This document describes several local animal species found in South America, including the chinchilla, vicuña, Andean condor, puma, jaguar, spectacled bear, armadillo, llama, ñandu/rhea, and hornero. It provides details about each animal's physical appearance, habitat range, diet, and behaviors. The chinchilla, vicuña, and spectacled bear are endangered due to hunting for their fur or wool. The document aims to educate the reader about the biodiversity of wildlife unique to the Andean mountain and surrounding regions of South America.
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Oceania is a geographic region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania has a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903 sq mi) and a population of over 41 million. When compared to continents, the region of Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica.
Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies such as Papua New Guinea, Indonesian New Guinea, Kiribati, Vanuatu and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga.The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney.
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GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9: BRAZIL. Presentation suitable for Geography Year 9 students, which contains: geography, borders, maps, flags, current leaders, etymology, currency, area, early and modern history, governance, foreign relations, military, topography and relief forms, rivers and lakes, climate, biodiversity, economy, natural resources, population and density, capital, largest cities, ethnic groups, language, religion, health system, education system and literacy, culture, personalities.
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Oceania is a geographic region that includes Australasia, Melanesia, Micronesia and Polynesia. Spanning the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, Oceania has a land area of 8,525,989 square kilometres (3,291,903 sq mi) and a population of over 41 million. When compared to continents, the region of Oceania is the smallest in land area and the second smallest in population after Antarctica.
Oceania has a diverse mix of economies from the highly developed and globally competitive financial markets of Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, which rank high in quality of life and human development index, to the much less developed economies such as Papua New Guinea, Indonesian New Guinea, Kiribati, Vanuatu and Tuvalu, while also including medium-sized economies of Pacific islands such as Palau, Fiji and Tonga.The largest and most populous country in Oceania is Australia, and the largest city is Sydney.
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I have made this PPT on the Geography of North America. I have covered almost each and every topic related to it. So, you're welcome!
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GEOGRAPHY YEAR 9: BRAZIL. Presentation suitable for Geography Year 9 students, which contains: geography, borders, maps, flags, current leaders, etymology, currency, area, early and modern history, governance, foreign relations, military, topography and relief forms, rivers and lakes, climate, biodiversity, economy, natural resources, population and density, capital, largest cities, ethnic groups, language, religion, health system, education system and literacy, culture, personalities.
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A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
2. Chinchilla
This is the chinchilla. It lives
in the Andes in Chile and
Peru. It is small and grey.
Chinchillas have got two
small eyes and a long bushy
tail.
Chinchillas eat desert
grasses and hay.
They can run but they can’t
fly.
Chinchillas are an
endangered species
because men hunt them for
their fur.
3. Vicuña
This is the vicuña. It lives
in the Andes in Argentina,
Chile and Peru. It is tall
and brown.
Vicuñas have got four
long legs and a very short
tail.
Vicuñas eat grass.
Vicuñas can run and
climb mountains.
Vicuñas are hunted for
their wool. It is soft and
warm.
4. Andean Condor
This is the condor. It lives
in the Andes in Argentina,
Chile and Peru. It is large
and black.
Condors have two long
wings and a long pointed
tail. They have got a black
neck.
Condors can fly high.
Condors eat dead
animals.
Condors travel long
distances for food.
5. Puma
This is the puma. It lives
in the central part of
Argentina. It is a large cat.
It is brown
Pumas have four strong
and quick legs and a long
tail. They can run fast.
Pumas eat meat. They
hunt vicuñas and
guanacos.
Condors sometimes
attack pumas.
6. Jaguar
This is the jaguar. It lives
in the North of Argentina
and in South of Paraguay.
It is a very large cat. It is
light brown with black
spots.
Jaguars have four short
and strong legs. They can
run fast.
Jaguars eat meat. They
hunt large or small
animals.
Jaguars like swimming.
7. Spectacled bear
This is the spectacled bear.
It lives in the Andes in
Argentina, Peru and Bolivia.
It is a very large bear. Its
body is black or dark
brown. Its face is white.
Spectacled bears have four
short and strong legs. They
can climb mountains.
Spectacled bears eat plants.
They like fruit a lot.
8. Armadillo
This is the armadillo. It
lives in Paraguay. It is
small. It is light brown
and has a hard shell on
its body.
Armadillos have four
short and quick legs.
Armadillos eat insects.
They can be in the
water for 6 minutes.
9. Llama
This is the llama. It lives
in the Andes. It is a big
animal. It is like a
camel. It is brown or
white. It has got long
and warm wool on its
body.
