.
◦ What have you been
up to all these
years?
◦ It’s always a
pleasure to see you.
◦ How long has it
been?
◦ I’m so happy to see
you again.
Informal
◦ How come I never
see you?
◦ It’s been such a long
time.
◦ Long time no see.
◦ Where have you
been hiding?
◦ It’s been ages since
we last met.

50. Formal greeting dialogue
John: Good morning.
Alan: Good morning. How are you?
John: I'm very well thank you. And you?
Alan: I'm fine. Thank you for asking.
John: Do you have a meeting this
morning?
Alan: Yes, I do. Do you have a meeting as
well?
John: Yes. Well. It was a pleasure seeing
you.
Alan: Goodbye.

51. Informal greeting dialogue
Anna: Tom, what's up?
Tom: Hi Anna. Nothing much. I'm just
hanging out. What's up with you?
Anna: It's a good day. I'm feeling fine.
Tom: How is your sister?
Anna: Oh, fine. Not much has changed.
Tom: Well, I have to go. Nice seeing you!
Anna: Later.

52. Introducing yourself and others
1.INTRODUCE YOUR SELF
Formal
 I would like to
 May I
 Let Me
 Can I + Introduce
My Self + My
name is….or I
am…..
Etc.
INFORMAL
 Hi/hello ,my name
is…
 Hi ,I am….

53. Introduce others
Formal
 I would like to
meet…
 I’d like to introduce
you to (title)+ name
 Allow me to
introduce you to(title)
name
 May I introduce you
to title + name
 Let me introduce you
to + title+ name
Etc.
Informal
 Hi this is…
 Hello he/she is…

54. Sample dialogue
 Girma: Hiwot ,I would like to introduce
you too M r. Ayele . Mr.Ayele is the
chiarman of the board of directors.
 Girma : how do you do?
 Mr..Ayele it is pleasure to meet you .I
have heard a lot about you.
 Hiwot: oh excuse me.let me introduce
my self. My name is Hiwot Tilahun.
 Mr.Ayele:how do you do. My name is
Ayele kebede
 Hiwot: please call me Ayele.
 Mr Ayele: and call me Girma.

55. Good byes/ farewel
Formal expressions
 Good bye
Dr/mr./mrs./miss+ name
 Good night…
 I hope we meet again
sometimes
 It is been a pleasure
meeting you
 It was nice/good to
meet you
 See you
 Have a nice/good day
etc
Formal responses
 Good bye
Dr/mr./mrs/mss. +
name
 Good night
 I hope so, too.
 Thank you, it is been
a pleasure for me
,too
 Thank you, it was
nice/good to meet
you ,too.
 Thank you, the same
to you
 Thank you
Cont….

56.  Firew: good bye, it was nice to meet
you.
 Ayele :it was nice to meet you, too.
 Firew : have a good weekend
 Ayele: thank you ,the same to you.
Sample dialogue

57. Unit four:
Asking questions and making complaints
How to Ask Questions in English
Do you know how to ask questions in
English?.
There are many ways to ask questions in
English. It's important to understand the
situation when deciding how to ask
questions.
cont………

58. How to Ask Direct Questions
Direct questions are the most common
type of question in English. Direct
questions are asked when asking for
both simple and complex information.
To begin with, here is a guide to the
structure of direct questions:
(Question Word) + Auxiliary + Subject +
Verb Form + (objects) + ?
Examples:
When do you get to work?
Do you like fish?
cont…..

59. How long have you been working on
this project?
Where are those ties manufactured?
How to Ask Yes / No Questions
Yes / No questions refer to simple
questions you ask to receive either a yes
or no as a response. Yes / No questions
do not use question words and always
begin with the auxiliary verb.
Auxiliary + Subject + Verb Form +
(objects) + ?
cont….

60. Examples:
Does he live in New York?
Have you seen that film?
Is she going to come to the party?
How to Ask Subject and Object
Questions
When asking about the object, use direct
question construction beginning with a
question word followed by the auxiliary
verb.
Wh? + auxiliary + subject + verb?
cont….

61. Who does he follow online?
In the second question, we are asking
for the SUBJECT of the action. When
asking subject questions, do not use the
auxiliary verb.
The 'Wh' question word plays the role of
the subject in the question.
Wh? + (auxiliary) + verb + object?
Who understands this problem?
cont…

62. NOTE: Remember that the present
simple or past simple do not take the
auxiliary in positive sentence structure.
Examples:
Who enjoys playing tennis?
Who is coming to the party next week?
Common question forms for SUBJECT
questions:
Which Which bicycle goes fast?
What kind of What kind of
cheese tastes mild?
cont…

63. What sort of - What sort of tea costs very
little?
Who - Who goes to school here?
How to Use Question Tags to Ask Questions
Another type of common question in English
is the question tag.
Use question tags to confirm information that
you already know, or think you know.
This form is used in conversation and when
checking that you have understood
something.
cont….

