A research study for Intercultural Communication subject.

2. INTRODUCTION
•In this modern era, people tend to use
technology in dealing with their work,
especially university students who use social
media like Facebook in their daily life.
•Facebook is useful to everyone in term of
communication field.
•Give awareness to society about the benefits
of Facebook in maintaining relationship
among multicultural communities.

3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
To know strategies used by the
IIUM students in maintaining their
relationship with the person they
close through Facebook.
To study the relationship
between culture and relationship
maintenance through Facebook.
To investigate the significance
between genders in maintaining
the relationship through
Facebook.

4. METHODOLOGY

5. METHODOLOGY: PROCEDURE
PROCEDURE
QUANTITATIVE
METHOD
SURVEY
METHOD
ALL AREAS IN
IIUM CAMPUS
WITHIN 15
MINUTES

6. METHODOLOGY: PARTICIPANTS
30 RESPONDENTS (IIUM STUDENTS)
15
MALAYSIANS
15 NON-
MALAYSIANS
NATIONALITY
15 MALES
15 FEMALES
GENDER

7. METHODOLOGY: MATERIAL
Questionnaire on Intercultural Differences In Close Friendship
Maintenance On Facebook adapted and revised from Oswald,
Clark and Kelly (2004) and Vitak (2012).
Open ended and close ended questions.
The survey instrument has 2 sections; demographics and
strategies in maintaining respondent relationship with the person
they close through Facebook.

8. METHODOLOGY: DATA ANALYSIS
SPSS Software 22
Descriptive Statistic method
Mean and Independent T-Test

9. LITERATURE REVIEW
(Dainton,M
2003)
(Houser,
Fleuriet, and
Estrada
2012)
•The widespread of Facebook era has
influenced interpersonal and online
relationship especially among college
students.
•He added two more elements that
measure maintenance relationship
strategy to advice and integrative
conflict management.
•Inductive approach might be needed
more if users utilize Facebook for
maintenance relationship purposes.

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
(Blease,C,R,
2015)
(Madge, Meek,
Wellens
and Hooley,
2009)
•Facebook allows people to share
thought, to make online group, and
to achieve purpose of using it
•Facebook can be a medium for
female and male for educational and
work purposes.
•Students join Facebook for making
new friend at university and keep
in touch with friend and family.
•Facebook can be a tool for
educational purpose.

11. FINDINGS

12. DEMOGRAPHIC : GENDER
50%50%
MALE
FEMALE

13. DEMOGRAPHIC : NATIONALITY
50%50%
MALAYSIAN
NON- MALAYSIAN

14. DEMOGRAPHIC: NATIONALITY
50%
7%
3% 3%
13%
3% 3% 3% 3% 3%
7%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%

15. DEMOGRAPHIC: AGE
(MEAN = 21.20 , SD = 1.49)
3% 10%
10%
43%
17%
10%
3% 3%
AGE
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

16. DEMOGRAPHIC: YEAR OF STUDY
23%
57%
17%
3%
FIRST YEAR
SECOND YEAR
THIRD YEAR
FOURTH YEAR

17. DEMOGRAPHIC: KULIYYAH
63%
17%
10%
7% 3%
KIRKHS
KOE
KEMNS
AIKOL
KOED

19. TABLE 1-STRATEGIES USED IN MAINTAINING
THEIR RELATIONSHIP THROUGH FACEBOOK
3.38 3.58
3.07 3.24 3.15 3.25
0.71
0.99
0.66
1.45
0.8 0.78
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
MEAN
SD

20. STRATEGIES USED IN MAINTAINING THEIR
RELATIONSHIP THROUGH FACEBOOK
• From Table 1, it shows that the respondents used supportiveness
as their highest strategy in maintaining their relationship with
the person they close through Facebook with the highest mean
(M=3.5800, SD=0.99009).
• Meanwhile the lowest strategy used in maintaining their
relationship with the person they are close through Facebook is
openness with the mean (M=3.0733, SD=0.66121).