Llamas eat grass. They
like spitting.
Llamas can climb
mountains.
10. Ñandu - Rheas
This is the ñandú or
rhea. It lives in the
Pampas. It is a big bird.
It is brown or white. It
has got a long neck and
two long legs.
Nandus /Rheas eat
plants and insects.
Ñandus/Rheas can’t fly.
They can run.
11. Hornero
This is the hornero. It
lives in Argentina and
Uruguay. It is small and
brown.
Horneros have a long bill
and a short tail.
Horneros can make big
mud nests.
Horneros eat worms.
Horneros are the national
birds in Argentina and
Uruguay.
Editor's Notes
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Chinchillas are crepuscular (most active around dawn and dusk) rodents, slightly larger and more robust than ground squirrels. They are native to the Andes mountains in South America and live in colonies called "herds" at high altitudes up to 4,270 metres (14,000 ft). Historically, chinchillas lived in the Andes of Bolivia, Peru, and Chile, but today colonies in the wild remain only in Peru and Chile.[3] Along with their relatives, viscachas, they make up the family Chinchillidae.
The chinchilla (whose name literally means "little chincha") is named after the Chincha people of the Andes, who once wore its dense, velvet-like fur.[4] By the end of the 19th century, chinchillas had become quite rare due to hunting for their ultra-soft fur.[5] Most chinchillas currently used by the fur industry for clothing and other accessories are farm-raised.[6]
Chinchillas are currently listed as a critically endangered species by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species due to a severe population loss approximated at a 90% global population loss over the last 15 years. The severe population decline has been caused by Chinchilla hunting by humans. [1]
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The vicuña (Vicugna vicugna) or vicugna[2] is one of two wild South American camelids which live in the high alpine areas of the Andes, the other being the guanaco. It is a relative of the llama, and is now believed to be the wild ancestor of domesticated alpacas, which are raised for their coats. Vicuñas produce small amounts of extremely fine wool, which is very expensive because the animal can only be shorn every three years, and has to be caught from the wild. When knitted together, the product of the vicuña's wool is very soft and warm. The Inca valued vicuñas highly for their wool, and it was against the law for anyone but royalty to wear vicuña garments.
Both under the rule of the Inca and today, vicuñas have been protected by law, but they were heavily hunted in the intervening period. At the time they were declared endangered in 1974, there were only about 6,000 animals left. Today, the vicuña population has recovered to about 350,000,[1] and although conservation organizations have reduced its level of threat classification, they still call for active conservation programs to protect populations from poaching, habitat loss, and other threats.
The vicuña is the national animal of Peru; its emblem is used on the Peruvian coat of arms.
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The Argentine cougar, commonly known as puma (Puma concolor cabrerae) is a subspecies of cougar native to western and central Argentina.[1] It weighs between 32–82 kg (70-180 lb). In San Guillermo National Park, 80% of their diet are vicunas, while 11% is from mice and 9% from hares, they also prey on guanaco.[2] When harassed byAndean condor, they may abandon their kills, which cause them to kill 50% more prey than North American cougar.[3]
http://www.jigsawplanet.com/?rc=play&pid=0e240369f04e
The jaguar (/ˈdʒæɡjuːər, ˈdʒæɡjʊər, ˈdʒæɡjuːɑr/ or /ˈdʒæɡwɑr/;[3] Brazilian Portuguese: [ʒɐˈɡwaʁ], Spanish: [xaˈɣwar]), Panthera onca, is a big cat, a feline in the Panthera genus, and is the only Panthera species native to the Americas. The jaguar is the third-largest feline after the tiger and the lion, and the largest in the Western Hemisphere. The jaguar's present range extends from Southwestern United States and Mexico across much of Central America and south to Paraguay and northern Argentina. Apart from a known and possibly breeding population in Arizona (southeast of Tucson), the cat has largely been extirpated from the United States since the early 20th century.
This spotted cat most closely resembles the leopard physically, although it is usually larger and of sturdier build and its behavioral and habitat characteristics are closer to those of the tiger. While dense rainforest is its preferred habitat, the jaguar will range across a variety of forested and open terrains. It is strongly associated with the presence of water and is notable, along with the tiger, as a feline that enjoys swimming. The jaguar is largely a solitary, opportunistic, stalk-and-ambush predator at the top of the food chain (an apex predator). It is a keystone species, playing an important role in stabilizing ecosystems and regulating the populations of the animals it hunts. The jaguar has an exceptionally powerful bite, even relative to the other big cats.[4] This allows it to pierce the shells of armored reptiles[5] and to employ an unusual killing method: it bites directly through the skull of prey between the ears to deliver a fatal bite to the brain.[6]
The jaguar is a near threatened species and its numbers are declining. Threats include loss and fragmentation of habitat. While international trade in jaguars or their parts is prohibited, the cat is still frequently killed by humans, particularly in conflicts with ranchers and farmers in South America. Although reduced, its range remains large. Given its historical distribution, the jaguar has featured prominently in the mythology of numerous indigenous American cultures, including those of the Maya and Aztec.