64. Construct a question tag by making a
statement followed by a comma and the
OPPOSITE (positive -> negative,
negative -> positive) form of the
appropriate auxiliary verb.
Examples:
You're married, aren't you?
He's been here before, hasn't he?
You didn't buy the new car, did you?

65. Indirect Questions
When we want to be more polite we often
use indirect question forms.
These questions ask the same questions
as direct questions, but are considered
more formal.
When using an indirect question, introduce
the question with the introductory phrase
followed by the question itself in positive
sentence structure.
Connect the two phrases with the question
word or 'if' in the case the question is a
'yes', 'no' question.

66. Introductory phrase + question
word (or if) + positive sentence
Examples:
I was wondering if you know the
way to the nearest bank.

67. UNIT FIVE
Making Complaints And Suggestions And
Giving Advice
Advising and persuading
advising someone to do something
 Why don't you ....
 I think you should ....
 My advice would be
to ....
 I'm sure you ought
to ....
 Don't you think it
would be better to ....
 You ought to ...
 You should ....
 If I were you, I'd
....
 You'd better
....etc

68. Making complaints/ complianing
 I’m sorry to bring this up, but ….
 I’m sorry to say/to have to say this, but
 I’ve got a bit of a problem here, you see …
 I’m afraid I’ve got a complaint to make …..
 I wish you would/wouldn’t …..
 Would you please not…..?
 I’m not quite sure how to put this, but …
 I wish to complain in the strongest terms
about….
 I’m not at all satisfied with…..
 I really must object to…..
 I take strong exception to ….

69. Model dialogue
At a hotel/restaurant
 A: Excuse me, I’m sorry to bring this up,
but no one seems to attend to able No.
14.
 B : I’m sorry. I’ll send someone at once.
Please be seated.
 A : Thank you.
At the office
 A: I’m sorry to have to say this, but you
seem to make too many spelling
mistakes in all the letters.
 B: I’m really sorry, sr. I shall be more
careful.

70. Making suggestions
 May I suggest ….?
 You may/might like to …..?
 Have you considered/thought of …..?
 Would you care to …….?
 Why don’t we/you …..?
 Why not ……?
 How about ….?
 What about …..?
 Let’s / Let me …..
 Shall we ……..?
 I’ll tell you what. We’ll ……..
etc

71. Model dialogue
At the office
 X : The All-Ethiopia Conference begins in Addis Ababa on
Monday next. We have to send someone as our
representative.
 Z : Let’s ask Sara to attend it.
 X : Ah, no. Sara is away in Bahir Dar and won’t be back
before next Wednesday.
 Y : How about Helen?
 X : Well, he’d have been the right person. But you know it’s
unreasonable to ask him to go to Addis Ababa when his
father is in critical condition.
 Y : Oh, I’m sorry. I didn’t know that.
 O : Why not Miss. Fiker ?
 X : Yes, she can, if she is willing to.
 Z : What about Haile ? He seems to be relatively free these
days.

72. UNIT FIVE: SIX INVITATION
INVITING, ACCEPTING & DECLINING
INVITATION
Formal way of Inviting:
 Would you like to ….
 Could you come to…
 I’d very much like…..
 Would you care to ….
 I’ll really happy if you come
to….
 I’m sure that you won’t be
disappointed to come to….
 I’d like to invite you..
 I wonder if you, like to + have a
lunch
Etc.
Formal Accepting an Invitation
 Thank you for inviting me.
 I would/will ….
 That would be very nice.
 I’d like to love to come.
 That’s fine.
 Sure. Why not?
 Thank you, I’d be glad to
come/accept……
 That sounds lovely thank you.
 That is very kind, I’d love to
Etc.
Cont….
Invitation is the act of invitingsomeone to go to
an event

73. Formal way of Declining an
Invitation
 I’m very sorry, I don’t think I can.
 I’d like to, but ….
 Thank you for asking me, but ….
 Unfortunately, I can’t …
 I am very much like to , but….
 That is very kind of you , but…
etc
cont…

74. Informal way of
invitation
 Can you come to..
 How about going
to..
 Would you like to
go…
 Do you want to go
to…
 Do you fancy going
to….
 Do you feel like
going to..
Etc.
Informal way of
accepting invitation
 thanks, I’d love/like
to..
 Thanks, that
sounds great.
 Yes,what a good
idea
 Ok/alright
etc
Cont..

