The research was carried out in spirit to make processing robust for large data analysis and also to verify the spatial extent change in hispar glacier in past decade and soon
Sustainable flood risk management and its various techniques are discussed here with the help of a case study. Also, this presentation discusses the effectiveness of detention ponds in urban flood management.
Modeling the Climate System: Is model-based science like model-based engineer...Steve Easterbrook
Keynote Talk given at the ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (Models 2015), Ottawa, September 2015.
Sustainable flood risk management and its various techniques are discussed here with the help of a case study. Also, this presentation discusses the effectiveness of detention ponds in urban flood management.
Modeling the Climate System: Is model-based science like model-based engineer...Steve Easterbrook
Keynote Talk given at the ACM/IEEE 18th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems (Models 2015), Ottawa, September 2015.
DSD-INT 2017 Planetary-scale surface water detection from space - DonchytsDeltares
Presentation by Gennadii Donchyts (Deltares) at the Symposium Earth Observation and Data Science, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Thursday, 2 November 2017, Delft.
This describes the components of JGrass-NewAGE, the system we went to develop for having a flexible set of modelling solutions to forecast the water cycle budgets of any basin.
DSD-INT 2017 Bayesian network approach for climate change and drr scenarios’ ...Deltares
Presentation by Enrico Duo (University Ferrara) at the XBeach X (10th Year Anniversary) Conference, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Wednesday, 1 November 2017, Delft.
Hydrological responses to forest cover change in mountains under projected cl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under two emission scenarios (A1B and B1, IPCC) of the general circulation model GISS_E (NASA Goddard Institute) were employed to generate future possible climatic conditions. The detailed research was performed on a Forest Creek catchment during the 2002-2012.A key point is to assess both the rate of change in hydrological conditions after the collapse of the spruce stands and the time necessary to stabilize the water management after the afforestation. The results of elaborations show that deforestation process reduces the retention by 40% (10 years), in the same time water drainage from the catchment shortened by 47%.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic
development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and
require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the
development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management
has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS
(Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water
management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water
hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites.
Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess
rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great
potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Discovering the world’s largest tropical peatland complex in the Congo basin:...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Simon Leeds of Leeds University and University College London at the Bonn Climate Change Conference on 11 May 2017 at a side event titled 'Re-discovering the magnificent carbon storage potential of wetlands and peatlands'.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Spatiotemporal Land Use Patterns in UrbanizationWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, which has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. These for in different areas of India, new planning approaches require the need to understand the complicated urban land development process. GIS- Geographic Information System and remote sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning. This research survey firstly describes the urban expansion process till now and land use changes in the inner city.
DSD-INT 2017 Planetary-scale surface water detection from space - DonchytsDeltares
Presentation by Gennadii Donchyts (Deltares) at the Symposium Earth Observation and Data Science, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Thursday, 2 November 2017, Delft.
This describes the components of JGrass-NewAGE, the system we went to develop for having a flexible set of modelling solutions to forecast the water cycle budgets of any basin.
DSD-INT 2017 Bayesian network approach for climate change and drr scenarios’ ...Deltares
Presentation by Enrico Duo (University Ferrara) at the XBeach X (10th Year Anniversary) Conference, during Delft Software Days - Edition 2017. Wednesday, 1 November 2017, Delft.
Hydrological responses to forest cover change in mountains under projected cl...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— This study quantified the hydrological responses to the forest cover change in the upper part of Sola River basin, Forest Creek catchment, southern Poland, under projected climatic conditions. The Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) will be applied to investigate the response of the hydrology regime to deforestation and reforestation processes. Under two emission scenarios (A1B and B1, IPCC) of the general circulation model GISS_E (NASA Goddard Institute) were employed to generate future possible climatic conditions. The detailed research was performed on a Forest Creek catchment during the 2002-2012.A key point is to assess both the rate of change in hydrological conditions after the collapse of the spruce stands and the time necessary to stabilize the water management after the afforestation. The results of elaborations show that deforestation process reduces the retention by 40% (10 years), in the same time water drainage from the catchment shortened by 47%.