22. TABLE 2- NATIONALITY
Strategies Categories Mean SD t Sig (2-taled)
Positivity Malaysian 3.3467 .78364 -.254 .801
Non-Malaysian 3.4133 .64793 -.254
Supportiveness Malaysian 3.6667 1.14059 .473 .640
Non-Malaysian 3.4933 .84470 .473
Openness Malaysian 3.1200 .70427 .381 .706
Non-Malaysian 3.0267 .63636 .381
Interaction Planning Malaysian 3.0667 1.04106 -.672 .508
Non-Malaysian 3.4267 1.79343 -.672
Social Information
Seeking
Malaysian 3.1200 .89059 -.179 .859
Non-Malaysian 3.1733 .73238 -.179
Passive Browsing Malaysian 3.1333 .90567 -.815 .423
Non-Malaysian 3.3667 .63994
-.815

23. • For Malaysian, Supportiveness the highest number of mean
(M=3.6667, SD=1.14059). While the lowest number of mean is Interaction
Planning (M= 3.0667, SD=1.04106).
• For non- Malaysian, Supportiveness the highest number of mean
(M=3.4933, SD=.84470). While the lowest number of mean is Openness
(M=3.0267, SD=.63636).
• The highest number of t-test for both nationalities is Supportiveness
with .473. Meanwhile, the lowest is passive browsing with -.815.
• Based on the table 2, there is no significance nationality difference in
all strategies.

25. TABLE 3- GENDERStrategies Categories Mean SD t Sig(2-
tailed)
Positivity
Male 3.6000 .75593 1.765
0.089
Female 3.1600 .60095 1.765
Supportiveness
Male 3.9733 .98232 2.337
0.027Female 3.1867 .85679 2.337
Openness
Male 3.1067 .52843 .272
0.788Female 3.0400 .78994 .272
Interaction Planning Male 3.8400 1.70746 2.417
0.025Female 2.6533 .83655 2.417
Social Information
Seeking
Male 3.1733 .68813 .179
0.859
Female 3.1200 .92520 .179
Passive Browsing
Male 3.4000 .71214 1.056
0.300Female 3.1000 .83879 1.056

26. • For male, the highest number of mean is Supportiveness
(M=3.9733, SD=.98232). It has the lowest number of mean in social
information seeking (M=3.1067, SD=.52843).
• For female, the highest number of mean is Supportiveness
(M=3.1867, SD=.85679). It has lowest number of mean in interaction
planning (M=2.6533, SD=.83655).
• The highest number of t-test is interaction planning for both
genders with 2.417.
• Meanwhile, the lowest number of t-test is .179 for both genders is
Social Information Seeking.
• Thus, based on the table 3, there are significance gender
differences in term of supportiveness and interaction planning
which are 0.027 and 0.025 respectively.

27. DISCUSSION

28. DISCUSSION (1): STRATEGY
•Based on our study, the most strategy that
has been used in maintaining relationship
for both Malaysians and non- Malaysians
with the person they close through
Facebook is the Supportiveness.

29. DISCUSSION (2): NATIONALITY
•The study shown there is no significance
for nationality difference in terms of
positivity, supportiveness, openness,
interaction planning, social information
seeking and passive browsing.

30. DISCUSSION (3): GENDER (MEAN)
Male
Highest:
Supportive-
ness
Lowest:
Social
information
seeking
Female
Highest:
Supportive-
ness
Lowest:
Interaction
Planning

31. DISCUSSION (3): GENDER
•Highest: Interaction Planning
•Lowest: OpennessT- Test

32. DISCUSSION (3): GENDER
•Both genders prefer to use Facebook
for supportiveness rather than others.

33. CONCLUSION
• Facebook helps in friendship maintenance especially
towards both genders.
• When people use Facebook, they tend to use several
strategies in order to maintain their relationship.
• Therefore, Facebook play an important role in people
life especially in dealing and maintaining their
relationship.