Administration from the Islamic perspective has several sources; Quran and Sunnah.

1. Presented by: Kaiyisah Nurulsyakur Binti Yusof
Matric No.: G1628472
Presented to: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Afareez Abd. Razak Al- Hafiz
ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES IN ADMINISTRATION & HUMAN RELATION
(EDA 6002)
International Islamic University Malaysia
Kulliyyah of Education
Semester 1, 2018/2019

2. CONTENTS
References
Conclusion
Sources of Islamic Administration
Sources from the Qur’an Sources from the Sunnah
Definition of terms
Introduction

3. INTRODUCTION
0 The Islamic roots of administration generally exist
in the primary and secondary sources of the
shari’ah in addition to the practices of the early
Muslims.
0 The Islamic shari’ah lays down principles and
fundamentals for the orientation of governmental
affairs and the construction of good and ethical
administration.

4. Definition of Terms
• Someone or something that supplies
information (Cambridge Dictionary).Source
• The word of Allah that is revealed to
the prophet Muhammad, recited as a
form of worship.
Al-
Qur’an
• The path or the way of the prophet
Muhammad and is used to denote
his actions, deeds, and utterances.
Sunnah

5. SOURCES OF ISLAMIC ADMINISTRATIONSourcesofIslamic
Administration
Al- Qur’an Primary source
Sunnah
Secondary
source

6. Sources of Islamic Administration
from the Qur’an
0 The word ‘administration’ –‫-تدبير‬ does not mentioned
specifically in the Qur’an.
0 It uses the Arabic word ‘yudabbiru’ –‫ر‬ّْ‫ب‬َ‫د‬ُ‫.-ي‬
0 ‘Yudabbiru’ means to direct, to conduct, to manage, to
organize, to be in charge.
0 The word ‘yudabbiru’ appears four times in the Holy
Qur’an.

7. From the Qur’an
َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ِ‫َّة‬‫ت‬ِ‫س‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ َ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ َ‫ق‬َ‫ل‬َ‫خ‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ٍ‫ام‬َّ‫ي‬َ‫أ‬
…ِ‫و‬ِ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫د‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫َّل‬ِ‫إ‬ ٍ‫ع‬‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ‫ا‬َ‫م‬ ۖ َ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ُ‫ر‬ّْ‫ـ‬‫ب‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬ ۖ ِ‫ش‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫أع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫و‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫اس‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
Indeed, your Lord is Allah, who created the heavens and the
earth in six days and then established Himself above the Throne,
arranging the matter [of His creation]. There is no intercessor
except after His permission.…
(Surah Yunus; 3)

8. Cont.
َ‫ار‬َ‫ص‬‫أ‬‫ب‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ع‬‫أ‬‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ ُ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َّ‫َم‬‫أ‬ ِ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ َ‫ن‬ّْ‫م‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ق‬ُ‫ز‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬ ‫أ‬‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬
ّْ‫ي‬َ‫أح‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ت‬ّْ‫ي‬َ‫أم‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ت‬ّْ‫ي‬َ‫أم‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َّ‫ي‬َ‫أح‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ج‬ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫خ‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
﴾٣١﴿ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬َّ‫ـ‬‫ت‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ َ‫َل‬َ‫ف‬َ‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫ل‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ۖ ُ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ل‬‫و‬ُ‫ق‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬َ‫س‬َ‫ف‬ ۖ َ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ُ‫ر‬ّْ‫ـ‬‫ب‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬ ‫ن‬َ‫م‬َ‫و‬
Say, "Who provides for you from the heaven and the earth?
Or who controls hearing and sight and who brings the
living out of the dead and brings the dead out of the living
and who arranges [every] matter?" They will say, "Allah," so
say, "Then will you not fear Him?”
(Surah Yunus; 31)

9. Cont.
‫ا‬َ‫ه‬َ‫ـ‬‫ن‬‫أ‬‫و‬َ‫ر‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ٍ‫د‬َ‫م‬َ‫ع‬ ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫غ‬ِ‫ب‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫او‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ َ‫ع‬َ‫ف‬َ‫ر‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ُ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ِۖ‫ش‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫أع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫و‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬‫أ‬‫اس‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬
َۖ‫ر‬َ‫م‬َ‫ق‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫س‬‫أ‬‫م‬َّ‫الش‬ َ‫ر‬َّ‫خ‬َ‫س‬َ‫و‬ۖ‫ى‬ِّ‫م‬َ‫س‬ُّ‫م‬ ٍ‫ل‬َ‫ج‬َِ‫ْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ج‬َ‫ي‬ ّّ‫ل‬ُ‫ك‬ۖ
﴾٢﴿ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫وق‬ُ‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ّْ‫ب‬َ‫ر‬ ِ‫اء‬َ‫ق‬ِ‫ل‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬َّ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬َ‫ل‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫ي‬ ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ُ‫ل‬ّْ‫ص‬َ‫ف‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ َ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ُ‫ر‬ّْ‫ـ‬‫ب‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬
It is Allah who erected the heavens without pillars that you
[can] see; then He established Himself above the Throne and
made subject the sun and the moon, each running [its
course] for a specified term.
He arranges [each] matter; He details the signs that you
may, of the meeting with your Lord, be certain.
(Surah Ar- Ra’d; 2)