Application of GIS and MODFLOW to Ground Water Hydrology- A ReviewIJERA Editor
Groundwater is one of the most valuable natural resources, which supports human health, economic
development and ecological diversity. Due to over exploitation, the ground water systems are affected and
require management to maintain the conditions of ground water resources within acceptable limits. With the
development of computers and advances in information technology, efficient techniques for water management
has evolved. The main intent of the paper is to present a comprehensive review on application of GIS
(Geographic Information System) followed by coupling with MODFLOW package for ground water
management and development. Two major areas are discussed stating GIS applications in ground water
hydrology. (i) GIS based subsurface flow and pollution modelling (ii) Selection of artificial recharge sites.
Although the use of these techniques in groundwater studies has rapidly increased since last decade the sucess
rate is very limited. Based on this review , it is concluded that integation of GIS and MODFLOW have great
potential to revolutionize the monitoring and management of vital ground water resources in the future.
Discovering the world’s largest tropical peatland complex in the Congo basin:...CIFOR-ICRAF
Presented by Simon Leeds of Leeds University and University College London at the Bonn Climate Change Conference on 11 May 2017 at a side event titled 'Re-discovering the magnificent carbon storage potential of wetlands and peatlands'.
This is the 7th lesson the course - Climate Change & Global Environment taught at the Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities of the Rajarata University of Sri Lanka
Spatiotemporal Land Use Patterns in UrbanizationWaqas Tariq
Urban planning was very much a design and engineering exercise with the state as a single stake holder. Mega cities with millions of population, which has undergone a series of physical as well as socio-economic changes over the last 60 years. These for in different areas of India, new planning approaches require the need to understand the complicated urban land development process. GIS- Geographic Information System and remote sensing provide the advance techniques and methods for studying urban land development and assist urban planning. This research survey firstly describes the urban expansion process till now and land use changes in the inner city.
Prof Ni-Bin Chang talked about the urban growth model to be adopted in the "Flood impact assessment in mega cities under urban sprawl and climate change" project.
Council’s approach to managing growth and development in Hutt City to 2032. It focuses on how much we want the city to grow, where new homes and businesses will be accommodated, and what will be done to support and encourage this development.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL URBAN CHANGE DETECTION, ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF KATHMANDU ...Kamal Shahi
research performed by three students of Geomatics engineering faculty of Kathmandu University as the final year project. in this study we tried to detect the change in the spatial extent of the urban area, change pattern of urban area and simulation of the future urban area of Kathmandu valley by using the application of geospatial technologies i.e. remote sensing, GIS, Spatial metrics, Urban Growth Prediction Model(SLEUTH Model).
Spatial temporal urban change extraction and modeling of Kathmandu ValleyJanak Parajuli
Spatial temporal extraction and modeling of urban growth of Kathmandu valley is the project done by Kathmandu University GE final year students: Dhruba Poudel, Janak Parajuli and Kamal Shahi...it has three sections: first one is extraction of built up features second one is its quantification and change detection while the third one is its modeling so as to predict urban growth for upcoming years.
Spatio-temporal analysis using urban-rural gradient modelling and landscape m...Beniamino Murgante
Spatio-temporal analysis using urban-rural gradient modelling and landscape metrics
Marco Vizzari - Department of Man and Territory, University of Perugia
Urban Land Cover Change Detection Analysis and Modelling Spatio-Temporal Grow...Bayes Ahmed
This is my final Mater thesis presentation. The thesis defense was held on March' 07, 2011 at 15:30 in the seminar room of Universitat Jaume I (UJI), Castellón, Spain.
2017 Open Space Conference - Ellie Cohen - Accelerating Nature-based Solution...OpenSpaceCouncil
*Please note that animations in this presentations are not visible when viewed through Slideshare.