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The spectacled bear is the only bear native to South America and is technically the largest land carnivore on that continent, although as little as 5% of its diet is composed of meat. South America's largest obligate carnivorous mammal is the jaguar (Panthera onca). Among South America's extant, native land animals, only the Baird's (Tapirus bairdii) and South American tapirs (T. terrestris) are heavier than this species.[5] The spectacled bear is a mid-sized species of bear. Overall, its fur is blackish in color, though bears may vary from jet black to dark brown and to even a reddish hue. The species typically has distinctive beige or ginger-coloured markings across its face and upper chest, though not all spectacled bears have "spectacle" markings. The pattern and extent of pale markings are slightly different on each individual bear, and bears can be readily distinguished by this.[6] Males are a third larger than females in dimensions and sometimes twice their weight.[7] Males can weigh from 100 to 200 kg (220 to 440 lb), and females can weigh from 35 to 82 kg (77 to 181 lb).[8] Head-and-body length can range from 120 to 200 cm (47–79 in), though mature males do not measure less than 150 cm (59 in).[9][10] The tail is a mere 7 cm (2.8 in) in length, and the shoulder height is from 60 to 90 cm (24–30 in). Compared to other living bears, this species has a more rounded face with a relatively short and broad snout. In some extinct species of the Tremarctinae subfamily, this facial structure has been thought to be an adaptation to a largely carnivorous diet, despite the modern spectacled bears' herbivorous dietary preferences.[11][12][13]
http://www.jigsawplanet.com/?rc=play&pid=2d884402a69e
Rheas are large, flightless birds with grey-brown plumage, long legs and long necks, similar to an ostrich. Large males of R. americanacan reach 170 cm (67 in) tall at the head, 100 cm (39 in) at the back[6] and can weigh up to 40 kg (88 lb),[7] The lesser rhea is somewhat smaller as they are only 90 cm (35 in) tall at the back.[6] Their wings are large for a flightless bird (250 cm (8.2 ft))[6] and are spread while running, to act like sails.[8] Unlike most birds, rheas have only three toes. Their tarsus has 18 to 22 horizontal plates on the front of it. They also store urine separately in an expansion of the cloaca.[6]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
Rheas are from South America only and are limited within the continent to Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, and Uruguay. They are grassland birds and both species prefer open land. The greater rheas live in open grasslands, pampas, and chaco woodlands. They prefer to breed near water and prefer lowlands, seldom going above 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). On the other hand, the lesser rhea will inhabit mostshrubland, grassland, even desert salt puna up to 4,500 metres (14,800 ft).[6][9][10]
A small population of rheas has emerged in northeastern Germany, after several couples escaped from an exotic meat farm near Lübeck in the late 1990s. Contrary to expectations, the large birds have adapted well to the conditions in the German countryside.[11] Currently there is a population of well over 100 birds in an area of 150 square kilometres (58 sq mi) between the river Wakenitz and the A20 motorway, slowly expanding eastwards.[12] A monitoring system has been in place since 2008.[13
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The horneros are members of the genus Furnarius in the family Furnariidae, native to South America.
Horneros are brown birds with rather short tails and fairly long bills. They are known for building mud nests that resemble old wood-fired ovens (the Spanish word "hornero" comes from horno, meaning "oven"). While many Furnariids have different nests, the hornero nest is the reason for the common name applied to the entire family; ovenbirds(though unrelated to the ovenbird, which is a parulid warbler). The size and exact shape of the hornero nest varies depending on the species. They generally lay two to four eggs, although the breeding behavior of the bay hornero is virtually unknown.
Adult horneros can frequently be seen sitting on top of their nest. Disregarding the uncommon and relatively shy bay hornero, horneros are typically fairly common and highly conspicuous birds. They are generally noisy. All horneros are partially terrestrial, and commonly seen walking on the ground with a relatively upright posture.
The rufous hornero is a national emblem of Argentina and Uruguay, two of the several countries it inhabits.