10. Cont.
ِ‫ض‬‫أ‬‫ر‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫اء‬َ‫م‬َّ‫الس‬ َ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ُ‫ر‬ّْ‫ـ‬‫ب‬َ‫د‬ُ‫ي‬
﴿ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُّ‫د‬ُ‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ّْ‫م‬ ٍ‫ة‬َ‫ن‬َ‫س‬ َ‫أف‬‫ل‬َ‫أ‬ ُ‫ه‬ُ‫ار‬َ‫د‬‫أ‬‫ق‬ِ‫م‬ َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬ ٍ‫م‬‫أ‬‫و‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ِ‫و‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ج‬ُ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬ َّ‫م‬ُ‫ث‬٥﴾
He arranges [each] matter from the heaven to the earth;
then it will ascend to Him in a Day, the extent of which is
a thousand years of those which you count.
(Surah As- Sajadah; 5)

13. Principles of Administrative Systems
in the Qur’an
‫وا‬ُ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫أ‬‫ح‬َ‫ت‬ ‫َن‬‫أ‬ ِ‫َّاس‬‫ن‬‫ال‬ َ‫ن‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ـ‬‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ح‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ذ‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫و‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ِ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫َى‬‫أ‬ ٰ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ات‬َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ‫ُّوا‬َُّ‫َؤ‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ‫َن‬‫أ‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ر‬ُ‫م‬‫أ‬‫أ‬َ‫ي‬ َ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬
﴾٥٨﴿ ‫ا‬ً‫ير‬ِ‫ص‬َ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ً‫يع‬ِ‫م‬َ‫س‬ َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۖ ِ‫و‬ِ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ُ‫ك‬ُ‫ظ‬ِ‫ع‬َ‫ي‬ ‫ا‬َّ‫م‬ِ‫ع‬ِ‫ن‬ َ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ َّ‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۖ ِ‫ل‬‫أ‬‫د‬َ‫أع‬‫ل‬‫ا‬ِ‫ب‬
‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬َ‫ف‬ ۖ ‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫ك‬‫ن‬ِ‫م‬ ِ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫م‬َ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ُول‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َّ‫الر‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫يع‬ِ‫َط‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫يع‬ِ‫َط‬‫أ‬ ‫وا‬ُ‫ن‬َ‫آم‬ َ‫ين‬ِ‫ذ‬َّ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ه‬ُّ‫ـ‬‫ي‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬َ‫ي‬
ِ‫ر‬ِ‫خ‬ ‫أ‬‫اْل‬ ِ‫م‬‫أ‬‫و‬َ‫ـ‬‫ي‬‫أ‬‫ل‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ِ‫ب‬ َ‫ن‬‫و‬ُ‫ن‬ِ‫م‬‫أ‬‫َؤ‬ُ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫نت‬ُ‫ك‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ِ‫ول‬ُ‫س‬َّ‫الر‬َ‫و‬ ِ‫ـو‬َّ‫ل‬‫ال‬ ‫ى‬َ‫ل‬ِ‫إ‬ ُ‫ُّوه‬ُُّ‫ر‬َ‫ـ‬‫ف‬ ٍ‫ء‬‫أ‬‫ي‬َ‫ش‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ف‬ ‫أ‬‫م‬ُ‫ت‬‫أ‬‫ع‬َ‫از‬َ‫ن‬َ‫ـ‬‫ت‬ۖ
َ‫ك‬ِ‫ل‬َٰ‫ذ‬﴿ ً‫يَل‬ِ‫و‬‫أ‬‫أ‬َ‫ت‬ ُ‫ن‬َ‫س‬‫أ‬‫َح‬‫أ‬َ‫و‬ ٌ‫ر‬‫أ‬‫ـ‬‫ي‬َ‫خ‬٥٩﴾
Indeed, Allah commands you to render trusts to whom they are due and
when you judge between people to judge with justice. Excellent is that
which Allah instructs you. Indeed, Allah is ever Hearing and Seeing. (An-
Nisa’; 58)
O you who have believed, obey Allah and obey the Messenger and those
in authority among you. And if you disagree over anything, refer it to
Allah and the Messenger, if you should believe in Allah and the Last Day.
That is the best [way] and best in result. (An- Nisa’; 59)