Ellie Cohen, Executive Director, Point Blue Conservation Science, spoke at the 2017 Open Space Conference, Eyes on the Horizon, Boots on the Trail on May 18, 2017 at the Craneway Pavilion in Richmond, CA. More info on the Bay Area Open Space Council's website: http://openspacecouncil.org/community-events/conference/
This project involves the study of the main factors that contributing in Pakistan floods. Statistical study of temperature and precipitation over the past 55 years conducted in three different regions of Pakistan.
Nature Nights: A Low-to-No Snow FutureDesLandTrust
Mountain snowpacks have historically acted as large, natural reservoirs of water, as well as providing awesome recreational opportunities. In recent decades, however, snowpack has declined—another sign of a changing climate. If our climate continues to warm, snow loss will be exacerbated across the Western US, termed a “low-to-no snow future.” Join the Deschutes Land Trust, Dr. Alan Rhoades, and Dr. Erica Siirila-Woodburn to learn about the possibility of a low-to-no snow future in the Cascades. Dr. Rhoades and Dr. Siirila-Woodburn will offer proactive solutions to both mitigate the extent of and adapt to the changing conditions of a low-to-no snow future. Learn how you can help make a difference in our (hopefully!) snowy future.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Spatio Temporal Analysis of Hispar Glacier over last 15 years
1. Usama MaqsoodUsama Maqsood
IGIS, NUSTIGIS, NUST
usama13@igis.nust.edu.pkusama13@igis.nust.edu.pk
Abstract Number: ICMCC-A-060
International Conference:International Conference:
Mountains and Climate Change:Mountains and Climate Change:
Resources, Challenges & OpportunitiesResources, Challenges & Opportunities
for Better Life & Livelihoodsfor Better Life & Livelihoods
2. INTRODUCTION
The transformation and alternation of climate postures a severe threat and intimidation
to the natural resources like that of glaciers in the country.
Various studies have been conducted and confirmed the effect of global warming,
along with others causes, on glacier melting.
At a fast pace of retreating and thinning of glaciers and increasing spread of glacial
lakes are the sign of rise in global temperatures.
The reduced duration of winter, moving towards with the time, condenses the
residency period for snow and its conversion into ice.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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3. Pakistan has been blessed with huge glacial deposits in its northern region on which it
depends heavily for its fresh water needs as the glacial melt water is the source of all major
rivers in the country.
The total snow cover in HKH region of Pakistan is about 2,738 km, 3 of which Hunza,
Shyok and Shigar basins make up 80%.
RS and GIS techniques were used to address the glacier meltdown in the north-eastern
mountainous area of Pakistan.
Temporal maps designed to measure spatial changes in snow cover indicate a significant
change leading to disasters such as flooding and Glacial Lake Outburst Floods.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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5. STUDY AREA
A 60 km (37 mi) long glacier at an altitude of 5000 m, named as “Hispar Glacier”.
At World Reference System-2 (WRS) path-row of 149-35.
In the Karakoram Mountains of the Northern Areas, Pakistan.
Meets 63 km (39 mi ) long Biafo glacier, creating the world's longest glacial system
outside of the polar regions.
Connecting Nagar (immediately south to Hunza in west) and Baltistan (in the east),
the prehistoric mountains.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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7. PROJECT SCOPE
Work to be Accomplished:
Incorporating DEM and coarser resolution datasets along with rainfall and surface
temperature data.
Creating a more robust tool for glacier mapping and processing.
Purpose of this Project:
To study the Hispar glacier spatial extent condition with the passage of time.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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8. OBJECTIVES
To establish the satellite imagery inventory for study area.
To create python programmed toolboxes.
To develop the geo-referenced maps based on spatio-temporal analysis using:
Rainfall
Surface Temperature Dataset
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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9. Graphical representation of yearly analysis.
One Year
15 Year
Geo-referenced dataset.
