This document provides information on tigers, including their taxonomic classification as Panthera tigris, descriptions of their physical characteristics and behaviors, reproductive patterns, feeding habits, common diseases, and conservation status. It notes there are currently six surviving tiger subspecies ranging throughout parts of Asia, but their numbers have declined drastically from over 100,000 at the beginning of the 1900s to approximately 3,200 remaining in the wild today due to threats like poaching and habitat loss. Conservation groups are working to help protect and save the remaining wild tiger populations.

1. TIGER
Presented By
Group-B1
ID NO: 1201040 – 1201052
Level-4;Semester-1
Faculty of Veterinary Science

2.  Introduction
 Taxonomic classification
 Description
 Biological characteristics
 Reproduction
 Feeds & feeding
 Restraining
 Important diseases

3.  The tiger is the largest member of the Felidae family
 Genus Panthera are called roaring cats because they
have an incompletely ossified hyoid apparatus
 Historic tiger range ran from Turkey through South &
South-East Asia to the eastern part of the continent
 Today they are only found in South & South-East
Asia, China & Russia
 In the early 1900s there were 100000 tigers
throughout their range
 Today approximately 3200 exist in the wild

4. Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Subphylum: Vertebrata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Felidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: Panthera tigris

5. Length: 4.6-12.2 ft.
Height: 3-3.5 ft.
Weight: 220-675 pounds
Colors and markings: Orange with a white belly
and black stripes
Shape: oval body that is low to the ground

6. Six surviving subspecies of tiger:
 Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris tigris)
 Indochinese tiger (Panthera tigris corbetti)
 Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris jacksoni)
 Siberian tiger (Panthera tigris altaica)
 Southchina tiger (Panthera tigris amoyensis)
 Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae)

7. Bengal tiger
Indochinese tiger
Malayan tiger

8. Siberian tiger
South-china tiger
Sumatran tiger

9. Three extinct subspecies of tiger:
 Bali tiger ( Panthera tigris balica)
 Caspian tiger (Panthera tigris virgata)
 Javan tiger (Panthera tigris sondaica)

10. Bali tiger
Caspian tiger
Javan tiger

11.  Tigers live in Asia. Larger subspecies, such as the
Siberian tiger, tend to live in Northern, colder areas,
such as Eastern Russia and North-Eastern China.
 Smaller subspecies live in Southern, warmer
countries, such as India, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan,
Myanmar, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia and
Indonesia
 They live in arid forests, flooded mangrove forests,
tropical forests and taiga, depending on the
subspecies

13.  All subspecies of tigers are extremely territorial
 Tigers mostly live solitary lives with exception of when
they are courting, mating, or raising their offspring in
case of females
 Nocturnal in nature
 Tiger's stripes are like fingerprints, each tiger has
different stripes
 Tigers have retractable claws that are covered by an
envelop when retracted
 Males have wider forepaw pads than females, enabling
gender to be told from tracks

14.  Tigresses are smaller than the males in each
subspecies
 Average speed of tiger is around 56-64 km/h
 A tiger can leap forward up to 33 feet at a time
 Unlike other felids tigers are excellent swimmers and
are often found during the day relaxing in ponds,
streams, and rivers. They are even
capable to carry prey through water
 Tigers have 30 teeth in total. The dental
formula is I3/3 C1/1 P3/2 M1/1

15.  Tigers typically live 14 to 18 years
 Mothers guard their young so that the
wandering males don't eat them

16.  Tigers are sexually dimorphic species
 Although tigers can mate throughout the year,
copulation usually happens between November and
April
 Females reach sexual maturity at around three to
four years of age, while males are a little older, at an
average of four or five years old

17.  Females usually wait about 2.5 years between
pregnancies
 Gestation period is 103 days
 3-4 cubs are born in a litter
 Cubs come out of den in 8 weeks
 At 2 years old, the cubs will set out on their own, and
their mother will have another set of cubs

18.  All tigers are carnivores
 Most of a tiger's diet consists of large prey, such
as pigs, deer, rhinos or elephant calves.
 To kill their prey, tigers will clamp down on the
animal's neck with their jaws and suffocate the
animal

19. There are two methods of restraining tiger:
1. Physical method
a) Confinement (Squeeze cages, special bags &
towels)
b) Physical barriers (shields and blankets)
c) Arms and nets
Squeeze cage

20. 2. Chemical method
 Mainly blowgun tranquilization is prefered
 Usually Tilazol (Tiletamine HCl and Zolazepam HCl) is used as
2-7 mg/kg bw, IM
 Acts within 10 to 15 min & recovers after 4hrs

21. 1. Viral diseases
 Rabies
 Pseudorabies
 Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (Feline AIDS or FIV )
 Feline Leukaemia Virus (FeLV)
 Canine distemper
2. Bacterial diseases
 Tuberculosis
 Salmonellosis
 Anthrax
 Bacterial meningitis

22. 3. Fungal diseases
 Microsporum
 Dermatophilosis
 Coccidioidomycosis
4. Parasitic diseases
 Babesiosis
 Toxoplasmosis
 Tick bite fever

23.  There is about 3200; around 1411 Bengal tigers, about 450
Siberian and the same with Sumatran, Indo-Chinese is
anywhere between 1100 and 1800, and the South China tiger
is close to none, to be precise, less than 20
 Just 440 tiger left in Bangladesh according to the latest survey
 The illegal poaching of tigers for their parts and destruction of
their habitat are the biggest challenges faced in the fight to
save tigers
 The Corbett Foundation, Big Cat Rescue, Global Tiger Forum,
Asian Conservation Awareness Programme
 The mission of saving the tigers will succeed only if measures
are taken with full initiative and care

25.  Fowler, M.E. ; Zoo and Wild Animal Medicine
 Fowler, M.E. ; Restraint and Handling of Wild and
Domestic Animals
 http://www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiger
 http://www.defenders.org/wildlife
 http://www.habitat/wildlife/tiger.php
 http://www.lairweb.org.nz/tiger/taxonomy2.html
 http://www.zooschool.ersd.net/Tiger.html

26. Special Thanks to
 Dr. Md. Ariful Islam
Associate Professor
Departmentof Medicine
 Dr. Mst. Sonia Parvin
Assistant Professor
Departmentof Medicine

27. Thank
you!!!