75. Uncertain expression
invitation
 Thanks, but…
 I'm really sorry but….
 Oh, I am afraid I can’t make it
Informal way of declining
invitation
 I am not sure. I will let you know later
 I don’t know. can I tell later?

76. Dialogue Examples:
Dialogue 1
Helen Invites Mekides to go to a Movie
Helen : Hi, Mekides. There will be a great
film tonight. It’s about vampire.
Would you like to go to the movie with me?
Mekides : Yes, I’d like to very much. When
will you pick me up?
Helen : I’ll pick you at 7.00. Be ready, OK!
Mekides : Alright. Cont…

77. Dialogue 2
Birtukan is very busy doing her homework.
Abebe, her friend, asks him to come to her
party.
Abebe : Hello, this is Abebe . May I speak to
Birtukan?
Birtukan : This is Birtukan speaking.
Abebe : Oh, hi Birtukan . I wonder if you’d like
to come to my house right now. We’re having a
great party.

78. Birtukan : I don’t think I can. I’m doing my
homework. My parents won’t let me out
before I finish my homework.
Abebe : That’s alright.
Birtukan : I hope you enjoy your
party. Bye.
Abebe : Bye.

79. Asking about preference
Asking for preferences :
 Would you prefer ……. or ……..?
 Which would you prefer …. or
….. ?
 Do you like … better than ……?
 Do you prefer ……… or …….?
 Would you like/rather have/prefer
……..?
 We can ……. Or ………
 What do you say?
 The choice is yours, ………. Or
……….
 Which appeals more, ……… or
……..
Showing preferences :
 I think I like ……… better.
 I would go for ……
 I’d rather have ………….
anytime.
 I’d prefer ………. (if possible)
 My choice/preference would
always be …….
 If you don’t mind, I’d ……
 If it’s all the same to you ……
 If it’s up to me, I’d ……..
 Perhaps it’d be better if ………
 ……. Appeals to me more
than …….
Unit seven: preference

80. PRACTICE / DIALOGUE
At the hotel reception
Reception: Good morning. Can I help
you?
Customer: I’d like to book a double
room.
Reception: Would you like a room with
shower or one with bath?
Customer: I’d refer one with shower.
Receptionist: Would you prefer a room
with a view or a quiet one?
Customer: I’d prefer a quiet room if
possible.

81. Expressing likes and dislikes
Expressing likes:
 I like…
 I love...
 I adore…
 I enjoy…
 I’m keen on…
Expressing dislikes:
 I don’t like…
 I dislike...
 I hate,
 I abhor…
 I can’t bear...
 I can’t stand…
 I detest...
 I loathe
 I ‘m crazy about…
 I’m mad about…
cont….

82. Examples of likes and dislikes :
 I'm mad about basketball, but I can’t bear
ice hockey.
I adore reading poetry, but I loathe doing
the housework.
 If you neither like nor dislike something:
"I don't mind doing the housework.
cont…

83. Things to remember about likes and dislikes:
1. When these expressions are followed by a
verb, the latter is put in the -ing form.
Examples:
"I like listening to music."
"I hate wearing sunglasses."
I like +VERB+ING
I detest
I don't mind
cont….

84. 2. Note that" very much" & " a lot" always
come after the things you like.
Examples:
"I like basketball very much/a lot. NOT" I
like very much/a lot basketball."
3. Be careful when you use "I don't mind..."
Examples:
"Do you mind playing football?"
"No, I don't mind."(Although it's in a
negative form, it means that it's ok for me. I
neither love it nor hate it.)
cont….

85. Sample Dialogue:
Context: Hiwot is at home. Her boyfriend
comes in...Notice how they express their
likes and dislikes
Hiwot: Hello, Haile. Do you fancy
watching a film tonight?
Boyfriend: Oh, no thanks, I don't really
feel like watching a film tonight. How about
going out instead.
Hiwot: OK. Do you feel like going to the
theater?
Cont…..

86. Boyfriend: Oh, no. I hate it. Do you
like eating at the new Chinese restaurant?
Hiwot: I don't mind. The Chinese cuisine
is alright.
Boyfriend: Well I really love it. Let's
go.