Raster and Geo-database
Maps
Season based
DELIVERABLES
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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10. SUCCESS FACTORS
Programmed tools for:
Glacier Mapping
TRMM Data Processing
LST Data Processing
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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11. DATASETS
Landsat imagery (path-row: 149-35)
L5 (1998-2000, 2009-2011)
L7 (2000-2002, 2013)
L8 (2013-2014)
Digital Elevation Model (DEM)
ASTER 30 m
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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12. Tropical Rainfall Mapping Mission (TRMM)
Monthly Average Data
3B43
Land Surface Temperature (LST)
MODIS Daily Data
MOD11A
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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14. BOUNDARY DEMARCATION
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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DEM
Watershed
and Basin
Analysis
Hispar
Basin
L8, 764
as RGB
16. GLACIER MAPPING TOOL
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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Band Ratio
Maximum Likelihood
Classification
17. International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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NSDI
Stacking
18. TRMM PROCESSING TOOL
Annual Composite Tool
Converts the TRMM data from GeoTIFF format to NetCDF.
Mask the output file to the study area boundary.
Combines the whole year data into 1 single raster file and takes the mean of it.
OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
Spring to Autumn Composite Tool
Takes daily TRMM data of rainfall.
Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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19. Spring to Autumn Composite Tool 2
Takes monthly TRMM data of rainfall.
Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
Spring to Autumn Accumulated Composite Tool
Takes sum of each data of TRMM rainfall.
Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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20. TRMM 10 Days Composite Tool
Takes 10 days of TRMM data of rainfall.
Takes spring month (3rd
month) to autumn month (10th
month).
OUTPUT: Single raster file having annual average of rainfall of that area.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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21. Graphical User Interface for Python Tool
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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22. LST PROCESSING TOOL
Mosaic Tool
Mosaicking the MODIS tiles.
OUTPUT: Geo-database.
Mosaic Tool 2
Mosaicking the MODIS tiles.
OUTPUT: Raster file.
Composite Tool
Takes in daily coverage of surface temperature.
Makes monthly composite of each of them.
OUTPUT:
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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23. RESULTS
One Year Analysis
Dataset:
TRMM, MODIS, and
Landsat (2013)
23
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
27. Different Year Analysis
Change in spatial extent from
2001-2013.
27
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
30. CONCLUSION
Glaciers are melting at far velocity than before.
Greater the surface temperature, more of the snow melting.
Higher the rainfall, more of the stability.
International Conference: Mountains and Climate Change: Resources, Challenges & Opportunities for Better Life & Livelihoods
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31. REFERENCES
Bashir, F., & Rasul, G. (2010). Estimation of average snow cover over northern Pakistan. Pakistan
Journal of Meteorology, 7(13), 63-69.
Bashir, F., & Rasul, G. (2010). Estimation of Water Discharge from Gilgit Basin, using Remote
Sensing, GIS and Runoff Modeling. Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 6(12), 97-113.
Bolch, T., et al. (2012). The state and fate of Himalayan glaciers. Science, 336(6079), 310-314.
Farooqi, A. B., et al. (2005). Climate change perspective in Pakistan. Pakistan J. Meteorol, 2(3).
Mayer, C., et al. (2010). Analysis of glacial meltwater in Bagrot Valley, Karakoram: Based on short-
term ablation and debris cover observations on Hinarche Glacier. Mountain Research and
Development, 30(2), 169-177.
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32. Rasul, G., et al. (2011). Glaciers and glacial lakes under changing climate in Pakistan.
Pakistan Journal of Meteorology, 8(15).
Rasul, G., et al. (2008). Global warming and melting glaciers along southern slopes of
HKH range. Pak. Jr. of Meteorology, 5(9).
ZAMIR, U. B. (2012). Monitoring receding of glaciers and in north-eastern pakistan
through geo-informatics techniques.
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Editor's Notes
Climate alterations is among the most sever threats that we are facing at the moment
Immense amount of research is being carried out regarding climatic change
Difference of ablation and accretion is being monitoring continuously for a long time
Being a agricultural country, we can’t deny the long term effects of climatic change
80% snow lies in hunza, shyok and shigar basins
With evolution in technology, we have robust means of gathering and processing data for insitue conditions
Temporal analysis is one of the most effective ways to reveal an insight to long term change such as floods and GLOF