14. Principles of Administrative
Systems in the Qur’an
0 Principles of state, government & administration (An-Nisa’; 58-59)
0 The administration of justice (An-Nisa’; 58)
0 The ruler and the ruled (An-Nisa’; 58)
0 People’s authority (An-Nisa’; 59)
0 The principle of leadership (An-Nisa’; 59)
0 Loyalty (An-Nisa’; 59)
0 The principle of consultation (shura) (Ash- Shura; 38)

15. Summarizes
0 According to Al-Buraey (2003), the Qur’an describes the
Muslims as those who carry out their governmental and
administrative affairs by counsel among themselves.
0 He also explained the definition of yudabbirul amr, as
encompasses the ability to design, plan, direct, organize
and govern affairs.
0 Therefore, authoritarian and dictatorial leaders and
administrators, as well as one-man decision makers, have no
place in the administrative system of Islam.
0 Only those who are pious, God-fearing, just, kind and
capable of performing their tasks are given power to rule
and undertake administrative chargers.

16. Sources of Islamic Administration
from the Sunnah
‫وعن‬‫ابن‬‫عمر‬‫رضي‬‫اهلل‬‫عنهما‬‫قال‬‫‏‬:‫‏‬‫مسعت‬‫رسول‬‫اهلل‬‫صلى‬‫اهلل‬‫عليه‬‫وسلم‬‫يقول‬‫‏‬:“‫كلكم‬
،‫اع‬‫ر‬‫كلكم‬‫و‬‫مسئول‬‫عن‬‫رعيتو‬:‫اإلمام‬‫اع‬‫ر‬‫ومسَؤول‬‫عن‬،‫رعيتو‬‫و‬‫الرجل‬‫اع‬‫ر‬‫في‬‫أىلو‬
‫ومسَؤول‬‫عن‬،‫رعيتو‬‫و‬‫أة‬‫ر‬‫الم‬‫اعية‬‫ر‬‫في‬‫بيت‬‫زوجها‬‫ومسَؤولة‬‫عن‬،‫رعيتها‬‫و‬‫الخاُّم‬‫اع‬‫ر‬
‫في‬‫مال‬‫سيده‬‫ومسَؤول‬‫عن‬‫رعيتو‬‫كلكم‬‫و‬‫اع‬‫ر‬‫ومسَؤول‬‫عن‬‫رعيتو‬”((‫متفق‬‫عليو‬))
Ibn 'Umar reported: I heard Prophet Muhammad PBUH
saying, "All of you are guardians and are responsible for
your wards. The ruler is a guardian and responsible for his
subjects; the man is a guardian and responsible for his
family; the woman is a guardian and is responsible for her
husbands house and his offspring; and so all of you are
guardians and are responsible for your wards.“
[Al-Bukhari and Muslim, Book 1, Hadith 653]

17. The ruler
The ruled
The man
Family
The
woman
Husbands’
house
Children
The
servants
Master's
wealth

18. From the Sunnah
Hijrah
• 622
Battle of
Badar
• 623
Battle of
Uhud
• 625
Battle of
Khandaq
• 627
Conquest
of Mecca
• 629

19. CONCLUSION
0 ‫كت‬‫تر‬‫فيكم‬‫ين‬‫ر‬‫أم‬‫لن‬‫تضلوا‬‫ما‬‫مسكتم‬‫بهما‬‫كتاب‬‫اهلل‬‫وسنة‬‫نبيو‬
0 “I have left behind two things, you will never go astray
as long as you hold fast onto them i.e. the Quran and
Sunnah”. (Muwatta Imam Malik, 1601)
0 Therefore, as Muslims, we need to believe the
contents of Al- Qur'an and Hadith as a source of
information, and try to practice the good
administration as requested by Allah and the Prophet
Muhammad PBUH.

20. REFERENCES
0 Al-Buraey, M. (2003). Management and administration
in Islam. London: Kegan Paul International.
0 Al-Qur’an.
0 Habtoor, A. S. (2002). Roots of Islamic civilization:
(public administration). Ṣanʻāʼ.
0 Saheeh International Tanslation - Kalamullah.Com.
(n.d.). Retrieved October 01, 2018, from
https://www.kalamullah.com/Books/Quran - Saheeh
International Translation .pdf

21. THANK YOU