87. EXPRESSING AGREEMENT
 I agree with you / him ...
 I share your view.
 I think so.
 I really think so.
(The author / the
narrator / the protagonist
/ etc.) is right
 He is quite right /
absolutely right
 He may be right.
 I have no objection.
 I approve of it.
 I have come to the same
conclusion
 I hold the same opinion.
We are of one mind / of
the same mind on that
question.
 I am at one with him on
that point.
 It is true.
 That is right.
 That's just it !
 Fair enough !
 Quite so !
 Just so !
 Yes of course etc

88. EXPRESSING DISAGREEMENT
 I don't agree.
 I disagree.
 I don't think so.
 You are / he is
wrong.
 I think otherwise.
 I don't think that's
quite right.
 I don't agree with
you/him.
 I don't agree with
what you say.
 I am afraid that is
not quite true.
 I take a different
view.
 I don't share
his/her/your view.
 This argument
does not hold
water.
 Not at all !
 Nonsense !
 Rubbish !He's off
his head etc.

89. Unit: eight
ASKING & GIVING OPINION
Opinion includes the words of opinion and
argument/ reasons.
Opinion dialogue is a dialogue consists of
two persons or more who have opinion each
others. It can use the expressions, such as in
my opinion, in my view, I think etc.
Argument dialogue is a dialog that states the
arguments or reasons. It can use the words
such as first, second etc for arranging
arguments.
cont….

90. USEFUL EXPRESSIONS TO EXPRESS
OPINION
 In my opinion, ...
 In my eyes, ...
 To my mind, ...
 As far as I am concerned, ...
 Speaking personally, ...
 From my point of view, ...
 As for me / As to me, ...
 My view / opinion / belief /
impression /conviction is that ...
 I hold the view that ...
 I would say that ...
 It seems to me that ...
 I am of the opinion that ...
 My impression is that ...
 I am under the impression that ...
 It is my impression that ...
 I have the feeling that ...
 My own feeling on the subject
is that ...
 I have no doubt that ...
 I am sure / I am certain that ...
 I think / consider / find / feel /
believe / suppose / presume /
assume that ...
 I hold the opinion that ...
(I form / adopt an opinion.)
 I dare say that ...
 I guess that ...
 I bet that ....
 I gather that ...
 It goes without saying that ...

91. Asking opinion :
 Formal :
 Have you got any
comments on …..
 Do you have any idea?
 Do you have any opinion
on ……
 Would you give me your
opinion on……….?
 What is your reaction to
……?
 What is your opinion
about……….?
 What are you feeling
about………….?
 What are your views
on……….?
 Please give me your frank
opinion?
Informal:
 What do you think of…….?
 What do you think
about………?
 What is your opinion?
 Why do they behave like
that?
 Do you think it’s going?
 How do you like?
 How was the trip?
 How do you think of Rina’s
idea ?
 How do you feel about this
diction

92. Giving opinion
Formal :
 I personally believe
…..
 I personally consider
….
 I personally think /feel
….
 I hold the opinion ….
 My own view of the
matter is ……
 Well, personally ……
 If I had my view, I
would …..
etc
 Informal
 I think I like it.
 I don’t think I care for it.
 I think it’s
good/nice/terrific……..
 I think that awful/ not nice/
terrible…………
 I don’t think much of it.
 I think that……..
 In my opinion, I would
rather……….
 In my case …..
 What I have in my mind
is………
 The way I see is that…………
 To my mind ….. etc

93. Dialogue Example
Ayele : What do you think of my new
house?
Sara : It is beautiful. I think. Oh you have
many novels in your new house.
Ayele : Yeah, some. I like Chinua Achebe's
novels.
Sara : How do you feel about Chinua
Achebe's novels ?
Ayele: I feel they are great novels.
Sara: Yes, you are right. I think it is going to
rain.
cont….

94. Ayele: I don’t think so. Look outside at the
sky! It’s so clear. No clouds there.
Sara : But I watched the weather forecast
yesterday. It said that today is going
to rain. OK Ayele see you.

95. REFERENCES
• ELEMENTAL ENGLISH .COM. 2017. Powered
by WordPress
• JIM. M .(2006) .The Handbook Of English
Linguistics; Spoken And Written English.
Blackwell Publishing Inc
• MUHAMMAD,I.(2017). GREETINGS , PARTINGS AND
INTRODUCING.
• SUSAN.B.(). Understanding Spoken English: A
Focus on Everyday Language in Context. Book one,
Book 1
• Richard,N.(2017). Glossary Of Grammatical And
Rhetorical: Intonation Definition And Examples In
Speech Terms.
• Ronald,C And Michael.M. (1997).Exploring Spoken
English. Cambridge University Press.
• WordReference.COM. Copyright © 2017

96. Thank you